Cahto - English


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√0rt(default verb root)Several times in the Cahto corpus, at least three times in Goddard's Bill Ray materials, and once in Loeb's materials from Martina and Lucy Ray, verb forms occur without an explicit root. In each case, the prefix strings are specific enough to carry the lexical meaning and predict the missing root.Source forms: de tûc tē lit, dō na hûc tē lea nin, de tûc tē litaninteleaa-(nin)..0vibe thusnaahi-(s)..0vigo back home
0-1v2-subjectpfx1it, they; he/sherelatively low animacysim.tcʾ-3human subject9.2.3Pronounsder.isdiiyaangold2it, them; him/herrelatively low animacy9.2.3Pronouns0-0-0-0-0-Source forms:
0-2v3-modepfx0-modeimperfective and other non-perfective modes; rarely marks the perfective, too, as in the "find" verbs.Source forms: (0)..lsis/saanvtfind/see O(0)..lhsis/saanvtfind/see Oaa-(0)..leegh/laagh1vido thusP-aa-(0)..nii/nvimake the sound Paa-(0)..nii/nvtsay thusP-ee-(0)..lʾaiʾvttry Pkish-(0)..naavipl. run awaynaa-(0)..lhnaavtexamine O medicallynaa-(0)..lhsis/saanvtfind Ooo-(0)..tsʾis/tsʾaanvthear Xsko-(0)..loo/looʾvipretend
0-3v1-classifierpfx0-classifier9.2.9.1Verb affixes0zero-class "(without apparent classifier)"Source forms: 0
(0)..lsis/saanvt1see O2.3.1See2find O, happen to find Oin a less active sense than (0)..lhsis/saan7.6.2Findperf. 2sg.+ 3 obj.ilsaanyou (sg.) saw itder. of0-20-model-l-classifier√SIS/SAANfind/seeSource forms: ûl san
(0)..lhsis/saanvt1find OLhoonʾtcgheeʾneestc taakʾ sʾilhsaang yaaʾnii.He found three deer mice, they say.GT04 3.2"Shdjiiʾ-noolsʾid-ee taakʾ shloo iisaan-ii,""I am glad because I found my three dogs."GT04 3.4"Jaaʾ, tishkeeʾ," doohaaʾ kweeʾ tcʾilhsaan-kwan yaaʾnii ."Well!, let me track them." He did not find their tracks, they say.GT07 6.1"Noonii kweeʾ ishsaan-ee," tcʾin yaaʾnii."But I found grizzly tracks," he said, they say.GT07 7.2Doo-yaalhsis yaaʾnii.They did not find them, they say.GT08 30.13Toonai uusingʾ yiilhsaan yaaʾnii.They found the fish meat, they say.GT10 8.3Tcʾteesyaa yaaʾnii, lhaaʾhaaʾ tcʾilhsaan yaaʾnii, lhooʾyaashgai.He went on, they say, and found one trout, they say.GT25 2.107.6.2Find2see O, catch sight of O"Doo-dilsis-hee.""We did not see it."GT08 13.1"Yooʾoong lhit ilhsaang?"You see the smoke way over there."GT10 60.2"Heuʾ, lhit isaan-ee.""Yes, I saw the smoke."GT10 61.1Doo-daanshooʾ shilhsis-ee.Nobody can see me.GT30 5.52.3.1Seeperf. 1pl.+ 3 obj.dilsaanwe found itimpf. 1pl.+ 3 obj.dilsiswe find itperf. 2sg.+ 3 obj.ilhsaanyou (sg.) find itperf. 1sg.+ 3 obj.isaanI found itperf. 1pl.+ 3 obj.iidilsaanwe found itperf. 1sg.+ 3 obj.iisaanI find itperf. 1pl.+ 2sg. obj.ndilsaanwe saw you (sg.)impf. 3+ 2pl. obj.nhilhsisthey see you (pl.)perf. 1sg.+ 2sg. obj.nisaanI found youperf. 3anim.+ 1pl. obj.nohtcʾolhsaanhe saw usperf. 2pl.olhsaanyou (pl.) found/saw itimpf. 3+ 1sg. obj.shilhsisthey see meperf. 3anim.+ 3 obj.tcʾilhsaanhe/she found itopt. 3anim.+ 3 obj.tcʾolhsaanlet him find itimpf. 3anim.dist.yaaʾlhsisthey find itperf. 3dist.+ 3 obj.yaalhsaanthey found itimpf. 3dist.+ 3 obj.yaalhsisthey see itperf. 3obv.+ 3 obj.yiilhsaanhe/they found it3obv.yiilhsaander. of0-20-modelh-1lh-classifier√SIS/SAANfind/see(win)..lhtsis, tsa:n O-ł-tsis/tsa:n "see O"ʾi-ł-dzis 'You find him(/her/it)(!)'Source forms: cûʟ sûs e, n hûʟ sûs, dō dûl sûs he, dō yaʟ sûs, yaᵋʟ sûs, ûc san ne, ī sa nī, ûs sañ, ûs san, ûs sa nē, dō haᵋ ûs san, nûs sañ hītʼ, ûʟ sąñ, tsʼûʟ san, sʼûʟ sañ, tsʼûʟ sąn, tsʼûʟ san kwąn, dō haᵋ tsʼûʟ san, tcʼûʟ sąn, sᵋûʟ sañ, nō tcʼōʟ sąñ ûñ, yiʟ sąñ kwąñ, dûl san it, n dûl sañ hītʼ, ōʟ sąñ, ōʟ san ne, dō aᵋ tcʼōʟ sąn jaᵋûʟ sąñcûʟ sûs e, ī sa nit, ûs san ne+, ûs sani, ûs san kwic, ûn ûʟ sañ ûʟ sûñ ûñ, sûʟ sañ, sûʟ sûn, tcûʟ sûn ya ni ñ ge, yiʟ san kwan, na ka ic kītc yiʟ sañ ñ ge, (ûn) yaʟ sûñ, yaʟ sa ni kwá niñ, no hin dûl sa ne, dûl sa nī́, na ka dûl san, e dûl sañ|ñ ge|, ōʾʟ sûñ, ōʟ sûñ ûñoo..lhsis/saanvtsee/catch sight of O