ᦺᦡ1daj¹ᦺᦤ5001demonstrative adjectiveany; whichever. [Note: Used with a classifier.]ᦅᦳᧃ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦞᦱᧈ ᦘᦱ ᦉᦱ ᦺᦡ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦠᦳᧄ ᦌᦹᧉ ᦵᦆᦲᧂᧈ ᦺᦑ ᦓᦳᧂᧈ ᦌᧄᧉ.People of any nationality, they all like to buy Dai clothing.ᦺᦔ ᦑᦱᧂ ᦺᦡ, ᦃᦲᧈ ᦅᦱ ᦷᦟᧆ ᦶᦂᧁᧉ.Whatever place they go, they ride in fancy cars.ᦅᧃ ᦟᦴᧅ ᦵᦣᧃ ᦷᦎ ᦺᦡ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦋᦱᧂᧈ ᦶᦎᧄᧉ, ᦆᦴ ᦉᦸᧃ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦉᧂᧈ ᦉᦸᧃ.If any student isn't able to write, the teacher teaches them.8.1.5.1Some2demonstrative adjectiveeach; per. [Note: Used with a classifier.]ᦞᧃ ᦺᦡ ᦠᦸᧄ ᦇᦹᧃ ᦺᦞᧉ.Each day she saved up some money.ᦙᦴ ᦺᦡ ᦺᦉᧈ ᦚᦳᧃᧈ ᧕ ᦂᦲᧃᧉ.Put on 5 jin of fertiliser per acre.8.1.5All3interrogative adjectivewhich. [Note: Used with a classifier.]ᦺᦃᧈ ᧒ ᦟᦴᧅ ᦓᦲᦰ ᦟᦴᧅ ᦺᦡ ᦈᧅ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦗᦴᧉ?Of these two eggs which will be a male?ᦔᦲᧃ ᦷᦎ ᦺᦡ ᦙᦱ ᦵᦣᧆ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦣᦴᧉ.She didn't know which one was doing this to her.ᦓᦱᧂ ᦑᧂ ᧓ ᦓᦲᦰ ᦕᦴᧉ ᦺᦡ ᦕ ᦵᦉᦲᧆᧈ ᦋᦱ?Of these three ladies which is the most excellent?9.2.3.4Question wordsᦅᦱᧈᦺᦡᦅᦳᧃᦺᦡᦶᦉᧃᦺᦡᦊᦱᧂᧈᦺᦡᦅᦸᧉᦡᦲᦵᦋᦲᧉᦀᦹᧃᧈᦑᦱᧂᦺᦡᦶᦎᧈᦺᦡᦑᧁᧈᦺᦡᦔᦱᧃᦺᦡᦺᦡᦓᧃᧉ᧚ᦺᦡ
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ᦗᦸpɔɔ⁴5001pre-verbvery; so much. [Note: In this sense ᦗᦸ is used with an adjective, and usually with a negative.]ᦢᧁᧈ ᦗᦸ ᦺᦂ.Not very far.ᦗᦻ ᦓᦲᦰ ᦣᦴᧉ ᦶᦈᧂᧉ ᦊᦴᧈ, ᦑᧁᧈ ᦞᦱᧈ ᦗᦻ ᦓᧃᧉ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦗᦸ ᦶᦈᧂᧉ ᦺᦉ.I understand this one clearly, but that one is not so clear.9.3Very2pre-verbreally; in a big way. [Note: Used with a verb.]ᦗᦸ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦚᦳᧃ ᦷᦜᧂ ᦷᦎᧅ.Brahma really caused a big rain.ᦦᦱᧂ ᦺᦡᧉ ᦍᦲᧃ ᦵᦉᦲ ᦣᦸᧂᧉ ᦺᦉᧈ ᦗᦸ ᦉ ᦡᦳᧂᧉ ᦎᦹᧃᧈ.The deer heard the tiger shout at him and really jumped.9.3.2Completely3pre-verbuntil; as far as; as much asᦗᦸ ᦎᦻ.Until death.ᦃᧁᧉ ᦀᦸᧅᧈ ᦑᦱᧂ ᦗᦸ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦣᦸᧄᧈ.They went in and out so much that there was a pathway.8.4.6.1.4Until4pre-verbabout toᦗᦸ ᦡᦲ ᦡᦾᧉ ᧞.We are just about to eat.ᦵᦣᦲ ᦗᦸ ᦡᦲ ᦜᦳ.The boat was about to break apart.8.4.6.4.1Soon5adjectiveenough; sufficientᦓᧄᧉ ᦣᦴᧉ ᦕᦴᧉ ᦃᦱᧉ ᦎᦴ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦗᦸ.Our knowledge is not sufficient.ᦗᦸ ᦅᦱᧈ ᦂᦳᧄᧉ ᦵᦟᧂᧉ ᦋᦲ ᦞᦲᧆ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦎᦻ.It is enough only to keep my life so I won't die.8.1.7Enough6prepositionas big as; as much as. [Note: Used with a classifier.]ᦔᧃᧉ ᦷᦣᧇ ᦅᦳᧃ ᦍᦱᧁ ᦗᦸ ᦉᦸᧅ.He moulded the shape of a person a whole forearm long.ᦀᧁ ᦂᧃ ᦺᦡᧉ ᦗᦸ ᦌᦱᧁ ᦔᦲ.They had been married for a whole twenty years.9.3.1Degree7post-verbenoughᦃᦸᧂ ᦗᦲᧆ ᦗᦴ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦗᦸ.Things don't change enough.ᦎᦳᧃ ᦷᦎ ᦺᦕ ᦙᧃ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦺᦡᧉ ᦷᦏᧃᧉ ᦎᦲᧄ ᦗᦸ.Each of them was complete enough.8.1.7Enoughᦂᦲᧃᦀᦲᧄᧈᦎᦲᧄᦗᦸᦗᦸᦵᦄᦲᧉᦗᦸᦝᧂᦗᦸᦅᦱᧈᦗᦸᦺᦈᦗᦸᦊᦴᧈᦗᦸᦂᦲᧃᦗᦸᦺᦋᧉᦗᦸᦑᦲᧈᦗᦸᦡᦲᦗᦸᦡᦻᦗᦸᦡᧂᧈᦗᦸ᧒ᦙᦱᧅᦙᦲᦎᦲᧄᦗᦸᦡᦾᧉᦀᦲᧄᧈᦂᦲᧃᦗᦸ
ᦎᦴ1tuu¹5001pronounwe; us. [Note: This is 'exclusive we' that does not include those being spoken to. See also ᦣᧁ 'inclusive we'.]ᦣᧁᦷᦣ ᦷᦎ ᦓᦲᦰ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦷᦣ ᦎᦴ, ᦎᦴ ᦺᦟᧈ ᦶᦎᧈ ᦵᦣᦲᧃ ᦎᦴ ᦙᦱ!This cow is ours (not yours). We drove it here from our home.ᦓᦸᧂᧉ ᦉᦴ ᦀᦸᧅᧈ ᦺᦔ ᦶᦔᧂ ᦵᦣᦲᧃ ᦺᦖᧈ, ᦗᦲᧈ ᦎᦴ ᦡᦲᧈ ᦊᦴᧈ ᦵᦣᦲᧃ ᦂᧁᧈ.You younger couple go build a new house; we elders will stay at the old house.9.2.3Pronouns2pronounI. [Note: ᦎᦴ is used as the singular 'I' when addressing one's spouse, and in other family situations. Also when spoken by a king.]ᦶᦙᧈ ᦓᦱᧂ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦎᦴ ᦺᦔ ᦺᦐ ᦣᦱᧈ?Do you (my wife) want me to go somewhere?ᦘ ᦍᦱ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦉᧂᧈ ᦺᦞᧉ, “ᦙᦹᧂ ᦚᧁᧉ ᦎᦴ ᦵᦓᦲ.”The king ordered him, 'You guard me.'9.2.3Pronounsᦎᦴᦃᦱᧉᦎᦴᦃᦾᧉᦕᦴᧉᦃᦱᧉᦎᦴᦣᦱᦎᦴ
ᦂᧇ1kap²5001conjunctionand. [Note: ᦂᧇ connects nouns but rarely sentences. To connect sentences see ᧞.]᧞1ᦖᦴ ᦶᦙᧈ ᦞᦱᧉ ᦂᧇ ᦖᦴ ᦄᦱᧃ.Sows and breeder pigs.ᦵᦣᧃ ᦟᦲᧅ ᦂᧇ ᦷᦎ.Study numbers and letters.ᦚᦳᧃ ᦷᦎᧅ ᦠᦱᧈ ᦷᦜᧂ ᦞᧃ ᦂᧇ ᦆᦹᧃ. It rained heavily day and night.ᦷᦂ ᦇᦴ ᦢᦳᧄᧈ ᦍᦳᧄ ᦂᧇ ᦊᦱᧉ.I am afraid of snakes hiding in the thickets and the grass.9.6.1.1And, also2prepositionto; connecting to; with; with respect to; because ofᦀᧁ ᦖᦱ ᦙᧆ ᦂᧇ ᦉᧁ ᦷᦣᧂ.He tied the dog to a pillar.ᦙᧃ ᦺᦡᧉ ᦊᦴᧈ ᦂᧇ ᦵᦙ ᦞᧃ ᦵᦡᧁ.He lived with his wife only one day.ᦏᧁᧉ ᦋᦱᧆ ᦺᦈ ᦡᦲ ᦂᧇ ᦟᦴᧅ ᦜᦱᧃ ᦉᦴ.I am very happy with you, my children.ᦷᦑᧅ ᦕᦱᧃ ᦂᧇ ᦟᦴᧅ.They were poor because of their son.8.5.2.7Towards9.6.2.5Cause9.5.2.2With, be with3prepositionto. [Note: Marks the one spoken to. Used with verbs of request, urging, invitation and thanks.]ᦙᧃ ᦷᦋ ᦂᧇ ᦵᦙ ᦞᦱᧈ: ᦙᦱ ᦑᦽ.He invited his wife saying, 'Come along'.ᦍᦲᧃ ᦡᦲ ᦂᧇ ᦢᦳᧃ ᦈᧁᧉ.I am grateful for the goodness of the king.ᦂᧇᦂᦻᧈᦂᧇᦋᦸᧄᦂᧇᦑᧂᦂᧇᦶᦔᧈᦂᧇᦡᦽᧉᦂᧇᦺᦢᧉᦂᧇᦶᦣᧇᦂᧇᦣᦸᧂᦃᧁᧉᦂᧇᦅᦳᧃᦂᧇᦺᦈᦂᧇᦔᦏᦙᦂᧇᦷᦠᦒᦲᦕᦴᧉᦂᧇᦘᦰᦍᦱᧆᦙᦲᦂᧇᦷᦎ
ᦓᧃᧉnan⁶ᦓᧃᧈ5001demonstrative adjectivethat. [Note: Used with a classifier.]ᦉᧅ ᦺᦡᧉ ᦖᦱᧅ ᦠᦲᧃ ᦟᦴᧅ ᦓᧃᧉ ᦢᦲᧃ ᦗᦸᧅ ᦺᦔ ᦣᧂ.She grasped that stone in her beak and flew back to her nest.ᦍᦱᧄ ᦓᧃᧉ ᦵᦉᧂ ᦓᦱᧆ ᦶᦓᧃ ᦙᦱ ᦅᧄ ᦵᦡᧁ.At that time there was suddenly the sound of guns.9.2.3.5Demonstrative pronouns2demonstrative adjectiveas for. [Note: ᦓᧃᧉ marks the end of the topic in a topic-comment construction. It also marks the end of a relative clause.]ᦵᦙ ᦓᧃᧉ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦺᦃᧉ, ᦀᧁ ᦺᦔ ᦊᦱ ᦑᦲᧈ ᦷᦣᧂ ᦊᦱ.The wife - she was ill. They took her to the hospital for treatment.ᦙᦲ ᦷᦓᧅ ᦍᦳᧂ ᦷᦎ ᦁᧃ ᦃᧅ ᦺᦅᧉ ᦖᧃᧈ ᦠᦱ ᦓᧃᧉ ᦷᦎ ᧚.There was a peacock who was diligent in hunting for food.9.6.2.2Limitation of topicᦺᦐᦓᧃᧉᦑᧁᧈᦓᧃᧉᦺᦡᦓᧃᧉ
ᦠᦹᧉhɯɯ³5001verb (transitive)to giveᦃᦸ ᦓᧄᧉ ᦟᦴᧅ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦠᦹᧉ.He asked for water but his son wouldn't give him any.7.4.1Give, hand to6.8.3.1Give, donate2verb (intransitive)imperativeᦠᦹᧉ ᦶᦎᧆ ᦔᦻ ᦓᦲᧁᧉ ᦂᦾᧉ ᦙᦱ ᦅᦳᧃ ᦔᦸᧆ.Each of you, cut off the end of your little finger.ᦅᧃ ᦶᦂᧉ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦺᦡᧉ ᦓᦲᦰ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦀᧁ ᦓᦱᧂ ᦙᦱ ᦏᦻ.If you cannot solve it you have to give the princess to me.9.4.3.1Imperative 3verb (intransitive)let; allow; cause; compelᦷᦍᧅ ᦃᦹᧃᧉ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦷᦞ ᦟᦱᧅ.He lifted it up to let the ox haul it.ᦷᦜᧅ ᧞ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦷᦜᧅ, ᦈᧅ ᦺᦡᧉ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦖᦸ ᦊᦱ ᦵᦉᧆ ᦃᦱᧆ, ᦊᦱᧈ ᦺᦔ ᦀᧁ ᦷᦎ ᦵᦡᧁ ᦞᦱᧈ.In pulling out a tooth, allow the dentist to decide. Don't decide for yourself.ᦛᧂ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦚᦳᧃ ᦷᦎᧅ.He hoped to make it rain.ᦔᦸᧂ ᦺᦆᧈ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦷᦕ ᦃᦱᧉ ᦶᦙᧈ ᦎᦳᧃ ᦵᦉ.She intended to make her husband kill his mother.9.6.2.5Cause3.3.3.5Compel3.3.4.1Give permission4prepositionto. [Note: Marks the recipient of what is given.]ᦗᦸᧈ ᦏᧁᧉ ᦈᧅ ᦀᧁ ᦆᧄ ᦓᦲᦰ ᦎᦸᧃᧉ ᦔᧃ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦜᦱᧃ.I am giving this gold to you.9.5.3.2Recipient (of a patient)5prepositionto. [Note: Something done to a person.]ᦉᦲᧂ ᦞᦱᧈ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦵᦣᧆ ᦣᦻᧉ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦣᧁ.The lion said he wouldn't harm us.ᦅᧃ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦺᦔ ᦟᦱᧅ ᦓᦲᦰ ᦈᧅ ᦺᦉᧈ ᦶᦑᧆ ᦂᧄ ᦠᦹᧉ.If you cannot haul it I will give the death penalty to you.9.5.1.1Beneficiary of an event6prepositionfor; benefittingᦀᧁ ᦊᦱ ᦺᦉᧈ ᦵᦐᦲ ᦷᦠ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦑᦱᧃᧈ.She put medicine on his head for him.ᦂᦴ ᦈᧅ ᦶᦎᧄᧉ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦙᦹᧂ.I will write it for you.ᦗᦸᧈ ᦑᦹᧅ ᦶᦔᧂ ᦵᦑᦲᧄᧉ ᦋᦱ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦙᧃ ᦊᦴᧈ.Her father is making a swing for her.9.5.1.1Beneficiary of an event7prepositionto. [Marks the one spoken to.]ᦢᦸᧅᧈ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦋᦱᧁ ᦢᦱᧃᧉ.He told the villagers.2.3.2.1Listen9.5.3Patient-related casesᦗᦱᦠᦹᧉᦠᦹᧉᦡᦲᦠᦹᧉᦡᦹᧅᦵᦣᧆᦠᦹᧉ
ᦓᦱᧅnaak⁵20001nounnaga. [Note: The naga is the legendary serpent of the Buddhist tradition; a river dweller and producer of rain.]ᦓᦱᦅᦱᦠᦲᧄᦙᦗᦱᧃᦷᦠ ᦵᦣᦲ ᦑᦻᧉ ᦵᦣᦲ, ᦀᧁ ᦇᦱ ᦶᦔᧂ ᦷᦠ ᦓᦱᧅ ᦠᦱᧂ ᦓᦱᧅ ᦺᦉᧈ.On the prow and stern of the boat, they used ivory to make a naga head and tail.4.9.2Supernatural being2noundragon. [Note: The Chinese dragon and the western dragon are both called ᦓᦱᧅ.]4.9.2Supernatural beingSanskritnagacobra
ᦘᦍᦱpʰajaa⁴ᦘᦱᦍᦱ5001nounking, usually the king of a small town. [Note: Used as a title for kings and gods.]ᦅᦳᧃ1 3ᦎᦳᧃ1 2ᦺᦛᧉ ᦉᦱ ᦘ ᦍᦱ.He bowed before the king.ᦘ ᦍᦱ ᦵᦙᦲᧂ ᦓᦱ ᦉᦲ.The king of Nasi city.ᦘ ᦍᦱ ᦀᦲᧃ.The Lord Indra.ᦘ ᦍᦱ ᦘᦳᧄ.The Lord Brahma.4.6.1Ruler2nounking of animals. [Note: Used in fables.]ᦘ ᦍᦱ ᦵᦉᦲ ᦷᦆᧂᧈ.King of the tigers.ᦘ ᦍᦱ ᦓᦱᧅ.The Naga king.4.9.2Supernatural being3.5.4.1Fable, mythᦈᧁᧉᦘᦍᦱᦑᦱᧁᧉᦘᦍᦱᦘᦍᦱᦈᧁᧉᦘᦍᦱᦈᧁᧉᦵᦙᦲᧂᦘᦍᦱᦞᧃ
ᦞᦱᧈwaa⁵5001verb (intransitive)to say; speakᦑᦱᧃᧈ ᦞᦱᧈ: “ᦃᦾᧉ ᦈᧅ ᦗᦸᧅ ᦺᦔ ᦵᦠᦲᧃᧉ”.He said, 'I am going now'.ᦃᦲ ᦺᦈ ᦉᧂ, ᦞᦱᧈ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦝᧂ ᦡᦴ.Are you worried about something? Tell me about it.3.5.1Say2verb (transitive)to scoldᦅᧃ ᦶᦙᧈ ᦞᦱᧈ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦙᧃ, ᦺᦈ ᦙᧃ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦺᦛ ᦺᦔ.When his mother scolded him, his heart wavered.4.8.4.1Rebuke3post-verbsaying; that. [Note: Marks the complement of a quotation or a thought.]ᦏᦱᧄ ᦶᦙᧈ ᦞᦱᧈ: “ᦗᦸᧈ ᦊᦴᧈ ᦑᦲᧈ ᦺᦐ?”He asked his mother saying, 'Where is Father?'ᦣᦴᧉ ᦞᦱᧈ ᦟᦴᧅ ᦎᧂᧉ ᦺᦈ ᦺᦆᧈ ᦶᦎᧂᧈ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦶᦙᧈ ᦎᦻ.She knew that her children were planning to kill her.9.4.7Subordinating particles4final particlereally. [Note: This emphatic particle is used in informal speech.]ᦍᧇ ᦺᦔ ᦃᧂ ᦺᦞᧉ ᦷᦎᧇ ᦎᦲ ᦶᦉᧃ ᦏᦹᧂ ᦎᦻ ᦞᦱᧈ.They arrested him and put him in prison and beat him until he died.ᦚᦳᧃ ᦷᦎᧅ ᦎᧂᧉ ᦷᦠ ᦆᧄᧈ ᦏᦹᧂ ᦆᦹᧂᧈ ᦆᦹᧃ ᦞᦱᧈ.It rained from dusk all the way to midnight.9.6.3.2Markers of emphasis ᦁᧃᦞᦱᧈᦈᦱᦣᦲᧆᦞᦱᧈᦅᦸᧂᦷᦉᧇᦙᦸᧈᦞᦱᧈᦇᦻᧈᦋᦸᧂᧈᦞᦱᧈᦋᦱᧆᦞᦱᧈᦌᦸᦰᦞᦱᧈᦠᦱᦂᦲᧃᦎᦲᧄᦞᦱᧈᦐᧂᧉᦞᦱᧈᦑᧁᧈᦞᦱᧈᦓᧇᦞᦱᧈᦶᦔᧂᦞᦱᧈᦔᦱᧅᦞᦱᧈᦶᦙᧃᧈᦞᦱᧈᦞᦱᧈᦀᦸᧅᧈᦞᦱᧈᦆᦱᧉᦡᦱᧈᦑᦸᦞᦱᧈᦶᦈᧂᧉᦞᦱᧈᦊᦸᧉᦞᦱᧈᦊᦱᧄᧈᦞᦱᧈᦊᦸᧅᧈᦞᦱᧈᦺᦍᦞᦱᧈᦺᦎᧉᦞᦱᧈᦵᦐᦲᦞᦱᧈᦐᦱᧉᦆᦱᧉᦜᧂᦞᦱᧈᦞᦱᧈᦷᦠᧅᦷᦠᧅᦞᦱᧈᦺᦞᧉᦞᦱᧈᦡᦴᦞᦱᧈᦡᦲᧃᧉᦞᦱᧈᦊᦸᧅᧈᦞᦱᧈᦢᧁᧈᦀᦸᧅᧈᦞᦱᧈᦢᧁᧈᦺᦡᧉᦢᧁᧈᦞᦱᧈᦣᦴᧉᦞᦱᧈᦵᦣᧆᦞᦱᧈᦠᦱᦂᦲᧃᦣᦸᧄᦙᦱᦞᦱᧈ
ᦐᦱnaa¹20001adjectivethickᦗᦸᧇ ᦐᦱ.A thick book.ᦞᧃ ᦵᦍᧂᧈ ᦊᦴᧈ ᦵᦍᧂᧈ ᦂᧆ ᦐᦱᧁ, ᦵᦐᦲ ᦓᧄᧉ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦡᦱᧂᧉ ᦐᦱ ᦌᧄᧉ.It got colder every day, the ice on the pond was thick.8.2.3Thick2adjectivedense (as of smoke, jungle)ᦵᦖᧀ ᦐᦱ.Dense mist.ᦡᦳᧂ ᦐᦱ.Dense jungle.8.3.6.4Dense3pre-verb(not) allow oneself to; (not) give in to; (not) deign to. [Note: Usually used with a negative.]ᦢᧁᧈ ᦐᦱ ᦡᦽᧉ ᦙᦾᧈ ᦶᦅᧃ, ᦷᦋ ᦂᧃ ᦵᦣᧆ ᦂᦱᧃ ᦊᦴᧈ.They did not let themselves feel weary, they kept on working.ᦃᧁᧉ ᦠᦱ ᦈᧁᧉ ᦵᦙᦲᧂ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦐᦱ ᦃᦱᧇ ᦺᦛᧉ.When she entered the king's presence she didn't deign to bow.4.5.4Submit to authority4verb (transitive)to surrender to; succumb to. [Note: Usually used with a negative.]ᦣᧁ ᦊᦱᧈ ᦏᦱᧉ ᦐᦱ ᦂᦱᧃ ᦵᦋᦲᧉ ᦓᦲᦰ ᦟᦸᦰ.We should not put up with things like this.ᦢᧁᧈ ᦐᦱ ᦵᦣᦲᧃ ᦊᦱᧁᧉ, ᦊᦴᧈ ᦗᧂᧈ ᦅᦱᧁᧉ ᦏᦱᧂᧈ ᦡᦲ ᦺᦡᧉ ᦷᦈᧇᧈ ᦖᦱᧃ. They didn't surrender to the casino (they kept on playing). They thought they would get lucky.4.8.3.4Surrender4.5.4Submit to authorityᦃᧁᧉᦐᦱᦔᦱᦏᦳᧅᧈᦶᦎᧃᦐᦱᦎᦹᧇᦎᦹᧇᦐᦱᦐᦱᦎᦹᧇᦐᦱᦐᦱᧉᦐᦱᦐᦱᦢᦱᧂᦶᦐᧃᧉᦶᦐᧃᧉᦐᦱᦐᦱᦐᧄᦐᦱᦐᧅᦐᦱᦓᧄᧉᦐᦱᦔᦹᧅᦐᦱᦷᦟᧂᦐᦱᦷᦠᦺᦈᦐᦱᦠᦹᧅᦐᦱᦢᦱᧇᦐᦱ
ᦶᦠᧂᧈhæŋ²5001prepositionof. [Note: This is used for ownership (example A), kinship (example B), relationship (example C), qualities (example D), and parts (example E).]A. ᦷᦆ ᦶᦠᧂᧈ ᦵᦗᦲᧃᧈ.Somebody else's property.B. ᦟᦴᧅ ᦶᦠᧂᧈ ᦎᦳᧃ.Their own children.C. ᦈᧁᧉ ᦶᦠᧂᧈ ᦃᧁ.Their leader.D. ᦕ ᦊᦱ ᦶᦠᧂᧈ ᦎᦳᧃ.His wisdom.E. ᦃᦱ ᦶᦠᧂᧈ ᦙᧃ.Its leg.9.1.1.3Have, of2prepositionmarks a direct object. [Note: Use of this preposition is optional.]ᦑᦱᧃ ᦶᦠᧂᧈ ᦇᦹᧃ ᦆᧄ. They offered money.ᦉᦱᧃ ᦶᦠᧂᧈ ᦢᦳᧂ.He wove a basket.ᦶᦔᧂ ᦶᦠᧂᧈ ᦢᦱ ᦣᦱᧄ.They built a monk house.ᦏᦱᧄ ᦶᦠᧂᧈ ᦜᦻ ᦅᦳᧃ.Ask many people.ᦵᦉᦲ ᦡᦲᧈ ᦙᦱ ᦷᦃᧇ ᦶᦠᧂᧈ ᦣᧁ.The tiger will bite us.3classifierclassifier for places, locationsᦗᦸᧈ ᦅᦱᧉ ᦟᦳᧅ ᦙᦱ ᦋᦴᧈ ᦶᦠᧂᧈ.The merchants came from every place.ᦙᦲ ᦟᦱᧂ ᦶᦠᧂᧈ ᦵᦈᧇ ᦓᧅ.There are places that hurt a lot.ᦠᧃ ᦑᦲᧈ ᦖᦻ ᧒ ᦶᦠᧂᧈ.She saw two marks.9.2.6.1Classifiersᦑᦲᧈᦶᦠᧂᧈᦑᧂᦶᦠᧂᧈᦗᧂᦗᦻ
ᦅᦸᧉ1kɔ5001conjunctionthen; so. [Note: This is a general linking word used with temporal and logical connections. Pronounced in isolation it has a tone 6, but in a normal utterance it is unstressed and lacks contrastive tone.]ᦺᦂᧈ ᦞᦱᧈ ᧟ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦵᦃᧈ ᦵᦊᦲᧈ ᦊᦴᧈ ᦵᦖᦲᧃ ᦂᧁᧈ.After the chicken said that, it went back to scratching for food like before.ᦟᦴᧅ ᦀᦸᧃᧈ ᦑᧂ ᦜᦻ ᦣᦴᧉ ᦠᧃ ᦡᦽᧉ ᦑᦱᧃᧈ ᦙᦲ ᦕ ᦊᦱ ᦔᧃ ᦍᦱ, ᦅᦸᧉ ᦠᦳᧄ ᦡᦲᧃᧉ ᦶᦀᧇ ᦶᦑᧉ ᧞.The children saw that he was wise, so they really liked to play in his company.8.4.5.1Order, sequence9.6.2.6Result2conjunctionvery; really. [Note: Connects repeated verbs or attributes. Used for emphasis.]ᦓᧄᧉ ᦐᦲᧉ ᦺᦉ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦺᦉ, ᦊᦲᧃ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦊᦲᧃ.The water here is very clear and very cold.ᦓᧄᧉ ᦛᦱᧃ ᦏᦳᧅᧈ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦏᦳᧅᧈ, ᦟᧄ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦟᧄ, ᦷᦋ ᦂᧃ ᦙᦱ ᦌᦹᧉ ᦵᦓᦲ.Our drinks are really cheap and really tasty, come and buy!9.3Veryᦅᦸᧉᦎᦱᧄᦅᦸᧉᦡᦲᦊᦱᧂᧈᦺᦡᦅᦸᧉᦡᦲ᧟ᦅᦸᧉᦢᧁᧈᦅᦸᧉ
ᦞᧆᦉᦱwat⁵saa¹1nounVassa. [Note: Vassa is the three-month Rains Retreat period when monks stay in their monasteries. It runs from the full moon of month 10 to the full moon of month 1 in the lunar calendar, approximately July-October. Sometimes Vassa is called Buddhist Lent. The faithful observe Vassa in various ways. Some people eat a vegetarian diet during Vassa.]ᦅᦏᦲᧃᦍᦱᧄ ᦓᦲᦰ ᦂᦱᧂ ᦞᧆ ᦉᦱ, ᦚᦳᧃ ᦷᦎᧅ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦃᦱᧆ.It was the middle of Vassa and it rained a lot.8.4.1.8Special days4.2.2.2Festival, show4.9.7.5Buddhism2classifierclassifier for periods of Vassa. [Note: This is used to count years.]ᦀᦸᧅᧈᦞᧆᦉᦱᦃᧁᧉᦞᧆᦉᦱ
ᦟᦳᧂ1luŋ⁴5001verb (intransitive)to descend; go downᦘ ᦍᦱ ᦀᦲᧃ ᦟᦳᧂ ᦙᦱ ᦉᦱᧂᧉ ᦷᦟᧅ ᦉᦳᧂ ᦉᦱᧃ.Indra came down and created the world.ᦵᦖᦲᧃ ᦡᧂᧈ ᦶᦂᧁᧉ ᦟᦸᧆ ᦝᦱᧉ ᦟᦳᧂ ᦐᧂᧉ ᦠᦱᧈ ᦚᦳᧃ.He is like a jewel from the sky that came down with the rain.7.2.2.5Move down2verb (intransitive)to wane (of the moon). [Note: See the note at ᦵᦡᦲᧃ 'month' for a description of the calendar.]ᦵᦡᦲᧃ1 2ᦵᦡᦲᧃ ᧔ ᦟᦳᧂ ᧑᧐ ᦆᧄᧈ.Month four, the tenth day of the waning moon.1.1.1.1Moon3verb (transitive)to get off; go down fromᦟᦳᧂ ᦵᦣᦲᧃ.Go down from the house.ᦟᦳᧂ ᦡᦾ.Go down a mountain.7.2.2.5Move down4prepositiondownᦷᦓᧅ ᦢᦲᧃ ᦟᦳᧂ ᦂᦸ ᦺᦙᧉ ᦙᦱ.The bird flew down from the tree.ᦙᧃ ᦀᦹᧃ ᦟᦳᧂ ᦑᦸᧂᧉ.She swallowed it down into her stomach.8.5.2.5Down5post-verbdown (often not translated in English)ᦷᦎᧅ ᦓᧄᧉ ᦈᦳᧄ ᦟᦳᧂ ᦺᦔ.It fell in the water and sank down.ᦕᦸᧃᧈ ᦟᦳᧂ ᦵᦟᦲᧆ ᦟᦳᧄ ᦉᦳᧂ.Reduce your high blood pressure down.8.5.2.5Downᦃᦸᧉᦟᦳᧂᦷᦎᦃᧁᧉᦉᦴᧈᦟᦳᧂᦠᦱᦃᦹᧃᧉᦃᦹᧃᧉᦟᦳᧂᦟᦳᧂᦃᦹᧃᧉᦟᦳᧂᦷᦎᧅᦅᦱᧉᦟᦳᧂᦃᦻᦏᦽᧉᦺᦈᦟᦳᧂᦏᦾᦟᦳᧂᦗᦻᦟᦳᧂᦟᦳᧂᦅᦱᧈᦟᦳᧂᦉᦲᧃᦟᦳᧂᦋᦹᧈᦟᦳᧂᦷᦑᧆᦟᦳᧂᦙᦹᦟᦳᧂᦵᦣᦲᦵᦡᦲᧃᦟᦳᧂᦡᦱᧁᦟᦳᧂ
ᦉᦸᧉ1sɔɔ³adjectivepurple. [Note: ᦉᦸᧉ is a lighter shade of purple than ᦔᧂ.]ᦔᧂᦎᦳᧃᧉ ᦊᦱᧂ ᦍᦸᧆ ᦉᦸᧉ.Rubber trees with purple tops.ᦡᦸᧅᧈ ᦑᦲᧂᧈ ᦶᦌᧂᧈ ᦉᦸᧉ.Purple lilac flowers.ᦡᦸᧅᧈ ᦶᦌᧃᧈ ᦓᦲᧁᧉ ᦔᧁᧈ ᦶᦨ ᦉᦸᧉ.The morning glories blow their purple trumpets.ᦎᦳᧃᧉ ᦙᦸᧃ ᦈᧇ ᦖᦱᧅ ᦉᦸᧉ ᧞ ᦛᦱᧃ.Mulberry trees bear fruit that is purple and sweet.ᦕᦱᧉ ᦂᧂᧉ ᦃᦳᧃ ᦐᦴ ᦉᦸᧉ ᦊᧂ ᦊᦴᧈ ᦑᦲᧈ ᦷᦃᧂᧈ ᦝᦸᧃᧉ.A curtain of purple velvet hung across the dancing stage.8.3.3.3.4Colors of the spectrum
ᦔᧂpaŋ¹adjectivepurple. [Note: ᦔᧂ is a darker shade of purple than ᦉᦸᧉ.]ᦉᦸᧉ1ᦉᦲᧃᧉ ᦔᧂ.A purple sarong.8.3.3.3.4Colors of the spectrum
ᦵᦉᦲ1sɤɤ¹5001nountigerPanthera tigrisᦷᦎ 5ᦵᦉᦲ ᦣᦸᧂᧉ.The tiger roared.ᦵᦉᦲ ᦊᦸᧂᧈ ᦦᦱᧂ.The tiger stalked a deer.ᦺᦓ ᦠᦽᧉ ᦑᦱᧂᧉ ᦙᦲ ᦵᦉᦲ ᦣᦻᧉ.A fierce tiger lives in the riverbed.ᦵᦉᦲ ᦜᦸᧈ ᦃᧁᧉ ᦙᦱ ᦅᦱᧇ ᦀᧁ ᦂᦱᧃᧉ ᦆᦸ ᦙᧃ ᦅᧄ ᦵᦡᧁ.The tiger charged in and grabbed it by the neck.1.6.1.1.2Carnivore2nounfeline. [Note: ᦵᦉᦲ 'tiger' is used generically for all felines including house cats, tigers, lions, etc. The word ᦶᦙᧁ 'cat' is not used generically.]ᦶᦙᧁ11.6.1.1.2Carnivoreᦂᦱᧇᦵᦢᦲᧉᦎᦱᦵᦉᦲᦅᦲᧇᦷᦉᧇᦵᦉᦲᦵᦉᦲᦷᦆᧂᧈᦵᦉᦲᦉᦲᧂᦵᦉᦲᦵᦙᦲᧂᦵᦉᦲᦟᦻᦔᦱᦵᦉᦲ
ᦶᦙᧁ1mæw⁴500nouncat. [Note: ᦶᦙᧁ refers to the domestic cat. It is not used generically for the feline family. For felines in general see ᦵᦉᦲ 'tiger'.]ᦵᦉᦲ1 2ᦷᦎ 5ᦠᦱᧂ ᦶᦙᧁ ᦟᦱᧆ ᦃᦱ.The cat's tail brushed against my legs.ᦙᧃ ᦺᦡᧉ ᦍᦲᧃ ᦵᦉᧂ ᦶᦙᧁᧈ ᦶᦙᧁᧈ, ᦶᦙᧁ ᦷᦂᧂᧉ ᦷᦎ ᧚ ᦶᦟᧃᧈ ᦀᦸᧅᧈ ᦵᦣᦲᧃ ᦺᦝ ᦙᦱ.He heard a 'meow-meow', and a spotted cat ran out of the kitchen.ᦟᦳᧇ ᦶᦙᧁ.Stroke a cat.ᦶᦙᧁ ᦠᦳᧄ ᦷᦖᧆ ᦺᦉ, ᦍᦱᧄ ᦺᦡ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦌᦽᧈ ᦐᦱᧉ ᦌᦽᧈ ᦎᦱ ᦊᦴᧈ.Cats like to be clean; they are always washing their faces.6.3.1.6Cat1.6.1.1.2Carnivoreᦷᦓᧅᦅᧁᧉᦶᦙᧁᦓᦸᦓᦱᧉᦡᧂᦶᦙᧁᦷᦣᧇᦋᦱᧂᧉᦣᦱᧂᧈᦶᦙᧁ
ᦗᦸᧈpɔɔ⁵500nounfather. [Note: Used pronominally by or when speaking to men. Also, a father is often called by the name of his oldest child. Thus a man whose oldest child is Xam is called Paw Xam (Xam's father). Also used as a title for craftsmen.]ᦶᦙᧈ 1ᦅᦳᧃ1 3ᦗᦸᧈ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦺᦃᧉ ᦐᧅ.Their father was ill.ᦙᦲ ᦞᧃ ᧚ ᦙᧃ ᦢᦸᧅᧈ ᦃᧁ ᦞᦱᧈ: ᦗᦸᧈ ᦺᦆᧈ ᦊᦱᧅ ᦔᦱ ᦶᦠᧂᧉ.One day he told them, 'I am hungry for dried fish'.ᦗᦸᧈ ᦂᦸᧂ ᦁᦱ ᦍᦳ ᦺᦡᧉ ᧒᧕ ᦔᦲ.Kong's father is 25 years old.ᦃᦱᧉ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦗᦸᧈ ᦋᦱᧂᧈ ᦆᧄ ᦜᦸᧈ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦜᦲᧄᧉ.I had a goldsmith pour some gold bars for me.9.6.3.8Honorifics 4.1.9.1.2Father, motherᦀᦲᦰᦗᦸᧈᦈᧁᧉᦗᦸᧈᦗᦸᧈᦀᦻᧉᦗᦸᧈᦀᦱᧁᦗᦸᧈᦀᦸᧅᧈᦗᦸᧈᦵᦂᧇᦗᦸᧈᦃᦱᧉᦗᦸᧈᦃᦾᧉᦗᦸᧈᦅᦱᧉᦗᦸᧈᦅᦸᧉᦗᦸᧈᦆᦴᦗᦸᧈᦈᦱᧃᦗᦸᧈᦵᦉᧁᧈᦗᦸᧈᦋᦻᦗᦸᧈᦎᦱᦗᦸᧈᦏᧁᧉᦗᦸᧈᦑᦱᧁᧉᦗᦸᧈᦓᦱᦗᦸᧈᦓᦱᧉᦗᦸᧈᦓᦱᧂᦗᦸᧈᦔᦴᧈᦗᦸᧈᦔᦲᧆᦎᦱᦗᦸᧈᦖᦸᦗᦸᧈᦖᦻᧉᦗᦸᧈᦶᦙᧈᦗᦸᧈᦷᦜᧂᦗᦸᧈᦵᦟᧂᧉᦗᦸᧈᦟᦳᧂᦗᦸᧈᦡᦸᧂᦗᦸᧈᦢᦱᧃᧉᦗᦸᧈᦵᦣᦲᧃᦗᦸᧈᦣᦱᧂᧉ
ᦉᧅᦃᦱᧆsaxaat²ᦉᦃᦱᧆ20001nouncalendar, [Note: See ᦔᦲ 'year' for more about the calendar.]ᦔᦲ1 1ᦉᧅ ᦃᦱᧆ ᦺᦑ.The Tai calendar.ᦈᦳᧃ ᦟ ᦉᧅ ᦃᦱᧆ ᧑᧓᧗᧘ ᦷᦎ, ᦉᧅ ᦃᦱᧆ ᦷᦟᧅ ᦔᦲ 2016 ᦷᦎ.1378 in the Culasakaraja calendar, and 2016 in the international calendar.8.4.1.1Calendar2nouneraᦶᦉᧆ ᦉᦲᧂᧈ ᦉᧅ ᦃᦱᧆ ᦓᧃᧉ ᦗᦻ ᦜᦻ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦈᦲᧇ ᦌᧄᧉ ᦵᦠᦲᧃᧉ.Most animals from that era have become extinct.ᦑᦸᧂᦰ ᦵᦞᧂ ᧞ ᦢᦱᧃᧉ ᦑᦳᧂᧈ, ᦅᦸᧉ ᦵᦖᦲᧃ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦉᧅ ᦃᦱᧆ ᧒ ᦋᦱᧆ ᦺᦞᧉ ᧞.If you look at the city and the countryside, it is like two different eras.8.4.1.7Era3noundynastyᦉ ᦃᦱᧆ ᦃᦱᧃᧈ.Han dynasty.4.6.1.1King's familyᦈᦳᧃᦟᦉᧅᦂᦟᦱᦋ
