Cahto - English


sh


shaa tcʾeenoonyain aafternoon"The day was divided as follows:
ᴛe ha, early in the morning
ᴛe tanet, late in the morning
djiñhit, midday
ca cenonyai, afternoon (sundown)
uʟgulit, getting dark
ca kulgeʟ, night (dark)" (Loeb, p.20)
8.4.1.2.3Time of the day
comp. ofshaa1 1suntcʾee-noo-(nin)..yaash/yaasg. come out to a limit=iNRshaa tcʾee-noo-n-(nin)..yaash/yaasun to come out to a limitsun has come out to a limitSource forms: ca cenonyai
shaa tlʾeeʾnaaghain amoonsynnaaghai 1moonshaa1 2moonShtcghiitcinGrandfather Moon (address)ShtcooGrandmother Moon (address)tlʾeeʾnaaghaimoon1.1.1.1Mooncomp. ofshaa1moon/suntlʾeeʾnightnaaghaimoonnight-wandering sun/moonSource forms: catĕnaɡai
shaa yaa-n-(ghin)..yaash/yaavisun to rise, sun to go upantshaa kʾee-n-(nin)..yaash/yaasun go down1.1.1Sunder. ofshaa1moon/sunyaa-(ghin)..yaash/yaarise (of heavenly body)naaghai yaanyai: Nah-gā yanh'-yā 'Sunrise' [SS-M]Source forms: ca yan yaishaa-yaanyain asunrise
shaa yaash ʾingaan-een a1new moon, "moon new born""The new moon was called ca yaic uñane (moon new born). The people prayed at the time of a new moon: 'In the same way as you have come back again, so may my life return with you'; literally, kea naic melca kuc na naic melca dja, behind-you come-back-again I-must life-my come-back-again I-must yes.
At the time of a new moon in winter, a special prayer and ceremony were held. The rite was called tje kwa toc (pitch give blazing). Boys and girls went out of doors and threw blazing pitch at the new moon as it rose. They prayed at the same time, natai konk natabund, blazing fire carrying. The people wished to give the new moon fire, so that the month would be warm. Only boys and girls who had been born in the warm summer months were allowed to participate in this ceremony.
The first of every month, that is, at the time of a new moon, there was a rest period of four days. These days were considered unlucky. At the beginning of the period the chief went around the village and called out 'nailyic, nailyic' (rest, rest). During this time the people were not allowed to hunt, fish, or gather food. They lay around and patched up twine and buckskin. They ate, rested, gambled, and danced if they wished. There was no taboo on sexual intercourse." (Loeb, p.21)
whnaaghai 2moon phasesynshaa ʾingaang-kwaangnew moon1.1.1.1Moon
2first 4-day "week", "new born moon" periodfirst (of six) four to five day week-like division of the Cahto lunar month, this one a four-day rest period at the start of the month;
"The month was divided according to the phases of the moon:
nagai kinyane, traveler grown, first quarter
nagai seundie, traveler old getting, second quarter
nagai cunas late, traveler floating together, full moon
nagai begutele, traveler going to die, third quarter
nagai ca betene, traveler moon dead now, last quarter
The new moon was called ca yaic un.ane (moon new born)." (Loeb, pp.20-21)
8.4.1.3Week
comp. ofshaa1 2moonn-ghin..yaan2become born=yeeeyewitness evidential affirmativemoon young bornSource forms: ca yaic uñane
√SHAAʾMOMopt.1sg.√YAA.sg. goSource forms: -caᵋ
shaaʾaatmy older sister1sg. poss. of*aatolder sisterSource forms: s͡há‑atat
shaa-baatsʾeeʾn ahalo, ring around the sun or moon22° haloShaa-baatsʾeeʾ yiistciin.It made a ring around the sun.II. Creation, fieldnotes1.1.1.1Moon8.3.3.3.4Colors of the spectrum1.1.1Suncomp. ofshaa1moon/sunbaatsʾeeʾhoop/ringSource forms: ca ba tse
√SHAAGHrtcatch with a hookžəˀqˀ, žəˀx̥łʃaːʁ, ʃaˑʁ-łwha:ł-xał, -xal, -xal, -xał "to catch by hooking (zero)"Source forms: -caʽ(ghis)..shaaghvtcatch with a hook
shaahnaaʾn acreekLong V. Cr.Shaahnaaʾ teehsʾiskʾaan yaaʾnii, tooʾaah-bang; (shaa-baatsʾeeʾ yiistciinʾ).He made a fire in the creek to make mist, they say; (it made a halo around the sun.)GT02a 6.6Uuyaashtc shaahnaaʾ tcʾtghilhtalh yaaʾnii.He made small creeks dragging along his foot, they say.GT02b 27.6Too shaahnaaʾ taaghiinan yaaʾnii.He drank some creek water, they say.GT02b 34.14Shaahnaaʾ neeʾ naaʾaanghilhtalh yaaʾnii.He dragged his foot on the ground (to make) creeks, they say.GT02b 35.5Dilaantc taaghilhghaalʾ yaaʾnii, shaahnaaʾ.He threw salamanders into the water, they say, into creeks.GT02b 36.1"Shaahnaaʾ dii-biiʾ gees hiiheendilh-banjaaʾ," tcʾin yaaʾnii."Let black salmon come into this creek," he said, they say.GT02b 36.5"Too nchaah-bang," tcʾin yaaʾnii, " shaahnaaʾ.""Let the water be big in the creek," he said, they say.GT02b 39.2"Dii kwot waantʾaaʾ uuyaashtc shaahnaaʾ toonai hiiheendilh-banjaaʾ," tcʾin yaaʾnii."Let fish come into some of these small creeks and streams," he said, they say.GT02b 39.3Shaahnaaʾ kwʾittcʾghinyai-kwaan yaaʾnii.He (the baby) had gone down to the stream, they say.GT08 30.1Neesding yooʾoong shaahnaaʾ nchaagh naaninyaa-kwaan yaaʾnii.Far over there he had crossed a large creek, they say.GT08 30.5Shaahnaaʾ too istim-manjaaʾ.Let the water in creeks be cold.GT08 45.2"Shaahnaaʾ naaniidilh.""Let's cross the creek.GT10 64.1synkwotsmall stream1.3.1.3Riverpl.shaahnaaʾ-taahcreeksʃʷəχ-(t)naʼ ? (cf. Koyukon: səxno'; Deg Xinag: srixno', creek; Lower Tanana: shrəxno'; 'side stream')shaahahnaa': Shah'-hah-nah' [SS-M]Source forms: caʽ naᵋcaʽ naᵋca na, ca a nacāᵋnaʿtʿāshah´-nah, Shă´-nahca na...
Shaahnaaʾn aTen Mile Creek, "Long Valley Creek""Long Valley Creek" (Merriam)whTlʾoh-kiiyaahaang 1Long Valley band9.7.2.10.04Long Valley area9.7.2.09Names of riversder. ofshaahnaaʾcreekthe creekSource forms: shah´-nah
shaahnaaʾtcn acreek1.3.1.3RiverSource forms: ca natc
shaahnaaʾyaashtcn alittle creekShaahnaaʾyaashtc naaʾinghilhʾaaʾ-kwaan yaaʾnii.He had made a weir in a small creek, they say.GT08 9.81.3.1.3Riverder. ofshaahnaaʾcreek-yaashtcdiminutive (small&young)Source forms: caʽ naᵋ yactsca na yacts
shaakeeʾtn ashade8.3.3Light8.3.3.2.1Shadowunspec. var.shaakittʃả(N)ː=qʊ-s-|ʔỉːχ 'shade'tʃaː-qu-ʔiːχ, tʃaː-qu-ʔiːχ-txahxe'eh (or xuxhe'eh) "shade, shadow"tcaakeek: Chah-kek' 'Shade' [SS-M]cf*eeshaakeet-eeʾshadowSource forms: ca k!ait, ca ketShah´-kit*eeshaakeet-eeʾn iashadowtcaakeetn abrush house (brush roof, no walls)
shaakeetdial. var. oftcaakeetbrush house (brush roof, no walls)
shaakitunspec. var. ofshaakeeʾtshade
shaa-kʾeenyaiadvsunsetantshaa-yaanyaisunrise8.4.1.2.3Time of the dayder. ofshaa1moon/sunkʾee-n-(nin)..yaash/yaaheavenly body to go down=iNRnaaghai k'eenyai: Nah-gā ken'-yā 'Sunset' [SS-M]Source forms: ca kʼeñ yaica ken yai´ca ken ya ye
√SHAALHMOMprog.1sg.√YAA.sg. goSource forms: -caʟ
shaandiinperf.3shaa-n..diinsun to shine
shaa-n..diinvisun to shine"Shaa-ndiin-manjaaʾ,"Let there be sunshine!"GT04 9.51.1.1Sunperf. 3shaandiinperf. 3shaa-ndiin2the sun shinesder. ofshaa1moon/sunn..diinshinecan dī mûñ djaᵋ, cûn dī necûn dī necûn dī mûn gya, can dī mûn da/kya
shaa-ndiin1n adaylight, sunshine8.3.3Light1.1.1Suncomp. ofshaa1 1sun=iNRshaa-n..diinsun to shineSource forms: cûn dī ne, can dī mûn djaᵋcan dī^n, can dī mûn daᵋ
Shaaneeschown aDecember/January, "Big Long Month"4th month (Goddard, APS43Cahto2 p.28; Loeb), beginning with the early-Winter new moon; "December" (Loeb), "February" (Essene)Kai-hit, ghintʾanʾkʾit, Laasheeʾlhgaitc, Geesnaaʾ, Shaaneeschow, Yiinaading-Kwolkitchow, Chiilhtciik, Tʾanʾlhtik, Tlʾoh-Dilkʾis, daangʾ ghindaanit, shiin-lhʾat, Naaghitlhit-it, tcʾninyai.Wintertime, in the Fall -- Buckeyes White month, Salmon Eye month, Big Long Month, Slippery Doorway month, Red Stick month, Leaves Burth month, Brown Grass month -- when it had already become spring, mid-summer, Burnt Around month, he arrived.GT08 47.3whkai-hitwinter seasonsynTcaangʾnainilhyiichow4-December/January "Big Eats Up Excrement"Yiinaading-Kwolhkitchow4-December/January "Slippery Doorway"8.4.1.4.1Months of the yearder. ofshaa1 3month-neeslong (adjectival)-chowaugmentativeSource forms: ca nes tcōca nes tcōcanĕctcoca nes tcōca nes tco
shaaniiadvonlyToo shaanii haakwdangʾ, tsʾisnooʾ ndooʾ yaaʾnii.There was only water then, there were no mountains, they say.GT01 1.4"Daalhʾinjii iintcʾeeʾ shaanii chʾinyaan-ʾangkwaan?""What are you doing? have you eaten nothing but venison?"GT10 35.1Hai shanii naaʾchʾilkʾitʾ-ikʾang.Only that one will go along having sex,Lo26 3.1sim.=haaʾjust, only8.1.5.7Onlyvar.shaniider. ofshaang2only=iNRʒaˑ(ŋʸ) 'only, just, even'ʃaːniː, ʃanwha:ne "just, only, alone"shaanii, shangSource forms: ca nīca nīca nīcuni