Search results for "tira"

kɨja nm. moon lune (7 groups, 23 languages) A syn: tira.
The basic sense of this root is 'moon', but it has the extended sense 'month' i.e. a period of time, in almost all languages. This is one of two roots for 'moon', with *tira being used widely across Chadic languages. The *k is realised as *h in Proto-Margi, an unestablished change, and also in Zina where this is a regular change. In some Mofu group languages the *j has triggered the creation of the palatalisation prosody, which is a common sporadic process.

1Proto-Mafa *kɨja moon lune 1.1) Mafa (Barreteau) kija lune 1.2) Cuvok (Gravina) kija moon lune 1.2.1) Cuvok (Gravina) kija month mois

2Proto-Hurza *kɨja moon lune 2.1) Mbuko (Gravina) kija moon; month lune; mois 2.2) Vame (Kinnaird) kíjāhkē moon lune ; mois

3Proto-Margi *hja moon lune 3.1) Margi (Hoffman) hja moon, month 3.2) Margi South (Harley) hja moon 3.3) Kilba (Schuh) hja moon, month

4Proto-Mofu *kɨja moon lune 4.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) kʷìjò moon lune 4.1.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) kʷìjò month mois 4.2) Muyang (Smith) kiji moon ; month lune; mois 4.3) Mada (Nkoumou) màwɮàr já kja clarté de la lune 4.4) Moloko (Friesen) kəja moon lune 4.4.1) Moloko (Friesen) kəja month mois 4.5) Zulgo (Haller) kije lune f. 4.5.1) Zulgo (Haller) kije mois m. 4.6) Gemzek (Sabatai) kije month mois 4.6.1) Gemzek (Sabatai) kije moon lune 4.7) Merey (Gravina) kije month mois; lune 4.8) Dugwor (Jubumna) kija moon; month lune; mois 4.9) Mofu North (Barreteau) kija lune, mois 4.10) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) kijá lune 4.10.1) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) kijá mois (lunaire) 4.10.2) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) kijá saison

5Proto-Maroua *kɨja moon lune 5.1) Giziga Moutourwa (Michielan) kija lune, mois 5.1.1) Giziga Moutourwa (Michielan) kija début saison des pluies (IV-I) 5.1.2) Giziga Moutourwa (Michielan) kija 5.2) Giziga Marva (Hamidou) kija moon lune 5.2.1) Giziga Marva (Hamidou) kija month mois 5.3) Mbazla (SILSurvey) kíjáh moon lune 5.3.1) Mbazla (Tourneux) kija lune

6Proto-Kotoko Island *kɨja moon lune 6.1) Buduma (McKone) kija mois, nouvelle lune. 6.2) Buduma (McKone) kija; kija hə bohu month mois

7Proto-Kotoko South *kɨja moon lune 7.1) Zina (Odden) hìjà moon lune 7.1.1) Zina (Odden) hìjà month mois 7.2) Mazera (Allison) kija moon lune
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tira nm. moon lune (10 groups, 31 languages) A syn: kɨja.
This root is the original Proto-Central Chadic root, and goes back at least as far as Proto-Chadic. There is a regular change *r→l in the North sub-branch, though here Proto-Higi has *r, and Proto-Kotoko North and Proto-Kotoko Centre have *ɗ. It is expected that Sukur has /r/, but this is not the case. Evidence for *i comes from the three groups where *i exists as a phoneme, i.e. the Mandara, Lamang and Higi groups. In Glavda, *i has been reanalysed as the palatalisation of *t. There is a regular process in Glavda where palatalised alveolar consonants become palatalised velar consonants, and this explains the presence of /kʲ/. The change *t→k in Muskum is regular.

1Proto-Daba *tɨra moon lune 1.1) Buwal (Viljoen) ŋtərɑ moon lune 1.1.1) Buwal (Viljoen) ŋtərɑ month mois 1.2) Gavar (Viljoen) ŋtrɑ moon lune 1.2.1) Gavar (Viljoen) ŋtrɑ month 1.3) Mbudum (Ndokobaï) ntəra month mois 1.3.1) Mbudum (Ndokobaï) ntra moon lune 1.4) Daba (Lienhard) tə̀rà la lune, le mois 1.5) MazagwayHidi (Noussi) təra lune

2Proto-Tera *tera moon lune 2.1) Tera (Newman) tera moon 2.1.1) Tera (Newman) tera month 2.2) Nyimatli (Harley) tʃere month 2.2.1) Nyimatli (Harley) tʃera moon 2.3) Hwana (Harley) ⁿdɾé moon/month

3Proto-Sukur *tja moon lune 3.1) Sukur (David) teja moon, month (lunar) 3.2) Sukur (David) teja month (lunar), moon 3.3) Sukur (Thomas) tja moon; the round object that moves around the earth once 271/2 days and shines at night by light reflect fron the sun.

4Proto-Mandara *tila moon lune 4.1) Matal (Branger) təla moon lune 4.2) Podoko (Swackhammer) tərá,-a 1 lune 4.2.1) Podoko (Swackhammer) tərá,-a 2 mois 4.3) Mandara (Fluckiger) téré lune (f), mois (m) 4.4) Malgwa (Löhr) təre moon 4.4.1) Malgwa (Löhr) təre month 4.5) Glavda (Owens) kjí moon 4.5.1) Glavda (Owens) kji month, moon 4.5.2) Glavda (Nghagyiva) kʲla month 4.5.3) Glavda (Nghagyiva) kʲla moon 4.6) Dghwede (Frick) tile moon

5Proto-Lamang *tila moon lune 5.1) Lamang (Wolff) tə́ré moon 5.1.1) Lamang (Wolff) tré moon 5.1.2) Lamang (Wolff) tə́r moon, month 5.2) Hdi (Bramlett) tili moon la lune

6Proto-Higi *tɨri moon lune 6.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) tərə̊ moon 6.2) Kamwe-Futu (Harley) təro month 6.2.1) Kamwe-Futu (Harley) təro moon 6.2.2) Kamwe-Futu (Harley) təro full moon 6.3) Kirya (Blench) tə́ɽí moon, month 6.4) Psikye (Angelo) trə́ moon 6.5) Bana (Lienhard) tír lune, mois

7Proto-Kotoko North *teɗɨ moon lune 7.1) Afade (Allison) deɗi moon lune 7.2) Mpade (Allison) téɗɨ moon lune 7.2.1) Mpade (Allison) téɗɨ month mois 7.3) Malgbe (Allison) teɗɨ moon lune 7.3.1) Malgbe (Allison) teɗɨ month mois

8Proto-Kotoko Centre *teɗɨ moon lune 8.1) Lagwan (Allison) teɗi moon lune 8.1.1) Lagwan (Allison) teɗi month mois 8.2) Mser (Allison) teɗɨ (tɨɗ) moon lune 8.2.1) Mser (Allison) teɗɨ month mois

9Proto-Musgum *tɨla ʸ moon lune 9.1) Vulum (Tourneux) tle lune 9.2) Mbara (Tourneux) tile moon lune 9.3) Muskum (Tourneux) kile lune

10Proto-Gidar *tɨla moon lune 10.1) Gidar (Hungerford) tɨla lune, mois 10.2) Gidar (Schuh) təla/a lune 10.3) Gidar (Hungerford) tɨla lune, mois
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