Cahto - English


d


d-1v6-thematic/adverbialpfxd-qualifier<daah-d-(ghin)..___>vprefixsetup<dee-d-(ghin)..____>vprefixsetinto fire-dilkʾisnsuffixcrackling/dry (grass)dilniikʾn awhistle (n)d..lbaivdbe grayd..lkaanvdbe sweet-tastingd..lsowvdbe brownd..nii/niiʾ/niilhvtsayd..nkʾootcʾvdbe sour/saltyd-(n)..tcʾaatvdbe sickd-(s)..lighviburn/be burning in appearancenaatgeetn athunder (n)t-(ghin)..gish/geetcʾvdbe thick (of clouds)tighaatn aacorn flourti-(s)..tbilh/biilʾvirain
d-2v1-classifierpfxd-classifierP-aa-(nin)..tʾiin/ʾiinʾvido thus/Pbiiʾ-noo..ghitlheekʾvpbe soakedchʾ..tjolvsbe a whistling sounddaang1n apinoleP-ee-(ghin)..ttʾeeghvtP to be taughtee..tgaivdbecome whitegoshn ared osier dogwood..ghidditsvpbe twisted(ghin)..tghaatvdbe moldy (acorns)..ghitlhitvpbe blackened (with soot)..ghitchʾaanvpbe shot*kʾeehtningpostpadvafter this, afterwardP-kʾit..tghaalhvipl keep dyingltvp1cll-d classifiernaahi-(s)..daash/tyaavisg. go back home naahi-(s)..lhtkatvipl. go back<naa-n-(ghin)..d____>vprefixsetcoming homenaa-(nin)..ldkatvipl. come backnaa-(s)..tgish/geetcʾvilook aroundninʾ-(s)..dikʾeeʾviget up get up from the groundtaadisitn areceding tide..taanvteat (3sg)..tbiinvdbe sharp/pointed..tbooshvdbe roundteetbiilʾ1viraintkaashchown apelicantkʾaann amountain ridge..tyaatsvisnow (v)tyiiningn adoctor*TʾIINrtdo thustsʾintsiiʾadvhead downhill
√DAIrtbe exhaustedtcʾoo..daivigive out
*daiʾpostpoutside of P9.2.4Prepositions, postpositions8.5.1.4.1Out, outsideuudaiʾ1outside of it; outsidebilhdaiʾn aentranceuudaiʾ2advoutside/outdoors
daiʾ-ghilkʾaangadvoutdoor fireplacesim.biiʾlitfireplacekolit-dinfireplace, fire pitkwongʾdingfireplace/fire pit5.5.7Fireplaceder. of*daiʾoutside of Pgh..lkʾaanfire to be builtfire built outside
daiʾiin aghost, "those outside"syntcʾinding 3ghostsim.daiʾ-kiiyaahaang 1Outside Peoplerel.ching bilhnaachʾilhnaaʾstick used in curing by ghosthaiyaantcʾinʾover here!Tyiining-bilh-BeeʾaatʾeehDoctor School4.9.2Legendary beingder. of*daiʾoutside of P-yiiplural suffix
daiʾ-kiiyaahaangn a1Outside People, Little People Beings, Dwarf Spirits, Alienssim.daiʾiighostrel.chʾghaalyiishdreamerkeeʾaatʾeehboys' elementary schoolnaachʾilhnaa 1curing fright sickness4.9.2Legendary being2Ghosts4.9.2Legendary beingcomp. of*daiʾoutside of P-kiiyaahaangtribe
daihiidilhtiinthey took/claimed itperf.3obv.+ 3 obj.daah-(ghin)..dlhtish/tiintake/claim animate O
*dakʾpostpup P, on top of P8.6.2Top9.2.4Prepositions, postpositionskwdakʾon top of it*siiʾdakʾpostpover P's headToodjaangkwʾidahn aAlbion River
√DAKʾrt1eastsynknaaeast/uphill2obsouphill*daaʾangdirectfrom the east/downhilldaah-kiiyaahaangn aeastern tribeDaahkwn aRound Valley Yuki Tribediidakʾdirecteasthaidakʾdirecteast, upIidaahkwn aWailaki Tribeiidaakiin atwisting cord down the thighyiidakʾdirecteast
danteeshaan-mang1interwhat will it be?9.2.3.4Question wordscomp. ofdaan-daan-wh interrogative prefixtee--shaangwonder wh interrogative suffix=bang2will/must
danteeshaan-mang2interhow will it be?9.2.3.4Question wordsdantʾeeshaan-mangder. of*(daantʾee)how is it?-shaangwonder wh interrogative suffix=bang2will/mustcfdaantiishaan-mangwhat will be?
danteeshooʾ-kwoshitbecause, I suppose something is wrongvar. ofdaanteeshooʾsomethingbecause I suppose something is wrong
dantʾeeshaan-mangunspec. var. ofdanteeshaan-mang2how will it be?
dantʾeeshooʾdemsomething is wrong8.3.7.7.1Wrong, unsuitableder. ofdaan-daan-wh interrogative prefix√TʾEE2be thus-shooʾunusual wh-interrogative suffix
dathiiyaajiiwhat is the matter?var. ofdaahtyaajiiwhy?/what is the matter?
√DAA1rtto sit, remainbiiʾ-s..daavisit in itchin-chʾidaan astumpgh..daavistayn-(s)..daavisit downs..daavisit (sg)yeehdaadinadvby the door
√DAA2MOM, perf.MOMperf.√DAASH/DAArun/jump
√DAA3rtmouth*daaʾn ianmouth*daabaateeʾn ialip(s)daatcaahaaln acoho salmondaatciishiin adoorway
daa-1intprefixhow?, why?, what?9.4.3.3Interrogative daaʾoneeshʾanginterwhat will happen?daaʾtyaashaanginterdemonwhat is the matter?daahtyaajiiinterwhy?/what is the matter?daahtyaashaanginterwhat is the matter?daalhʾinjiiinterwhy?daanlhaangjiiinterhow many?daanteeshooʾpronvisomethingdaasiitsadvsometime/soondaashtʾiinjiiinterwhy does it do that?daashtyaashooʾdeeʾinterif anything is wrongdaatʾiinshooʾadjvery baddaatiishaanangʾinterwhat will be?daayaaʾnjiiinterwhat did they say?daayaaʾtʾiingeeinterwhat did they do?
daa-2v11-adverbialpfx1up onto a surface; up above ground8.5.2.4Up1.1v11-adverbialpfxtaking up, putting up1.2v11-adverbialpfxthrowing up1.3v11-adverbialpfxgoing upchin-daasitsn atanbark oakkongʾkʾitdaan asootneeʾkwʾitdaaadvbank (of river/creek)
daaʾdirectup8.5.2.4Updiidakdirectup/north*siiʾdaaʾn iacrown of head
*daaʾ1n iamouth2.1.1.4Mouth2n ialip2.1.1.4Mouth3n iabeak, bill1.6.2.1Parts of a bird4n iavoicesim.*ghiitcʾ 2voice3.5.1.1Voice5n iacrying3.5.6.5Cry, tear6n iaopening7.3.6Open7ndoorway6.5.2.4Doorchʾdaaʾmouth (something's mouth)kashdaaʾtheir mouthskwdaaʾhis mouthkwdaaʾ-biiʾin his mouthndaaʾyour (sg.) mouthnohdaaʾyour (pl.) mouth(s)shdaaʾmy mouthuudaaʾits mouthuudaaʾ-biiʾin its mouthder. of√DAA3mouth-eeʾPOSS suffixchʾilhsidii-daaʾneeschown aCalifornia thrasherlhooʾyaash-daabaanchown aHumboldt suckerdaaʾnteeliichown agoose
daaʾ chʾilhtʾootn akissing4.1.8Show affectioncomp. of*daaʾmouthchʾ-(s)..lhtʾoot/tʾootʾsuck=iNRsucking the mouth
daaʾ nshoongn asmile3.5.6.3Facial expressioncomp. of*daaʾmouthn..shoonbe goodpretty mouth