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agpot 1n To be an outsider , that is, someone who is living in a location other than his own. Ko oghalin ki diò songo ugpa-an, mgo agpot ki rò. Agad duma ta no Manobò, mgo agpot ki rod su konò no ugpa-an ta. If we move to another place, we are just outsiders. Even if they are our fellow Manobos, we are still outsiders because it is not our place. ant: sakup 2. 2n Foreigner, that is, someone who resides in a country where he/she is not a citizen. Ogkohingaran to agpot kow kai to Pilipinas su sakup ka to songo ugpa-an. You are called foreigners here in the Philippines because you are subjects of another country. 3n A person who lives on someone else's property; displaced person. Ko warò tanò dan, mgo agpot sikandan. If they don't have land they are residing on someone else's land. [The Ata Manobo term agpot applies to a renter or someone who has permission to live on someone else's land. It does not have the negative connotation of the English term “squatter”. However, the people who dwell on a dump would be considered agpot because it is not considered that it is an appropriate place to live.] 4v To go somewhere for a short stay. Si Lita, nignangon ki Mery to diò oghibat to kandin. Nig-agpot si Mery su nig-amut on to songo kausiloman dò. Lita told Mery to sleep (lit. lay down) at their place. Mery stayed a short time with them because she joined [them] for only one night. [In the following example, DB says the verbal form applies but Mary is not an agpot because she only stayed one night.] see: panumbaloy. 5n To be temporary residents of some place Mgo agpot ki rò kai to tanò. We are just resident aliens here on earth. Ko malayat ka pog-ugpò nu, sikan ka agpot su nig-amut ka. If your stay is long, that is the meaning of an resident alien because you have joined in [with those people]. [DB says the word can mean amut if it is in a temporary sense. See example. [original gloss: Mingle with.]] osyn: amut 1. 6v To stay somewhere for a short time Nig-agpot si Mery su nig-amut on to songo kausiloman dò. Mary stayed for a short time because she joined [them] for only one night. [In this case, a person does not become an agpot “alien” or “foreigner” because the intent is just a short visit.]

agpu-unan 1n To be afflicted by an illness believed to be a result of meeting a long-haired spirit while bathing in a river or stream. Ko du-on batò no ogdaralu no ungod ogparigus, ogkagi ka mgo buyag to na-agpu-unan su nalimuan to gamowgamow. If a child gets sick who is always bathing [in the river], the older people say that he afflicted by an evil spirit because he affected by a long-haired spirit [which lives in the water]. [Wherever the swelling is on a body of the child, the people believe that is where the hair of the spirit wrapped around the child’s body.] see fr.: gamowgamow; see: limuan; see fr.: limuan; see: gamowgamow. 2v To become ill from contact with a female spirit with long hair which lives near a stream or river. Ko duon ogdaralu no mgo batò no malasi ogpamarigus diò to woig, kagi to amoy, “Pitow ka. Na-agpu-unan ka.” If there are children who become ill who are often bathing in the river (lit. water), the father says, “See. You have become ill from a spirit source.” Ko du-on batò no ogdaralu no ungod ogparigus, ogkagi ka mgo buyag to na-agpu-unan su nalimuan to gamowgamow. If a child gets sick who is always bathing [in the river], the older people say that he afflicted by an evil spirit because he was affected by a long-haired spirit [which lives in the water]. [They believe that there is a female spirit with long hair called a gamowgamow who lives in the water. They believe that if an adult or child gets tangled in her hair while bathing, it will cause them to be ill. They also believe that unless a special spirit ceremony is performed to remove this illness, the person may die. They believe a withered calf is one form of this illness but any illness following bathing is suspect.] see: limuan; see: gamowgamow.

agsam n A smooth, thornless vine or rattan which has fern-like leaves and a dark core which is used to make leg bands and bracelots. Ka agsam, oghimuon no tikos. As for the agsam vine, it is used to make leg bands. [Virginia Morey catagorized this vine as a rattan which are related to the palm family. DB distinguished between this vine and rattans called balagon or other vines called bunal. This one has a leaf that resembles that of a fern.]

agubanga v Slightly unripe, as bananas or papaya. Og-agubanga ka kapayas; warò pad amana noinug. The papaya is unevenly ripe and unripe; it isn't quite ripe yet. [Texture of something partially ripe which is hard on the outside, soft in the middle as an unripe bananas or papaya.]

agud cf: hayod; cf: anak 2. 1n The manipulation of a baby\\\\\\\'s position before and during the birthing process. Ko ogkaboros, ogkatapid ka batò ko no-omonu. No ko og-anak on, [ka agud], ian ka igbulig, no igparumaruma ka bolad to talag-uyamu. When someone is pregnant, the baby is positioned when it is not in the right position (lit. if what has happened). And when a person gives birth, [the agud] is the means of helping, by having the hands of the mid-wife accompany [the baby during the birthing process. [This term is used of the process of adjusting the position of the unborn baby during the final months of pregnancy. It is also used of the assistance given during labor when a midwife guides the baby toward the birth canal using gentle pressure with her hands. During that time she may also use her hands to properly position the baby. An Ata Manobo midwife is generally an older female relative who gains her skill and reputation through her own experience and that of others. Some, without formal training become very skilled, even in handling breach births. ] 2v To manipulate the position of an unborn baby during pregnancy or during the birthing process. Si Taganay ka og-agud. Taganay is the one to manipulate [the baby's position]. 2.1v To be manipulated, as the mother’s abdomen when a baby is being moved to the proper position for birthing. Ka gotok ka og-aguron. The [the mother's] abdomen is that which is manipulated. 2.2v To have someone manipulate the unborn baby’s position. Ko oggoramon to inoy to ogmasakit, ogpa-agud. When the mother feels pain, she will have someone manipulate the baby's position.

agum 1n The pattern formed during the intial stage of weaving a basket. Ka pogbatokbatok, sikan ka agum. The forming of the pattern [of a basket], that is the agum. 1.1v The initial stage of beginning to weave a basket which includes the formation of the pattern of the basket. Ogbunsud to oghimu to liang. Agad nokoy kalasia no liang, sikan ka og-agumon. One begins to make a basket. Whatever kind of woven basket, that is the initial stage of weaving a basket. [One takes certain strands with each hand and begins to weave them together. This term apparently applies to any type of basket but it is at this stage that the pattern is set.] 2v To teach someone how to weave a basket. Og-a-agum si Buntit to liang no ogpabantayon din ka og-anaron din. Buntit is teaching someone how to weave a basket and she is watching the one she is teaching,

akob 1n A layer of something, such as an additional layer of clothing like an undergarment, underskirt or slip or an upper garment such as a shawl or coat.. [Almost anything which can be layered, such as a layer of paint or a layer of wood.] see fr.: laplap 2; see: linas. 2v To be layered, as plywood. [This applies to thin layers or items such as plywood, paper or paint and would not be used of thicker items such as books or boards which would be stacked. It could also apply to layers of skin or leaves on the ground.] 3v To be multi-layered or stacked as many sheets of paper. [But not stacked as books. That would be ogpokog-ampow-ampow.] 4vs (Fig) To have one's thoughts or activities supplanted, or overlaid, or taken over by something. Ko pananglitan du-on oghimuon ta di ko du-on igkasasow ta, na-akoban ka oghimuon ta porom no an-anayan. If for example we are doing something but then something is worrying us, what we had been doing at first was supplanted [by that which is disturbing us]. Na-akoban ka doromdom ta to igkasasow ta no warò ta nato-ori to oghimuon ta porom. Our thinking was taken over by that which was worrying us and so we didn't accomplish what we would have done. [The following is an example of having one's thoughts so much supplanted or taken over (lit. overlaid) by something else that one cannot concentrate on what one had originally planned to do.] see: aloy 2.

alad 1n Fence or wall around a yard, house or garden Agad matikang woy ko masagkop, makopal woy ko manipis no igliu to baloy woy ko lama, ogkohingaranan no alad. Even if it is high or if it is short, thick or thin and surrounds a house or the yard, it is called an alad fense. [A wall around a yard or garden is not called an alabat “wall (of a house)” because by definition, an alabat requires a roof. If it is a wall that does not have a roof, it is an alad or fense.] 2v To make a fence 3v To fence something in. 4v For many to make a fense, esp. to trap wild pigs by fencing them in.

alag 1n Small nut from a type of rattan which is chewed with betelnut. Ka alag, maporos ko ogsopo-on ta. Igpatigpok to langosa ko du-on ogkapali-an. The alag nut is astringent when we chew it. It is used to stop bleeding if someone has been cut. [There are two kinds of alag nut. One is from a vine called anokot. The other, called dangkias, has leaves which resemble the betel nut tree.] 2v To mix the alag with the betelnut.

alang 1n A ritual performed to remove a charm, spell or hex. Ka so-ini no alang to taloy-u, igtubad to mgo busow. This ritual to remove a charm, it is [performed by] sacrificing to the spirits. ant: gamut 1; spec: kunakun. 1.1v That which is used as a means of treatment to remove a spell, charm or hex. Du-on ogtutungon dan no ig-alang ka ig-awò to sikan no taloy-u. There is something which they burn as a means of treatment to remove that love charm. [If a man has used a charm to cause a woman to fall in love with him, he will later use something to treat her to remove the love charm so that she will be freed from lust and able focus on her husband and family. However, with that release she may then react negatively and hate her husband for having used the charm to force her into this now unwanted relationship.] 1.2v For someone to be released from the effects of a charm by use of a ritual. Ko og-alangan din on to taloy-u ka asawa rin, ogmaro-ot on ka goinawa to boi to sikan no lukos su napogos ka goinawa rin to na-asawa sikandin. When his wife (lit. spouse) has been released from the charm by means of a ritual, the woman's attitude toward that man will become bad because her love (lit. breath) had been forced when she was married [to him]. 1.3v To have someone perform a ritual to remove the effects of a charm or a spell which has been cast by using witchcraft. Pa-alang ka su gamut so-ini no goramon nu. Have someone treat you because this ailment is [from] witchcraft. 2n A treatment such as that used to kill insects which damage a crop. Ka alang to mgo pinamula, warò nigligkat to igtubad. The treatment for a field does not come from a prayer/sacrifice [to the spirits]. [Although both uses of alang have to do with treatment, they are interpreted by some to be different in that the ritual to remove the effects of a charm involves invoking the supernatural, whereas treating a crop involves the burning of any of various kinds of wood or vines which produce toxic smoke which kills insects which are damag crops such as corn. The insects die and are eagerly eaten by the birds.] spec: kunakun, gisois, banga; see: bulung 1. 2.1v That which is used as a means of treating something, such as a crop 2.1.1n Something used for a treatment such as a kind of wood or vine. Ka ig-alang noy, mgo kayu, banga, anohow, pangamoton, mgo bunal no ian ka mgo a-alangoy to mgo pinamula. That which we use to treat [crops] are plants, banga palm, fan palm, plants of the field, vines which are the treatments of plants.

alang-alang 1adv Incomplete, as grains on a stalk. Alang-alang pad ka pogkohinug din. The ripening process is still incomplete. [DB says the grains are about halfway down the stalk.] 1.1adj To be lacking. Alang-alang to tatou. It lacks three. 2v To cause someone to be short changed. Pa-alang-alang ogpurut to ayam ku no warò din ilibong kanak. He caused [me] to be short changed [by] taking my domesticated animals and then not returning them to me (lit. then he did not return them to me). [Culturally, it is permissible to borrow a younger relative’s animal to use as a brideprice for one’s daughter or female relative. However, it is expected that when the younger relative will be married, the older one who used his animal will be responsible for providing an animal as a replacement for the former owner’s brideprice. Not to do so results in the relative being short changed, or cheated as in the following example.] 2.1v To be shortchanged or cheated. Ian kid ogpa-alang-alangan ka nig-orok. We who were the ones who sowed are the ones who were cheated [because we didn't get to harvest]. [The custom is that those who sow are not paid but will be chosen later to help harvest because they will receive a portion of the harvest which is also their payment for sowing. If non-sowers are selected to harvest, the group who sowed are cheated of their anticipated payment.]

alap v 1To bring something to a destination. Alap ka rò to sabun no mohomut. Just bring the fragrant soap. see fr.: ganuy 1; see fr.: baniwal 4. 1.1To take something somewhere. Ko du-on "jeep" no nasirà no awos no og-alapon diò to "shop" oyow ogdoyroyawon, songo igpaganuy rod to dangob no jeep. If there is a jeep which is broken down which need sto be taken to the shop to be repaired, it is also pulled by another jeep. spec: sakopu, utuk 1, baba, pangkul, ti-ang 1, bitbit 1, soy-ung, layap; see: hatod 2. 2To move or propel as fins move a fish through water. Ka alongaping, ian ka ogbo-ot to og-alap to lawa to sikan no ngalap. The fin by the fish's ear, that is what determines the movement (lit. carrying) of the body of that fish. 3To be carried away, as by water. Ko ogsamba, du-on baloy no ogka-alap. When [the river] floods, there are house(s) which are carried away. spec: alus 1; see fr.: anlas 3. 4To have someone to take something somewhere; send. 5(Fig) To be under someone's authority. Ko du-on diò to songo barrio on ka ogka-alap, inat to mgo sakup din tibò. If there are those in a some village who are under [someone's] authority (lit. carried by someone), it seems that they are all his subjects. 5.1(Fig) To carry a responsibility or hold authority. Si Joaquin pad ka naka-alap to katondanan to kapitanto Baranggay Gupitan. Joaquin is still the one who has held the position (lit. authority) of captain of Baranggay Gupitan. 5.1.1To be under someone's authority Ko du-on diò to songo barrio on ka ogka-alap, inat to mgo sakup din tibò. If there are those in a some village who are under [someone's] authority (lit. carried by someone), it seems that they are all his subjects. 6For something to be brought to someone. 6.1To be transmitted to, as an illness. Ko og-uma ka dalu no tiklas diò to songo ugpa-an, ko du-on ogpanumbaloy no ogligkat to sikan no ugpa-an, ogka-alapan ki to dalu. If an illness comes to some place, [and] if someone visits from that place, the illness will be transmitted (lit. inadvertantly carried) to us. see: halin 2.1. 6.2To be used in a certain way, as a word. Ian dò ogka-alapan no kinagian ko du-on duma ta no oghinggat to ogparigus no ogkagian ku to, “Alap ka rò to sabun no mohomut.” The only way the word is used (lit. the only [meaning] carried by the word) is if we have a companion whom [we] invite to go bathing with us and I say, "Just bring the fragrant soap".