Cahto - English
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√0 rt (default verb root) Several times in the Cahto corpus, at least three times in Goddard's Bill Ray materials, and once in Loeb's materials from Martina and Lucy Ray, verb forms occur without an explicit root. In each case, the prefix strings are specific enough to carry the lexical meaning and predict the missing root. Source forms: de tûc tē lit, dō na hûc tē le a nin, de tûc tē lit anintele aa-(nin)..0 vi be thus naahi-(s)..0 vi go back home
0- 1 v 2-subject pfx 1 it, they; he/she relatively low animacy sim. tcʾ- 3human subject 9.2.3 Pronouns der. isdiiyaang old 2 it, them; him/her relatively low animacy 9.2.3 Pronouns 0- 0- 0- 0- 0- Source forms:
0- 2 v 3-mode pfx 0-mode imperfective and other non-perfective modes; rarely marks the perfective, too, as in the "find" verbs. Source forms: (0)..lsis/saan vt find/see O (0)..lhsis/saan vt find/see O aa-(0)..leegh/laagh 1 vi do thus P-aa-(0)..nii/n vi make the sound P aa-(0)..nii/n vt say thus P-ee-(0)..lʾaiʾ vt try P kish-(0)..naa vi pl. run away naa-(0)..lhnaa vt examine O medically naa-(0)..lhsis/saan vt find O oo-(0)..tsʾis/tsʾaan vt hear X sko-(0)..loo/looʾ vi pretend
0- 3 v 1-classifier pfx 0-classifier 9.2.9.1 Verb affixes 0 zero-class "(without apparent classifier)" Source forms: 0
(0)..lsis/saan vt 1 see O 2.3.1 See 2 find O, happen to find O in a less active sense than (0)..lhsis/saan 7.6.2 Find perf. 2sg. + 3 obj. ilsaan you (sg.) saw it der. of 0- 2 0-mode l- l-classifier √SIS/SAAN find/see Source forms: ûl san
(0)..lhsis/saan vt 1 find O Lhoonʾtcgheeʾneestc taakʾ sʾilhsaang yaaʾnii. He found three deer mice, they say. GT04 3.2 "Shdjiiʾ-noolsʾid-ee taakʾ shloo iisaan-ii," "I am glad because I found my three dogs." GT04 3.4 "Jaaʾ, tishkeeʾ," doohaaʾ kweeʾ tcʾilhsaan-kwan yaaʾnii . " Well!, let me track them." H e did not find their tracks, they say. GT07 6.1 "Noonii kweeʾ ishsaan-ee," tcʾin yaaʾnii. " But I found grizzly tracks," he said, they say. GT07 7.2 Doo-yaalhsis yaaʾnii. T hey did not find them, they say. GT08 30.13 Toonai uusingʾ yiilhsaan yaaʾnii. T hey found the fish meat, they say. GT10 8.3 Tcʾteesyaa yaaʾnii, lhaaʾhaaʾ tcʾilhsaan yaaʾnii, lhooʾyaashgai. H e went on, they say, and found one trout, they say. GT25 2.10 7.6.2 Find 2 see O, catch sight of O "Doo-dilsis-hee." " We did not see it." GT08 13.1 "Yooʾoong lhit ilhsaang?" Y ou see the smoke way over there." GT10 60.2 "Heuʾ, lhit isaan-ee." " Yes, I saw the smoke." GT10 61.1 Doo-daanshooʾ shilhsis-ee. N obody can see me. GT30 5.5 2.3.1 See perf. 1pl. + 3 obj. dilsaan we found it impf. 1pl. + 3 obj. dilsis we find it perf. 2sg. + 3 obj. ilhsaan you (sg.) find it perf. 1sg. + 3 obj. isaan I found it perf. 1pl. + 3 obj. iidilsaan we found it perf. 1sg. + 3 obj. iisaan I find it perf. 1pl. + 2sg. obj. ndilsaan we saw you (sg.) impf. 3 + 2pl. obj. nhilhsis they see you (pl.) perf. 1sg. + 2sg. obj. nisaan I found you perf. 3anim. + 1pl. obj. nohtcʾolhsaan he saw us perf. 2pl. olhsaan you (pl.) found/saw it impf. 3 + 1sg. obj. shilhsis they see me perf. 3anim. + 3 obj. tcʾilhsaan he/she found it opt. 3anim. + 3 obj. tcʾolhsaan let him find it impf. 3anim. dist. yaaʾlhsis they find it perf. 3 dist. + 3 obj. yaalhsaan they found it impf. 3 dist. + 3 obj. yaalhsis they see it perf. 3obv. + 3 obj. yiilhsaan he/they found it 3obv. yiilhsaan der. of 0- 2 0-mode lh- 1 lh-classifier √SIS/SAAN find/see (win)..lhtsis, tsa:n O-ł-tsis/tsa:n "see O" ʾi-ł-dzis 'You find him(/her/it)(!)' Source forms: cûʟ sûs e, n hûʟ sûs, dō dûl sûs he, dō yaʟ sûs, yaᵋʟ sûs, ûc san ne, ī sa nī, ûs sañ, ûs san, ûs sa nē, dō haᵋ ûs san, nûs sañ hītʼ, ûʟ sąñ, tsʼûʟ san, sʼûʟ sañ, tsʼûʟ sąn, tsʼûʟ san kwąn, dō haᵋ tsʼûʟ san, tcʼûʟ sąn, sᵋûʟ sañ, nō tcʼōʟ sąñ ûñ, yiʟ sąñ kwąñ, dûl san it, n dûl sañ hītʼ, ōʟ sąñ, ōʟ san ne, dō aᵋ tcʼōʟ sąn jaᵋ ûʟ sąñ cûʟ sûs e, ī sa nit, ûs san ne+, ûs sani, ûs san kwic, ûn ûʟ sañ ûʟ sûñ ûñ, sûʟ sañ, sûʟ sûn, tcûʟ sûn ya ni ñ ge, yiʟ san kwan, na ka ic kītc yiʟ sañ ñ ge, (ûn) yaʟ sûñ, yaʟ sa ni kwá niñ, no hin dûl sa ne, dûl sa nī́, na ka dûl san, e dûl sañ|ñ ge|, ōʾʟ sûñ, ōʟ sûñ ûñ oo..lhsis/saan vt see/catch sight of O