agkap phr.: ma-agkap so bukod; phr.: goinawa no ma-agkap; phr.: ma-agkap ka pogdumaruma₂. 1adj Lightweight. Ma-agkap ka kabil ku. My backpack is lightweight. 2v To become easier. Ko moon-ing ka ayam ta, ogma-agkap ka pog-ugpò ta su konò kid ogkoirapan. If we have many animals, our living situation becomes easier because we won't experience hardship. 3v To feel unsafe or insecure. Ogka-agkapan ka og-ugpò to sikan no ugpa-an; ogkohonat ka tibò no oghalin su du-on igkahallok. The people living in that place feel unsafe; All of them will pack up and move at the same time because something is making [them] afraid. Nigkagi si Tirino, “Ka konò ogka-agkapan, konò og-awò kai to Kapugi. Ko ogka-agkapan, ogkohonat kow kunto-on diò to Maambago su ngilaman pad to mangayow.” Tirino said, “Those who don't feel unsafe, don't leave Kapugi. If [you] feel unsafe, leave together now for Maambao because there are warning of raiders for a while.” [If people in a given place feel unsafe they will often totally abandon a village. However, there are circumstances when not everyone feels unsafe and those may stay to attend their fields and not leave with the others.]
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alamara 1n Armed warriors or [band of] armed warriors. Ka alamara dongan, maro-ot su ogpanhimatoy to warò salò. Di ka kunto-on no alamara, noimu on no kaponongan to maroyow no alamara su ogbuligan on to mgo sundalu. The armed band(s) in the past were bad because they killed [people] who had no fault. But the bands of armed warrior(s) today have become groups of good warriors because they now help the soldiers. [Formerly, used of a band of raiders. Currently used of a local armed defense unit.] osyn: mangayow 1. 2v To raid, band together in mass to attack and kill people. Ogpatokawan to og-alamaraan oyow ogko-ubus dan oghimatoy. They cause [the house/village] to be taken by surprise when they have banded together in mass to attack so that they all can, without exception, kill [everyone]. Og-a-alamaraan to ogsulungan ka songo baloy. Ka sikan no a-alamaraan, moon-ing lagboy ka oglusud ka sikan no usig dan. They band together to attack a certain house.As for that raiding, there are very many who will come against those enemies of theirs. [The intent of the attack is to kill. Whole villages have been known to be massacred by such an attack.]
alibood v 1To wriggle as one's stomach when one is hungry. Og-alibood ka gotok ta ko oggutasan ki. Our stomach wriggles when we are hungry. Ko og-a-alibood, ungod ogwo-ilwo-il ka bituka nu su warad tagù din. When they are wriggling, your intestines are always moving about because they (lit. it) doesn't have anything inside. 2To wriggle or squirm as worms or grubs. Ko ogwo-ilwo-il ka lawa to alibutod, songo og-alibood. When the body(s) of the grub(s) are moving, they also wriggle. Oggusi-on tad ka galung ta no pula no ogkito-on tad ka moon-ing no alibutod no og-aliboodbood on. We split oven the pula palm tree which we have notched and then we see many white grubs which are squirming.
alibutod n White grubs. Oggusi-on tad ka galung ta no pula no ogkito-on tad ka moon-ing no alibutod no og-aliboodbood on. We split oven the pula palm tree which we have notched and then we see many white grubs which are wiggling about. [These are hatched from the eggs of the kamolung beetles which may be black, brown, reddish, or green. The grubs are cultivated by felling a palm tree with an edible heart such as the pula palm. The palm tree is felled and the palm heart ubud is removed from the upper portion of the tree near the leaves to be used for food. Then the tree is grooved at intervals of about one arm span. It is then covered with leaves and left for about three months. Beetles lay their eggs in the grooves and the larva feed on the pulp lisuan of the tree. When someone comes back to check the tree, he taps it to see if the grubs have developed and filled the pulp of the tree. If they have, the creatures will make a whispery na-asna-as sound. The tree trunk will be split open and the grubs collected which are cooked and eaten. They are described as consisting almost entirely of fat. However, not everyone eats them.] spec: kanggò; spec: katod; spec: langi-on.
alig 1n Attraction, especially toward someone of the opposite sex. Ko ogko-iniat ki to boi to sikan ki pad nigkita, sikan ka alig pad to mata su ko konò tad ogkito-on ka sikan no boi, ogkalingawan ta sikandin. If we desire a girl when this is the first time we have seen her, that is the attraction of the eye(s) because if we don't see that girl [any more], we will just forget about her. Ka sikan no alig, konò no maro-ot su ko ogkita ki to boi no du-on goinawa ta kandin di mangkuan ogkasipod ki no ognangon to du-on goinawa ta kandin. Konò no ian ta ig-alig su oghimu ki to maro-ot. That [kind] of attraction isn't bad because when we see a girl and we like her (lit. have breath toward her), yet later on we will be shy to say that we like her. Our attraction isn't a means of attraction to for doing (lit.because we will do) something wrong. [The unreduplicated form of the word alig is described as not a bad emotion because a person is just interested in that person, but the initial interest may pass. That interest can grow into an appropriate relationship leading toward marriage. However, a person who is described as aligon is someone whose interest goes beyond the appropriate. Those people may desire someone who is married and may not be limited to one relationship.] 2v To be drawn to someone, as to God. Ko nig-alig ki to Magbobo-ot, indakoli ki to goinawa to Magbobo-ot. Kandin dò ka nig-alig. When we were drawn to God, our love (lit. breath) for God was increased. He alone was the one who drew us [to Himself]. 3v Affection for someone. Natapid ka pog-alig din no du-on on dakol no goinawa rin. Ka sikan no alig, sagboka rò no boi ka indakoli rin. Sikan ka ligkatan to og-asawo-on din. His affection for someone has become focused (lit. arranged). As for that affection, there is just one girl whom he loves. That is the source of his getting married [to her]. 4vs To be attracted by something such as a pretty design. Ogka-aligan ta ka maroyow no batok. We are attracted by the pretty design. 5v To make a commitment to one another as two who decide to get married. Nig-a-alig sikandan su nokog-un-unawa goinawa ran. Nokogsabut ka sikan. Nokog-iniatoy. Nokogso-ob ka alig dan no darua. They have made a commitment [to each other] because their feelings (lit. breath) werere the same. They have come to an agreement with each other. They desire each other. The attraction of the two [of them] is mutual. 6deriv n A lustful person. Ka otow no ogko-iniat to moon-ing no boi, sikan ka aligon. The person who desires many women, that is a lustful person. 7v To lust after others of opposite sex, not one's spouse. Ko du-on asawa woy ko dalaga, tibò din og-aligon. Whether it is a person who has a spouse or an unmarried lady, he lusts after all [of them].
alung 1n Reflection, as in a mirror. Ko ogpitow ki to ispiu, ogkito-on ta ka alung ta. When we look in a mirror, we see our reflection. Ko ogdolmol ki to woig no mating-ow, du-on alung ta diò to diralom. If we look carefully into water which is clear, we have a reflection there below [us]. 2n Shadow. Ko ogsilò ka bulan, ogkabandogan ka lawa ta to layag to bulan, du-on alung ta. When the moon comes up, our bodies are struck by the light of the moon, we have a shadow. 3n Picture, such as that of a photo. Ko niglituratu koy ki Jim no pogkaponga, nigbogayan koy to alung noy. When Jim took our picture and when it was finished, he gave us our picture. 4v To come close; watch someone closely; hang over one’s shoulder. Og-alung ki to songo otow su warò ki mataga ko nokoy ka tu-ud din. We watch [someone] closely because we don't know what his purpose is. 5deriv n Someone who shadows; a hanger on. 6deriv n
babaloy, og=, nig= phr.: songo baloy; deriv.: baloy. 1v To build a house. Ko ogbabaloy, ogbunsud pad no oghimu. If [one] builds a house, he begins to make [it]. 2v To find someone at home. Ka nigpanumbaloy ka diò ki Lillian, no-uma nu pad sikandin diò to baloy din, nabaloy nu pad. When you went to visit Lillian, you reached her while she was still at home, you found her at home. see: umaan; see: sapon 1. 3n A person who is a chronic visitor Du-on otow no sumbalayon. Sikan pad ian og-onow to kasoloman no diò tad ogkito-on to songo baloy. There are people who iare a chronic visitors. As soon as one gets up in the early morning, we see them over at someone else's house. [that is, one who is always at someone else's house.] 4n Kobbiung tune. 5v To visit at someone's house. 6v To sexually abuse women who live in the same household. Ka lituk to ogbalbalayon, ogpan-ian-ianan ka mgo boi. Ogpanhilabot dò du-on ka nig-ugpò. The meaning of the term ogbalbalayon, the women are taken advantage of. [A person] simply [sexually] uses [the women] who live there. [This is not by consent of either a spouse or the persons abused and is not accepted by Manobo culture. In the past, such a person might be put in a sack and drowned.]
bakul v To plant the cut stems of certain vines. Nalimud on ka gout ni Inò no igbakul din asolom to kamot din. Mother's cut [camote] stems are gathered together which she will use to plant sweet potatoes tomorrow. Ogpamakul koy bag kunto-on to golut to mundù su nakasilab koy to kamot noy. We will plant camote stems today because we have burned our fields. Ko ogbabakul ki to kamot to golut, ogkuò koy to su-an no ian noy igkali to sikan no igbakul noy to mundù. When we plant camote stem cuttings, we-exc get a sharpened stick which we use to dig that in which we-exc will plant stems. [such as sweet potatoes, alagbati or other creeping plants. A long su-an “sharpened stick” is usually used for digging but a dukap “short weeding knife” or a shovel or pick may be used.]
batuk 1v To find, discover. Inat konò ogpakabatuk. It's as if one cannot discover [the meaning]. Warò ki pad makabatuk to maroyow no dalan. We had not yet discovered the good path. Iglobong diò to tanò to daruwa no allow ka pogbatuk to sikan no agkud. [The mixture] is buried in the ground for two days [before]] finding [it to have become] the agkud delicacy. see fr.: tugul 3; see fr.: kita 2; see fr.: tolom 3. 2v To be effective. Ko nokoy no tambal no ogpakabatuk to masakit, ian ka ma-agbot no tambal. Whatever medicine is effective against an illness, that is strong medicine. 3v To identify, such as to narrow down to the one person whom one would marry. Ko konò ogkahalin ka goinawa nu diò to duma no boi, no ian nu ogbatukon ka sikan no boi no nasabutan nu. If your love (lit. breath) does not change to another girl, then you have identified the girl with whom you had an agreement [to be the one whom you would marry]. [The sense here seems to be that one's search is narrowed down to this one person so that one knows she is the one he is looking for.] see: tu-on 1. 4v To locate, or go to a specific place for a specific purpose. Ka kunto-on no tipouri no mgo otow, du-on batasan to du-on on indosanan no kasilyas no du-on dò ogbatuk ka og-indos. As for the present-day people who have come later (lit. last), there is a custom to have an outhouse for defecating and so that is [the only] place people will go to to defecate. [The following seems to mean that in contrast to the past when people defecated anywhere, now people go to only that specific location which has been made for that purpose.] 5v To find or locate Ko oglapas ki, ko konò ki ogpakabatuk to mababow su mabolbol ka woig, ogka-alus ki diò to maralom. If we cross [a river], if we cannot locate a shallow area because the water is swift, we will be carried away by the current to a deep area. 6v To get at, or be effective against, as an illness. Ko nokoy no tambal no ogpakabatuk to masakit, ian ka ma-agbot no tambal. Whatever the medicine is which gets at the illness, that is efficatious (lit. strong) medicine. see: tu-on ??. 7v To be passed down, as some characteristic or authority which is recognized in someone's descendant Sikan ka oghingaranan noy no batuk to anak. Ka katondanan ni Dabid, nigbatuk ki Husi. No ka katondanan ni Husi, nigbatuk man dò diò ki Hisus. That is [what] we call passed down to an offspring. The authority of David, it is passed down to Joseph. And the authority of Joseph, it is then passed down to/found in in Jesus. 8v to find to be [or to have become] something Iglobong diò to tanò to daruwa no allow ka pogbatuk to sikan no agkud. That which found to be agkud is buried in the ground for two days. [In the following example, the it takes two days for the mixture of ingredients to change into the food item called akud.] 9Retrieve food once cached away. 10Return. 11v find out, reveal 12Kabatukon ku so-i komos. ???
bingbing v 1Pinch and pull someone; esp. on the cheek. Nigbingbing to inoy ka apongag to anak din su konò og-ulì ka ungud ogli-ag. The mother pinched and pulled the cheek of her child (lit. offspring) because he was always playing [and] wouldn’t come home. 2For a noose to tighten on the neck of a bird or other animal. Du-on otow no nigto-on to hilut diò o salag to limukon. No na-alow din on on ka limukon no nohilut ka li-og no nabingbing on. There was a person who placed a noose beside the nest of a dove. Then he shooed the dove and then the neck of the dove was caught in the noose because the noose tightened around its neck. see: hilut₁.
boka 1v To start to crack or break the soil as camotes which are growing under the surface of the soil but cannot yet be seen. Ko ogboka ka mundù, ogbotu ka tanò di konò pad ogkito-on ka bogas. When the sweet potatoes start to break through the soil, the soil cracks but the fruits cannot be seen yet. 2v To bulge and crack the soil as by sweet potatoes near surface of ground. Ko ogboboka ka mundù, lagboy ogkito-on ka bogas. When the sweet potatoes bulge and crack the soil, they can really be seen. Ka mundù, ogboboka ka bogas din. As for the sweet potatoes, they are brulging and cracking the soil. 3Very many are bulging and breaking the soil. 4adj A few.
dagdagow 1vi To do something for a brief time as when one has visitors or another task waiting. Ko ogpantow ki, to ariplano, dagdagow ki ogpitow. If we look (pantow) out of a window, we look for a short time. Ko ogdagdagow kid og-ulì, maga-an dò oglibong ka ogtalabao. Ogtalabau ki kunto-on di dagdagow ki rò su du-on magaliug ta no ogtatagad diò to baloy. We will work now but just for a short time (lit. we will just do it for a short time) we have a guest who is waiting at the house. [Being in a hurry seems to be the reason for doing briefly, not the primary meaning.] 2v To take just a short time to do something, such as “in a jiff”
dalangin 1vt To run an errand find out something, such as whether one can buy newly butchered meat. Ko du-on og-iow to babuy, kalabow, kuddò ogsugù koy to, "Dalangin kow su du-on nangiow to babuy. Purut kow to agad songo kilo." If someone is butchering a pig, water buffalo, [or] horse, we will command someone, “Go check it out because someone has butchered a pig. Get even one kilo.” see: lo-uy 2; see: ma-an 2. 2vi To be en route to go to a destination as an evil spirit which is en route to check out a dead person. Konò kow amana ogli-ag diò to tanò su ogkabaya-an kow to busow no ogdalangin to namatoy. Don't play so much outside (lit. on the ground) because you will happen to be in the path of evil spirit(s) which are en route to check out a dead person. 3v [For many people] to check something out Ko du-on og-iow, moon-ing ka oghondu-on ka ogdalanginan. If there is [an animal] being butchered, many go to check it out. 4v To delegate someone to do something. Kunto-on, to warò liwak nu to oghondiò to Malaybalay, nigdalanginan ta si Jaimi su du-on tu-ud din diò to Malaybalay no ian ta pinaboli to mgo gulayon. Today, since you didn’t have time to go to Malaybalay, we delegated Jaimi to do it [for us] because he had a purpose in Malaybalay and so we had him buy the food items. see: pagindalan; see: saligan. 5v To be pursued, as by evil spirits who want the game that a person is carrying. Ogdanginan ka otow to busow no ogbababa to babuy su ogngarog to langosa. A person who is carrying a pig on his back will be pursued by an evil spirit because it smells the blood. [Said to happen if one is carrying a pig after dark or when the light outside is dim because the spirit(s) are after the blood of the animal because it wants to take the animal away from the person. It is believed that the enounter may result in that person becoming ill.]
dungkù v 1To slouch. Kò kad ogdungkù; kò ka ogpopokù. Don't slouch; don't be bent over. 2To hunker down as when hiding. Ogdungkù ki ko ogholos ki. We will hunker down if we hide. see: pokù. 3To have to hunker down as when fearing capture. Ogpakarungkù ki su ogkahallok ki no ogkito-on ki. We have to be hunkered down because we are afraid that we might be seen.
galong 1n A groove or v-shaped knotch as made in a felled or fallen palm tree trunk as when cultivating the edible grubs of various bettles. Oggusi-on tad ka galung ta no pula no ogkito-on tad ka moon-ing no alibutod no og-aliboodbood on. We split open the pula palm tree which we have notched and then we see many white grubs which are squirming. 2v The process of notching a palm log such as when cultivating grubs. Sikan no lawa to pula, oggalungon noy. As for the body of that pula palm, we will knotch it to cultivate grubs. Ogtagaran ta to tatolu no bulan woy ta ogpitawon ka piggalung ta ko du-on on alibutod. We will wait three months before we look at [the log] which we have knotched to cultivate grubs [to see] if there there are now white grubs. see: bangbang 2.
gatow v 1To protrude above the surface of something such as a shark’s fin protrudes from the water or as veins protrude from the skin. Ko oggasa-an ka otow, oggatow ka pangkul din. When a person becomes emaciated, the side of his hip bone protrudes. see: kotul 4. 2A person who has many veins which protrude above the skin. Ka otow no gatawan, ogkito-on ka ugat to bolad din su oggatow on. Ogkotul. As for the person who has many visible veins, his veins can be seen because they protrude.
goinawa no ma-agkap phr. of: agkap. to be confident, or seemingly unconcerned Amana so goinawa nu no ma-agkap! How (lit. enough) can you be so confident! Ko du-on ogkito-on ta no duma ta no warò ta pad tila-a, ma-agkap so goinawa ta kandin. Ma-awang ka goinawa ta. Ogpakasalig ki kandin. If we see someone to whom we are related whom we have not yet met, we feel confident toward him. We feel an openness (lit. clear breath [between us]. We are able to trust him. [The following was the surprised response of neighbors who wondered how he could stay peaceful/calm when he was being threatened and verbally abused.]
hilut₂ 1n Noose. Du-on otow no nigto-on to hilut diò o salag to limukon. No na-alow din on on ka limukon no nohilut ka li-og no nabingbing on. Someone places a noose beside the nest of a dove. Then he shooed the dove and then the neck of the dove was caught in the noose because the noose tightened around its neck. 2n Rattan rat trap. 3To bridle horse.??
himu 1v Do. Na-akoban ka oghimuon ta porom no an-anayan no na-aloy ki diò to dangob no warò ta nato-ori. That which we would have done at the beginning was supplanted (lit. layered or covered over) and so then we were distracted to something else so that we didn't accomplish [what we started out to do]. 2v make 3v To be made or given a position Diò to kanami, woy ogkatahuron noy ko noimu on no pogbuyagon. In our place, we don't show respect [to someone] unless they have been made a leader. 4v To make something from something else. Di kunto-on, ka balanghuy on ka oghimuon no agkud. But these days, cassava is now being [used] to make agkud. 5The process of making something 6Ko ogkapongaan to poghimu to darua no allow, bali ogkako-on ka sikan no agkud. When two days of [this] process has been completed, finally that agkud can be eaten.
ikul v 1To follow as a trail or path. Ka mgo buus woy ka mgo diip no ogbayò to kalasara, og-ikul to dalan dan The buses and jeeps which pass along the highway, follow their path. Kagi to amoy ku, “Pa-andalan nu ka koykow su oghun-a a woy ikul ka koddì ko hondo-i a ogbayò.” My father said, “Start your [motor] because I will go first and you will follow my [motorboat] wherever I go (lit. pass).” Ka lituk to ikul, og-unug ad. The meaning of ikul, I'll follow [what he does]. [It is implicit that they will stay within that path] see: unug 1. 2To retrace one's steps Ka nig-ulì kid diò to Patil, natagak ka bag diò to dalan, no niglibong kid ka namanghò no nig-ikul ta ka nigbaya-an ta oyow ogkito-on ta. When we returned to Patil, the bag dropped down onto the path so we returned looking for it and we retraced our steps so that we would see it. 3To follow a scent, as that of an animal or a person. Ka asu no ogpammu-ud to babuy, ogsungsungan din ka komos to babuy no og-ikulon din. A dog who is hunting a pig smells the footprints of the pig and then follows [the scent]. [DB sees a difference between the vehicles following a circumscribed path and a dog following a scent because in the latter case the animal is searching for something which is not true of a vehicle following path.]
ilag 1n Light, as at the end of a tunnel. Ko ogsorop ki to sinoropan, du-on ilag to kohuna-an ta. If we go inside a cavern, there will be light in front of us. see fr.: ilas 1; osyn: ting-ow 1, awang 1; see: layag 1; see: ma-awang. 2v To glow, be light. see: awang 1. 3adj To be transparent, to be able to see through something. Ko du-on manggad no manipis, mo-ilag ka pogpitow ta su oglagbas ka ma-awang. If there is thin material, we can see through it because the light goes through it. Ka baloy ko ian dò bintanà, ispiu, mo-ilag dò su ogkito-on ta rò ka limang su ma-awang ka pogpitow ta. A house, if it only has glass windows, they are transparent because we can see through to the other side because our view (lit. viewing of it) is unobstructed. see: mating-ow; see: awang 1.
into adj Similar, as, like. Duruma kid su into no ogkito-on kud sikaniu no ogkamatoy kow to gutas. We’ll stick together lest it be as though I should see you die of hunger. [This seems to be a contraction of iling to...]
