Search results for "hʷaɗik"

hʷaɗik n. earth terre (12 groups, 24 languages) C
The basic meaning of this root is the soil or earth that the ground is made from. The evidence for *hʷ rather than *h comes from Cuvok, Mbuko and Lamang. In Cuvok the *h component has been lost, resulting in /w/. In Mbuko the labialisation is reanalysed as the labialisation prosody, and in Lamang it has resulted in /o/. These are common sporadic processes. In several languages the *ɗ and *i have fused, resulting in *j. In the Kilba the result is /ʔʲ/. In Kamwe-Futu and Bana the *i has caused the palatalisation of the *h. *k has been lost in all groups except for the Daba, Mafa and Hurza, which is not a regular process. The final /k/ in Hdi is a frozen suffix, and not a reflex of *k. The *i has direct support from the Margi, Lamang and Higi groups.

1Proto-Daba *hajak earth terre 1.1) Buwal (Viljoen) hɑjɑk ground, land sol 1.1.1) Buwal (Viljoen) hɑjɑk dirt, soil sol 1.1.2) Buwal (Viljoen) hɑjɑk country, ethnic area pays 1.2) Gavar (Viljoen) hɑjɑk dirt, soil terre 1.2.1) Gavar (Viljoen) hɑjɑk ground, land sol 1.2.2) Gavar (Viljoen) hɑjɑk country, ethnic area pays 1.3) Mbudum (Ndokobaï) hajak dirt, soil terre, sol 1.3.1) Mbudum (Ndokobaï) hajak ground, land terre 1.4) Daba (Lienhard) hàjə̄k ʼ la terre, le pays

2Proto-Mafa *wɨjak earth terre 2.1) Cuvok (Gravina) ujak terre

3Proto-Tera *ɣaj earth terre 3.1) Tera (Newman) ɣaj earth 3.1.1) Tera (Newman) ɣaj ground 3.1.2) Tera (Newman) ɣaj town 3.2) Nyimatli (Harley) ɣai dirt, soil

4Proto-Sukur *haɗ earth terre 4.1) Sukur (Thomas) haɗ ground

5Proto-Hurza *hʷigaj earth terre 5.1) Mbuko (Gravina) jugo earth la terre 5.2) Vame (Kinnaird) hígàj ground ; earth sol ; terre

6Proto-Margi *hɨɗi earth terre 6.1) Bura (Blench) hi Earth, soil, dirt 6.2) Kilba (Schuh) həʼi earth 6.2.1) Kilba (Schuh) həʼi land

7Proto-Mandara *haja earth terre 7.1) Mandara (Fluckiger) háhá terre (f) 7.2) Malgwa (Löhr) haha earth, soil, ground 7.3) Dghwede (Frick) xaja earth

8Proto-Mofu *ahɨɗ earth terre 8.1) Zulgo (Haller) àhə̀ɗ terre f., sol m.

9Proto-Maroua *haj earth terre 9.1) Mbazla (Tourneux) haj terre

10Proto-Lamang *hʷaɗi earth terre 10.1) Lamang (Wolff) hoɗo ground, earth 10.2) Hdi (Bramlett) haɗik soil, earth la terre

11Proto-Higi *hɨɗi earth terre 11.1) Kamwe-Futu (Harley) hjiɗi ground; land; earth 11.2) Kirya (Blench) hàhàj soil 11.3) Psikye (Angelo) xeɗí dirt, earth, ground 11.4) Bana (Lienhard) xjìɗì terre, pays

12Proto-Musgum *jahaj earth terre 12.1) Mbara (Tourneux) jahaj earth terre
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