4.6.1. Ruler

ᦀ ᦷᦉᧅᧈʔasook²nameAshoka the Great, king of India 268-232 B.C. [Note: Ashoka is remembered as an early convert to Buddhism, and one who promoted Buddhism by peaceful means.]ᦘ ᦍᦱ ᦀ ᦷᦉᧅᧈ ᦈᧁᧉ ᦑᦱᧃ ᦋᦱᧂᧉ ᦉᦱᧂᧉ ᦒᦱᧆ ᦗᧃ ᦷᦤᧂ.King Ashoka donated elephants to build a thousand monasteries.4.6.1Ruler4.9.7.5Buddhism
ᦀᦳ ᦔ ᦟᦱ ᦋᦱʔupalaa⁴caa⁴2000nounviceroy; a ruler of ancient Sipsongpanna, second to the kingᦎᦳᧃ1 2ᦘ ᦍᦱ ᦈᧁᧉ ᦷᦍᧅ ᦃᦹᧃᧉ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦀᦳ ᦔ ᦟᦱ ᦋᦱ ᦃᦳᧃ ᦅᧁᧉ.The king raised him to be the vice-king and chief noble.4.6.1Rulerᦟᦱ ᦋᦱ
ᦀᦳ ᦔ ᦟᦱᧆʔupalaat⁵nounviceroy; a ruler of ancient Sipsongpanna, second to the king4.6.1Ruler
ᦂᦱᧃᧈ ᦔᦴᧈkaan²puu²2000nouncadre; member of the Communist partyᦅᦳᧃ1 34.6.1.2Government officialChinese干部gan4bu4
ᦂᦸᧃᧈ ᦀᦸᧃkɔn²ʔɔn¹2000nounleaderᦙᧁᧉ ᦋᦴ ᦌᦲᧉ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦂᦸᧃᧈ ᦀᦸᧃ ᦂᦱᧃ ᦵᦅᦲᧉ ᦖᦲᧃᧈ.Chairman Mao was the leader of the revolution.ᦶᦏᧄ ᦶᦣᧂ ᦂᦸᧃᧈ ᦀᦸᧃ ᦍᧇ ᦂᦱᧃ ᦝᦱᧂᧉ ᦺᦝ.They increased the power of leaders to carry out fire prevention.ᦷᦎ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦓᦻ ᦂᦸᧃᧈ ᦀᦸᧃ ᦺᦓ ᦢᦱᧃᧉ ᦙᦱ ᦔᦱᧅ ᦎᦱᧃᧉ ᦑᧅ ᦷᦑᧂᧉ ᦐᦱᧉ ᦋᦳᧄᧈ ᦎᦱ ᦢᦱᧃ.The village leader came to greet us with a smile.4.6.1Ruler4.5.3.1Leadᦂᦸᧃᧈᦀᦸᧃᦷᦂᧅ ᦅᧁᧉ ᦂᦸᧃᧈ ᦀᦸᧃᦂᦸᧈ ᦅᧁᧉ ᦂᦸᧃᧈ ᦀᦸᧃᦕᦴᧉ ᦂᦸᧃᧈ ᦀᦸᧃᦖᦴᧈ ᦂᦸᧃᧈ ᦀᦸᧃ
ᦃᦱᧉ ᦺᦋᧉxaa³caj⁶1nounslaveᦙᦲ ᦓᧄᧉ ᦺᦣᧈ ᦡᦲᧃ ᦓᦱ ᦖᦹᧃᧈ ᦙᦴ ᧞ ᦃᦱᧉ ᦺᦋᧉ ᦖᦹᧃᧈ ᦅᦳᧃ.He had 10,000 mu of land and 10,000 slaves.ᦟᦴᧅ ᦵᦙ ᦣᧁ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦺᦋᧈ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦃᦱᧉ ᦺᦋᧉ ᦅᦳᧃ ᦵᦣᦲᧃ.Your wife and children are not your slaves.4.5.4.4Slave2nounroyal official; servants of a king4.6.1.2Government officialᦃᦱᧉ1ᦺᦋᧉ
ᦃᦱᧉ ᦷᦜᧂxaa³loŋ¹noungovernor; government official4.6.1.2Government officialᦃᦱᧉ1ᦷᦜᧂ
ᦵᦃᧀ ᦵᦙᦲᧂxɤj¹mɤŋ⁴nounson-in-law of a king, thus heir to the throne (literally: son-in-law of the land)ᦈᧅ ᦉᦴᧈ ᦃᧁᧉ ᦑᦳᧃ ᦧᦸᧃ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦵᦃᧀ ᦵᦙᦲᧂ.I will do the ceremony to make him my heir.ᦈᧅ ᦠᦱ ᦵᦃᧀ ᦵᦙᦲᧂ ᦶᦑᧃ ᦗᦸᧈ ᦡᧂᧈ ᦀᧃᧉ.He was looking for a 'son-in-law of the land' who would take his place.4.6.1.1King's familyᦵᦃᧀᦵᦙᦲᧂ
ᦃᦳᧃ2xun¹2000nounnoble person; nobility. [Note: There are three kinds of people in traditional Tai Lue society: ᦺᦘᧈ are commoners, ᦃᦳᧃ are nobles, and ᦑᦱᧁᧉ are royals.]ᦑᦱᧁᧉ 1ᦺᦘᧈ1ᦅᦳᧃ1 3ᦵᦍᦲᧄ ᦑᦹᧂ ᦺᦘᧈ ᧞ ᦃᦳᧃ.Both the commoners and the nobles were happy.“ᦈᧁᧉ ᦖᦸᧄᧈ ᦵᦋᧂ ᦣᦱ” ᦔᦲᧃ ᦃᦳᧃ ᦅᧁᧉ ᦶᦏᧆ ᦑᦱᧄ ᦈᧁᧉ.The Lord of Ceng Ha is the nobleman who is immediately under the king.4.6.1.1King's familyᦃᦳᧃ ᦵᦉᦲᧅᦃᦳᧃ ᦓᦻᦃᦳᧃ ᦵᦙᦲᧂᦃᦳᧃ ᦠᦱᧃᦈᧁᧉ ᦃᦳᧃᦑᦱᧁᧉ ᦃᦳᧃ
ᦃᦱᧃᧈ2xaan²nameHan dynasty, 206 BC-AD 2209.7.1.3Clan names4.6.1RulerChinesehan4
ᦃᦳᧃ ᦵᦙᦲᧂxun¹mɤŋ⁴noungovernment officialᦃᦳᧃ ᦵᦙᦲᧂ ᦋᦴᧈ ᦏᦱᧃᧉ.Officials at every level.4.6.1.2Government officialᦃᦳᧃ2ᦵᦙᦲᧂᦈᧁᧉ ᦢᦱᧃᧉ ᦃᦳᧃ ᦵᦙᦲᧂ
ᦃᦳᧃ ᦓᦻxun¹naaj⁴nounnoble person; nobilityᦅᧃ ᦃᦳᧃ ᦓᦻ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦡᦲ, ᦋᦱᧂᧈ ᦃᦲ ᦺᦈ ᦺᦘᧈ ᦵᦣᧆ ᦉᦱᧂᧉ.If the nobles are not good, it will discourage the commoners from working.4.6.1.1King's familyᦃᦳᧃ2ᦓᦻ1
ᦅᧁᧉkaw⁶5001nountrunk (as of a tree or the body); base; torso; stem; rootᦂᦸ 3ᦅᧁᧉ 5ᦟᧄ1 2ᦅᧁᧉ ᦂᦸ ᦺᦙᧉ.Trunk of a tree, stump of a tree.ᦅᧁᧉ ᦣᦱᧅ ᦕᦳᧄ.Hair roots.ᦅᧁᧉ ᦟᦲᧃᧉ.Root of the tongue.2.1.2Torso1.5.5Parts of a plant2nounchief; head; leaderᦅᦳᧃ1 3ᦅᧁᧉ ᦃᦱᧉ ᦵᦣᦲᧃ.The head slave.ᦵᦉ ᦓᦱ ᦁᦱ ᦙᦱᧆ ᦑᧂ ᦜᦻ ᦁᧃ ᦙᦲ ᦵᦉ ᦓᦱ ᦷᦓᧅ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦅᧁᧉ.The whole royal court, of which Courtier Nok was chief.4.6.1Ruler3nounbeginningᦅᧁᧉ 5ᦟᧁᧈ ᦆᦱᧁᧈ ᦶᦎᧈ ᦅᧁᧉ ᦏᦹᧂ ᦔᦻ.He told the story from beginning to end.8.4.6.1.1Beginning4adjectivefirst; chief; oldest; principalᦁᦱ ᦠᦱᧃ ᦅᧁᧉ.Staple food.ᦟᦴᧅ ᦍᦲᧂ ᦅᧁᧉ.Oldest daughter.ᦑᦱᧃᧈ ᦵᦛᧀᧈ ᦅᧁᧉ.The work unit that is in charge.8.4.6.5.2Old, not young8.4.5.1.2First5classifierclassifier for plants, trees, grassesᦅᧁᧉ ᦺᦐ ᦀᧁ ᦺᦞᧉ ᦐᦽᧈ ᦵᦡᧁ.Leave only one melon on each plant.ᦅᧁᧉ ᦺᦙᧉ ᦅᧁᧉ ᦺᦐ ᦅᧁᧉ ᦓᧃᧉ ᦠᦱᧅ ᦀᧁ ᦷᦣ ᦙᧆ ᦺᦞᧉ.Every tree had a cow tied to it.9.2.6.1Classifiersᦷᦂᧅ ᦅᧁᧉᦂᦸᧈ ᦅᧁᧉᦵᦃᧁᧉ ᦅᧁᧉᦅᧁᧉ ᦂᦱᧅᦅᧁᧉ ᦃ ᦶᦟᧉᦅᧁᧉ ᦵᦃᧁᧉᦅᧁᧉ ᦵᦄᦲᧅᦅᧁᧉ ᦅᧃᦅᧁᧉ ᦔ ᦏᦱᧃ ᦒᦱ ᦠᦱᧃᦅᧁᧉ ᦔᦻᦅᧁᧉ ᦗᦹᧃᦅᧁᧉ ᦺᦙᧉᦅᧁᧉ ᦞᧆᦅᧁᧉ ᦵᦠᧆᧈᦅᧁᧉ ᦠᦽᧉᦅᧁᧉ ᦣᦱᧅ ᦷᦠ ᦉᦱᧃᦆᦴ ᦅᧁᧉᦵᦉ ᦓᦱ ᦅᧁᧉᦉᦳᧃᧉ ᦅᧁᧉᦷᦎ ᦅᧁᧉᦎᧂᧉ ᦅᧁᧉᦐᧂ ᦉᦹ ᦅᧁᧉ ᦅᦸᧂᦵᦑᦲᧅ ᦅᧁᧉᦑᦱᧂ ᦅᧁᧉᦷᦓᧅ ᦅᧁᧉᦔ ᦏ ᦷᦙᧃᧉ ᦅᧁᧉ ᦷᦠ ᦒᦲᦗᦲᧈ ᦅᧁᧉᦗᦸᧈ ᦅᧁᧉ ᦶᦙᧈ ᦵᦡᦲᧄᦗᦹᧃ ᦅᧁᧉᦵᦞᧂ ᦅᧁᧉᦟᦴᧅ ᦅᧁᧉ
ᦅᦳᧃ ᦀᧁ ᦂᦱᧃkun⁴ʔaw¹kaan¹nounauthorities; people on duty; guardsᦙᦱ ᦏᦹᧂ ᦑᦲᧈ ᦀᦸᧅᧈ, ᦅᦳᧃ ᦀᧁ ᦂᦱᧃ ᦑᦲᧈ ᦠᧃᧉ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦙᦱ ᦌᦱᧉ ᦂᦱᧃᧉ ᦌᦱᧉ ᦂᦸ.When we got to the exit the authorities examined our documents.4.6.6.1Police4.6.1.2Government officialᦅᦳᧃ1ᦀᧁ ᦂᦱᧃ
ᦆ ᦉᧆxasat²ᦆ ᦶᦉᧆnounkingᦅᦳᧃ1 3ᦎᦳᧃ1 2ᦔᦲᧃ ᦑᦱᧂ ᦂᦲᧃ ᦁᧃ ᦆ ᦉᧆ ᧞ ᦓᦱᧂ ᦵᦑ ᦞᦲ ᦋᦱᧆ ᦠᦳᧄ ᦙᧅ ᦓᧃᧉ.It was a kind of food that the king and queen liked a lot.4.6.1Rulerᦆ ᦉᧆ ᦏ ᦜᦱᦈᧁᧉ ᦆ ᦉᧆSanskritksatriyah
ᦆ ᦋᦹᧂxacɯŋ⁴ᦆ ᦵᦋᦲᧂᧈnounXaceng, a level of Tai Lue nobility. [Note: Under the king was the ᦈᧁᧉ ᦵᦋᧂ ᦣᦱ 'Lord of Jing Ha'. Under him were the ᧔ ᦆ ᦋᦹᧂ 'Four Xaceng Lords', and then the ᧘ ᦆ ᦋᦹᧂ 'Eight Xaceng Lords'.]ᦵᦋᧂ ᦣᦱᦶᦏᧆ ᦑᦱᧄ ᦈᧁᧉ ᦵᦋᧂ ᦣᦱ ᦓᦲᦰ ᦔᦲᧃ ᧔ ᦆ ᦋᦹᧂ, ᦅᦹ: ᦣᦾᧉ ᦡᦱᧂᧉ ᦢᦱᧃᧉ ᦀᦸᧆᧈ, ᦣᦾᧉ ᦡᦱᧂᧉ ᦈᦸᧄ ᦞᧂ, ᦣᦾᧉ ᦡᦱᧂᧉ ᦢᦱᧃᧉ ᦃᦳᧄ.Under the Lord of Ceng Ha were lords at the Four Xaceng level, namely: the Duke of Ban Awt, the Duke of Com Wang, and the Duke of Ban Xum.ᦏᦱᧃᧉ ᦒᦲ ᧒ ᦓᦲᦰ ᦔᦲᧃ ᧘ ᦆ ᦋᦹᧂ. Under them were lords at the Eight Xaceng level.4.6.1.1King's family
ᦈᦱᧈ3caa²nouncook; minor official in a palaceᦅᦳᧃ1 3ᦐᧂᧉ ᦞᦱᧈ ᦈᦱᧈ ᦶᦔᧂ ᦋᦲᧃᧉ ᦶᦔᧂ ᦔᦱ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦂᦲᧃ ᦋᦴᧈ ᦆᦱᧇ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦞᦱᧈ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦛᦱᧃ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦟᧄ.The cook made meat for the king to eat every meal but he said it wasn't tasty.5.2.1Food preparation4.6.1.2Government officialᦈᦱᧈ ᦷᦉᧃᦶᦙᧈ ᦈᦱᧈ
ᦈᧁᧉ ᦃᦳᧃcaw³xun¹2000nounofficer; person in charge (can be separated)ᦣᦸᧂᧉ ᦀᧁ ᦈᧁᧉ ᦃᦳᧃ ᦑᧂ ᦜᦻ ᦙᦱ ᦘᦸᧄᧉ ᦷᦈ.The king called all his officers to come and meet.ᦈᧁᧉ ᦃᦳᧃ ᦵᦉᦲᧅ ᦙᦱ ᦣᧇ ᦖᦴᧈ ᦷᦍ ᦒᦱ ᦀᦸᧅᧈ ᦵᦞᧂ ᦺᦔ ᦠᦱ ᦙᦱᧃᧈ.The military officer took the army out of the city to go to Myanmar.4.6.1.2Government officialᦈᧁᧉᦃᦳᧃ2ᦈᧁᧉ ᦺᦊᧈ ᦃᦳᧃ ᦷᦜᧂᦈᧁᧉ ᦢᦳᧃ ᦃᦳᧃ ᦒᧄ
ᦈᧁᧉcaw³5001nounruler; lord; king. [Note: Used pronominally in the 2nd and 3rd person when the referent is superior or royal.]ᦅᦳᧃ1 3ᦎᦳᧃ1 2ᦷᦍᧅ ᦀᧁ ᦑᦱᧃᧈ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦈᧁᧉ ᦶᦠᧂᧈ ᦃᧁ.They raised him to be their ruler.ᦈᧁᧉ ᦞᦸᧂᧉ ᦵᦣᧀ, ᦃᦾᧉ ᦙᦱ ᦀᦳᧇᧈ ᦅᧄ ᦵᦙᦲᧈ ᦂᦸᧃᧈ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦈᧁᧉ ᦝᧂ!O emperor, I have come to tell a tale of long ago for you to hear.ᦈᧁᧉ ᦏᦱᧄ ᦗᦸᧈ ᦅᦱᧉ ᦞᦱᧈ: “ᦠᦸᧅᧈ ᦺᦕ.”He (the king) asked the merchants, 'Whose spear is this?'4.6.1Ruler2nounownerᦅᦳᧃ1 3ᦈᧁᧉ ᦷᦣ.The owner of the cow.ᦀᧁ ᦚᦻᧉ ᦗᦸᧅ ᦉᦳᧂᧈ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦈᧁᧉ ᦚᦻᧉ.He returned the cotton to its owner.6.8.1.1Own, possessᦃᧁ ᦈᧁᧉᦈᧁᧉ ᦂᦴᧉᦈᧁᧉ ᦂᦱᧃᦈᧁᧉ ᦃᦻᦈᧁᧉ ᦃᦸᧂᦈᧁᧉ ᦃᦳᧃᦈᧁᧉ ᦆ ᦉᧆᦈᧁᧉ ᦉ ᦵᦛᧀ ᦵᦙᦲᧂᦈᧁᧉ ᦵᦉᧁᧈᦈᧁᧉ ᦵᦋᧂ ᦣᦱᦈᧁᧉ ᦋᦻᦈᧁᧉ ᦐᦲᧉᦈᧁᧉ ᦵᦐᦲ ᦷᦠᦈᧁᧉ ᦑᦲᧈᦈᧁᧉ ᦵᦑ ᦞ ᦡᦱᦈᧁᧉ ᦷᦑᧆᦈᧁᧉ ᦓᦻᦈᧁᧉ ᦓᧂᧈ ᦋᦱᧂᧉᦈᧁᧉ ᦓᦱᧂᦈᧁᧉ ᦶᦕᧃᧈ ᦡᦲᧃᦈᧁᧉ ᦷᦕᦈᧁᧉ ᦗᦸᧈᦈᧁᧉ ᦗᧃ ᦓᦱᦈᧁᧉ ᦘ ᦍᦱᦈᧁᧉ ᦶᦙᧈᦈᧁᧉ ᦵᦙᦲᧂᦈᧁᧉ ᦙᧃᦈᧁᧉ ᦷᦜᧂᦈᧁᧉ ᦝᦱᧉᦈᧁᧉ ᦞᦸᧂᧉᦈᧁᧉ ᦟᦰ ᦉᦲᦈᧁᧉ ᦟᦱ ᦋᦱᦈᧁᧉ ᦟᦳᧄᧈ ᦝᦱᧉᦈᧁᧉ ᦟᦴᧅᦈᧁᧉ ᦠᦸ ᦆᧄᦈᧁᧉ ᦢᦱᧁᧈᦈᧁᧉ ᦢᦱᧃᧉᦈᧁᧉ ᦢᦳᧃ ᦙᦲᦈᧁᧉ ᦵᦣᦲᧃᦈᧁᧉ ᦣᧂᧈᦉᦴ ᦈᧁᧉᦉᧂ ᦆᦰ ᦈᧁᧉᦵᦋᦲᧉ ᦈᧁᧉᦷᦎ ᦈᧁᧉᦎᦳᧃ ᦈᧁᧉᦑᦱᧃᧈ ᦈᧁᧉᦕᦴᧉ ᦈᧁᧉ ᦓᦻ ᦺᦊᧈᦘ ᦍᦱ ᦈᧁᧉᦘᦰ ᦈᧁᧉᦙ ᦠᦱ ᦟᦱ ᦋ ᦈᧁᧉᦙ ᦠᦱ ᦟᦱ ᦋ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦈᧁᧉᦙᦲ ᦷᦕ ᦙᦲ ᦈᧁᧉᦟᦰ ᦉᦲ ᦈᧁᧉᦟᦴᧅ ᦈᧁᧉᦢᦱᧁᧈ ᦈᧁᧉ ᦉᦱᧁ ᦓᦱᧂᦷᦣᧇ ᦈᧁᧉ
ᦈᧁᧉ ᦵᦋᧂ ᦣᦱcaw³ceŋ⁴haa⁴2000nounLord of Ceng Ha, title for the senior nobleman under the king of Sipsongpanna, and his presumed successorᦈᧁᧈ ᦌᦳᧃᧉᦉᦲᧃᧈ4.6.1Rulerᦈᧁᧉᦵᦋᧂ ᦣᦱ
ᦈᧁᧉ ᦆ ᦉᧆcaw³xasat²2000nounking, especially the king of a non-Tai nationᦈᧁᧉ ᦆ ᦉᧆ ᦕᦴᧉ ᦍᦲᧂ ᦕ ᦵᦑᧆ ᦁᧂ ᦂᦲᧆ.The queen of England.4.6.1Rulerᦈᧁᧉᦆ ᦉᧆᦷᦋᧈ ᦈᧁᧉ ᦆ ᦉᧆ
ᦈᧁᧉ ᦶᦉᧃ ᦛᦲᧈ ᦝᦱᧉcaw³sæn¹wii²faa⁶nounChao San We Fa; a title of the high king of Sipsongpanna. [Note: This can be loosely translated as 'Great Jade Sky Lord'.]4.6.1Rulerᦶᦉᧃ ᦛᦲᧈᦈᧁᧉ ᦝᦱᧉ
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