*pʰaṭʼampʰaṭʼámʔpoke, disturb by poking (hornetsʼ nest)1.6.4.1Animal movement7.7.1HitPrefixed:pʰa-*ṭʼam2Plural*pʰaṭʼatam
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pʰaṭʼe·pʰaṭʼe·´burr, stickers, spiny or prickly seed capsule1.5Plantpʰaṭʼe· qaʔdicomp.pʰaṭʼe· qáʔdia small bush with stickers
miqa·sʼmiqasʼ´your grandmother: mother's mothercfka·kanʔmaqa·sʼmiya·qa·sʼqa·sʼenʔ2.6.5.2Woman4.1.9.1.1Grandfather, grandmotherSecond person possessor of*qaObjectivemiqa·sʼelBenefactivemiqa·sʼeʔkʰeLocativemiqa·sʼeʔnaComitativemiqasʼe·yi
-aaFactual Evidential: used for imperfective or uncompleted actions being watched by the speaker; also for facts or general truths which are known by everybody to be true, whether or not the action has actually been seen by the speakercf-do-inna-qa1-yaoften followed by responsive (as /-a-m/) or by nonfinal verb marker (as /-w-e·/)
-ad1adDurative: frequently translated with a progressive in English, or with the phrase "keep on doing"syn-cid-ed-id-med-uced-wad2following a consonantPlural Agent-acʼ1dur.*bahnatadask about something, ask for information*biʔkʼoyadeat scattered, small pieces of foodeat a snack (eat small amounts, pieces)*caʔkʼoyadcut a few scattered objects*dakʼoladpet*doʔkʼoyadpick up scattered objects (can be scattered abstract entities as well)*hqaladobey a rule or law; abstain (from food), fast, diet; follow restrictiondir.*ca·dfly along*pʰuʔsʼawadplur.pʰuʔsʼawá·dubreak lotscf*pʰusʼa·*baʔkʼoyaddur.baʔkʼoyá·duspeak in a scattered way*daʔkʼoyaddur.daʔkʼoyá·dube acting on a few ungrouped or scattered objects with the hand*diʔkʼoyaddur.diʔkʼoyá·dufall on a few scattered objects [?]*miʔkʼoyaddur.miʔkʼoyá·dusmell here and there, smell a few scattered objects*pʰiʔkʼoyaddur.pʰiʔkʼoyá·duchop here and there with an axe, chop a few scattered objects*qahcawaddur.qahcawá·dueat one thing with anothersyn*qahyolqahcec 1pl. agt.*qahcawacʼ*qaʔdi·ndur.qaʔdinʔ´bite??*sikʼo·yaddur.sikʼoya·du´be rocking or swaying (of a drunk person, or a baby)cf*sikʼo·mapl.*sikʼoya·tadsikʼoyá·tadufr. var.*siʔkʼoyad*sikʼoyanʔqacaus.sikʼoyanʔqáwrock a baby*šaʔkʼoyaddur.šaʔkʼoyá·ducatch a few scattered (fish, leaves, etc.) with a net*šoʔkʼoyaddur.šoʔkʼoyá·ducatch a few scattered (fish) with a line*batʼa·ddir.sound be approaching; hear a sound when it is not there*ciya·ddir.ciya·dú1several crawl or swim along (in one direction)syn*ciwa·d 12several crawl or swim toward here (especially in imperatives)syn*ciwa·d 2
-ad2ad1Directional: along2Directional: toward here (in imperatives)Plural Agent-acʼ2dist.*bide·nʔwadcarry a bunch here and there, all over, all around*cakʰe·nʔwadmove, scoot around on one's butt or rear end*cukʰe·nʔwadpush something arround with a handle or by holding a small part of the larger object, such as of a wheelbarrow*cʰide·nʔwadcarry (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) one thing here and there, all over, all around; drag; lead by the hand*dade·nʔwadcarry, move a heavy object here and there, all over, all around*dakʰe·nʔwadpush, move something around with the hand*dide·nʔwadfall floating here and there (as a feather would do)*dikʰe·nʔwadfall slowly; walk slowly, especially if leaning on something to support self*dukʰe·nʔwadmove or push something around with the finger, such as setting an analog clock*hikʰe·nʔwad(someone to) move self, body around*mikʰe·nʔwadmove something around with the foot, such as by kicking*mukʰe·nʔwadmove car around; drive around in car*ne·nʔwadtune*side·nʔwadone float or sail here and there, all over, all around*šude·nʔwadlead one (person, animal) here and there, all over, all around; pull (with a rope)*šukʰe·nʔwadpull, drag something arounddir.*bisa·dcarry several long objects in the arms along, in one directionbring several long objects in the arms toward here*biye·dwalk along while holding something in one's arms, or while hugging someone*casa·dpush along several objects by backing up (either with one’s own body or with a machine such as a car)*caye·dpush or move something along with the shoulders, with something massive, whether slow or fast*cikʰe·dmove, push something along by holding a smaller part of the large object, such as a handle*co·dliquid or other shapeless substance move within a container(several) swim*cukʰe·dcarry or move something along by holding a handle or a smaller part of a larger object*cusa·dseveral people float along, be pushed along by the front end (of a bulldozer, etc.)*cuye·dwalk along while holding something with a round object or with the front end*cuʔbucubu·dgo along bumping into unseen obstacles while trying find them (a blind person, or someone moving in the dark)*cʰiye·dmove something toward oneself, or walk along while moving something, by means of a holding handle*dade·dcarry, move something heavy along (in one direction)bring, carry, move something heavy toward herewave to move along*dakʰe·dpush something along or around with the hand*dasa·dcarry, move several heavy objects along, in one directionbring, carry, move several heavy objects toward here*daye·dpush along using the hand*de·dfollow; trail, follow tracks*dide·dfall along floating*dikʼi·šadgo or walk along while rolling one's eyes; keep rolling one's eyes*disa·dseveral objects fall along floating*diʔsʼiladpour (water) so that it splashes around*dukʰe·dpush, move, or slide something along or toward here, using the finger, such as setting the time on an analog clock or opening curtains*dusa·dpush several objects along with the finger*duye·dmove something along using the fingers; steer a car or other vehicle; lead, guide (a blind person, or something that can’t do it itself)*hade·dmove something along with footmove self along with wings*hasa·dmove several objects along with the footseveral move along with wings*haye·dmove along with the foot pressed on something, such as riding in a car with the foot propped up*hiba·dgo along for food, implying the search is for deer or other prey that moves*hikʰe·d(entire body) move along; (skill) to increase*hisa·dpush several objects with body*hiye·dmove along with the body, while pressing the body against something or someone*hqa·dmove straight along lengthwise; weave a straight lattice weave (not a Kashaya style)*hšiṭʰadlook for, search for*hya·dblow, be blowing: said of the wind*masa·dcarry several objects along in the claws, as a hawk would a fish*maye·dmove along or with the foot, move while holding something with the foot*mica·dthrow several hither*mikʰe·dmove something along by pushing or kicking it with the foot*misa·dmove several objects along with the toe; move several objects along by kickingclouds move along*mitadthrow or move several objects toward here, one after another; throw off the ground*mude·dmove along with energy*musa·dmove several objects along with energy [?]*pasa·dmove several objects along with the end of a long object (such as the fist); by wrapping*pe·dflow along*pisa·dseveral watch something go along with the connotation of spying*pusa·dmove several objects along by blowing*pʰade·dmove along one thing with the end of a long object (such as the fist); by wrapping*pʰaye·dmove or push something along, guide or prod an animal, using the end of a long object*pʰiye·dmove or push something along with the side of a long object*qade·dmove something along with the teeth, with the mouth*qahle·dbe getting light, daylight*qaye·dmove something in the teeth; carry something along holding it in the teeth*siye·dmove while holding something in the mouth by sucking it*šade·dmove something along with a long object moving lengthwise*šasa·dmove several objects along with a long object moving lengthwise*še·dwalk along, walk toward here wearing certain clothes*šiba·dgo along for food, implying the search is for deer or other prey that moves*šude·dlead one (person, animal) along, in one direction; pull (with a rope)lead one (person, animal) toward here; pull (with a rope)*šukʰe·dpull something along; move something along by pulling it, such as with a wagon*šusa·dlead several (people, animals) along, in one direction; pull (with a rope)lead several (people, animals) toward here; pull (with a rope)*šuye·dmove or lead an animal, person, or object by pulling, especially of a rope or clothing*tʼo·da cloud move alonga cloud (esp. of fog, dust) move toward here*ṭʰiladgo along stooped*bade·ddir.bade·du´1v-hndmove or push along with the snout (of an animal)pl.*basa·d2vdirect, give directions, encouragesyn*bayepl. agt.*bade·cʼ*bahqʰayaddir.bahqʰayá·dupush along with mouth*bane·ddir.bane·du´1throw object to location2move object to location*basa·ddir.basa·du´move or push several objects along with snout (of an animal)sg.*bade·d 1pl. agt.*basa·cʼ*baye·ddir.baye·du´send someone along with instructions; tell (a blind person) which way to gopl.*bayehtadbayéhtadu*baye·daducdir.bayeda·dúʔFree Variant of*baye·ducwarn, remind when leavingpl.*bayehtada·ducbayéhtada·duʔ*cisa·ddir.cisa·dú1carry (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) several things along, in one direction; drag; lead by the handsg.*cʰide·d 12bring (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) several things toward here; drag; lead by the handsg.*cʰide·d 2pl. agt.*cisa·cʼ*ciwa·ddir.ciwa·du´1crawl or swim along (in one direction)syn*ciya·cʼ*ciya·d 12crawl or swim toward here (especially in imperatives)syn*ciya·d 2*cuhqʰayaddir.cuhqʰayádupush something along forward on ground or table*cʰide·ddir.cʰide·du´1carry (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) one thing along, in one direction; drag; lead by the handpl.*cisa·d 12bring (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) one thing toward here; drag; lead by the handpl.*cisa·d 2pl.*cʰidihtadpl. agt.*cʰide·cʼ*daqʰa·saddir.daqʰasa·du´noise of rubbing hand against something*do·ddir.do·du´put hand along*hiqʰa·saddir.hiqʰasa·du´go along with the body rubbing against (a wall)*miqʰa·saddir.miqʰasa·du'shuffle feet while walking along, making noise*pahqʰayaddir.pahqʰayá·duslide a long object (cane) point first; slide object by poking*puhṭi·ddir.puhṭi·du´dance around; move around dancing*sibo·ddir.sibo·du´1group float or sail along, together in one directionsg.*side·d 12group float or sail toward heresg.*side·d 2pl. agt.*sibo·cʼ*side·ddir.side·du´1one float or sail along, in one directionpl.*sibo·d 12one float or sail toward herepl.*sibo·d 2pl. agt.*side·cʼ*sikʰe·ddir.sikʰe·du´move something along with the tongue or by suckingpl.*sikʰehtadsikʰétadu
-adadadad1Locomotory (with non-motion verb): the Agent, while performing the action of the verb, is moving from one place to another, or is intermittently doing so; duplicate use indicates that the movement is definitely intermittent2Locomotory (with motion verb): intermittent movement; duplicant use intensifies this meaning, i.e. it is more intermittent or continues a longer distance3Locomotory (with change of state verb): indicates a steady or gradual change, with no movement impliedPlural Agent-acʼacʼlocom.*maʔkʼuṭʰmakʼuṭʰa·dadbe making crunching sounds from intermittently walking (on leaves, grass, twigs)
-aducaducDirectional: far away in space or time; at a distance, away to a distance, from a distancePlural Agent-acʼicdir.*ca·ducpilot an airplane off to distance*daʔsʼila·ducsplash far with hand*diyota·ducspill and spread*haʔsʼila·ducsplash (water) far or to a distance with a swinging motion of the arm or leg*hiʔsʼila·ducsplash far or to a distance*macica·ducbecome day*qaʔsʼila·ducsquirt or splash something to a distance, as the result of squeezing (a tube of toothpaste, for instance)qʰa·mosʼ šuṭʰuṭa·ducn.p.qʰá·mosʼ šuṭʰuṭa·duʔshooting starpl.qʰa·mosʼ šuṭʰuhṭaducqʰá·mosʼ šuṭʰuhṭaduʔ*bahcʰiwa·ducdir.bahcʰiwá·duʔshame, insult, or criticize someonepl.*bacʰihwaduc*bahqʰabaqʰa·ducdir.sound fade in distance*bane·ducdir.bane·dúʔ1use up contents; run out of supply2fall asleep*batʼa·ducdir.sound remind you of other sound; sound travel far or away*baye·daducdir.bayeda·dúʔFree Variant of*baye·ducwarn, remind when leavingpl.*bayehtada·ducbayéhtada·duʔ*baye·ducdir.baye·dúʔremind or warn someone of something as they are leaving; send someone away with instructions to be careful or to be goodpl.*bayehtaducbayéhtaduʔfr. var.*baye·daduc*bayota·ducdir.to scatter, scare away (sheep, birds) by clapping or yelling; animals scattering food with their mouths*be·ducdir.be·dúʔcarry a long object far, away to a distancesyn*bide·duc*codo·duc 1*diduc*bida·ducdir.bida·dúʔriver or stream to branch out, extend farpl.*bidahtaducbidáhtaduʔ*bide·ducdir.bide·dúʔcarry a bunch far, away to a distancesyn*be·duc*codo·duc 1*diducpl.*bisa·ducpl. agt.*bide·cʼic*bisa·ducdir.bisa·dúʔcarry several long objects in the arms far, away to a distancesg.*bide·ducpl. agt.*bisa·cʼic*cisa·ducdir.cisa·dúʔcarry (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) several things far, away to a distance; drag; lead by the handsg.*cʰide·ducpl. agt.*cisa·cʼic*ciwa·ducdir.ciwa·dúʔcrawl or swim far, away to a distancesyn*ciya·duc*ciya·ducdir.ciya·dúʔseveral crawl or swim far, away to a distancesyn*ciwa·duc*ci·cʼaducdir.cicʼa·dúʔbecome more and more*codo·ducdir.codo·dúʔ1v-hndcarry far, away to a distance in a containersyn*be·duc*bide·duc*diduc2v-hndcarry far, away to a distance while supported underneath, especially on the shoulders or head3v-mvtride a horse far, away to a distancepl. agt.*codo·cicʼ*codo·cʼic*co·ducdir.co·dúʔput aside (food in storage), spread (to fill an area)*cusʼuya·ducdir.cusʼuyá·duʔ1have spread-out corners2corner that is spread outmihca cusʼuya·ducn.p.mihca cúsʼuya·duʔ1adjfour-cornered, having four corners2nsquare or diamond shape*cʰide·ducdir.cʰide·dúʔcarry (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) one thing far, away to a distance; drag; lead by the handpl.*cisa·ducpl. agt.*cʰide·cʼic*dade·ducdir.dade·dúʔcarry, move something heavy far, away to a distancepl.*dasa·ducpl. agt.*dade·cʼic*dahqosʼa·ducdir.dahqosʼá·duʔspill and scatterpl.*daqohsʼaducdaqóhsʼaduʔ*dakʰe·ducdir. dakʰe·dúʔpush something away, such as a plate unwanted foodpl.*dakʰehtaducdakʰéhtaduʔ*damita·ducdir.damíta·duʔthrow away, discard*dasa·ducdir.dasa·dúʔcarry, move several heavy objects far, away to a distancesg.*dade·ducpl. agt.*dasa·cʼic*daʔsʼona·ducdir.punch to make hole*de·ducdir.de·dúʔfollow farpl. mvt.*dehtacʼicpl. agt.*de·cʼic*diducdir.didúʔcarry a nonlong object far, away to a distancesyn*be·duc*bide·duc*codo·duc 1pl.*dihtaducpl.*dihtaducdíhtaduʔ*diya·ducdir.diyáduʔtell, order, command someone to leave, to go awaycf*bayaʔta*qa·yi*qʰaʔdipl. agt.*diya·cʼic*dowa·ducdir.dowá·duʔavoid, ignore, shunpl. agt.*dowa·cʼic*do·ducdir.do·dúʔput hand away (in a hole, where it can’t be seen)*dubila·ducdir.dubilá·duʔsend something away, send offpl.*dubihladucdubíhladuʔcahno dubihladuʔlin.p.cahno dúbihladuʔlitelegraphpl.cahno dubihlacʼiʔlicahno dúbihlacʼiʔli*dukʰe·ducdir.dukʰe·dúʔpush something away or move it to the side, using the fingerspl.*dukʰehtaducdukʰéhtaduʔ*duye·ducdir.duye·dúʔguide someone by holding their arm, etc. or steer a car (away, to a distance??)pl.*duyehtaducduyéhtaduʔduye·duʔliinstr.duye·dúʔlisteering wheelfr. var.ma·kina duye·duʔli*hikʰe·ducdir.hikʰe·dúʔmove one's body awaypl.*hikʰehtaduchikʰéhtaduʔ*hine·ducdir.hine·dúʔbe or go far awaypl.*hinehtacʼichinéhtacʼiʔpl. agt.*hinehtacʼic*hine·cʼic*kihla·ducdir.kihla·dúʔdisappear (into the distance)*kʼuwa·šaducdir.kʼuwaša·dúʔfail to arrive or show up, when traveling from some distance; fail to return from a journeyfr. var.*kʼowa·šaduc*mica·ducdir.throw several hence*mikʼila·ducdir.mikʼilá·duʔ1indicate the direction of a distant, out-of-sight place by gesturing with the face, chin, and pursed lips2make this gesture used as a means of saying "let's go" to that place*mitaducdir.mitadúʔthrow several objects away, one after another*mukʰe·ducdir.mukʰe·dúʔmove car away, somewhere elsepl.*mukʰehtaducmukʰéhtaduʔ*ne·ducdir.ne·dúʔflop down, fall over [stretched out?]syn*mica·cʼic*pisa·ducdir.pisa·dúʔ1v-mvtseveral watch someone leave or go to a far place; several see someone off – not secretlysg.*pʰide·duc 12v-hndmove or hit several objects far away with the side of a long object; bat away several objectssg.*pʰide·duc 2pl.*pisahtaduc*posoṭa·ducdir.posoṭá·duʔblow away; explode into bits*pʰe·ducdir.pʰe·dúʔcarry far (person on back)*pʰide·ducdir.pʰide·dúʔ1v-mvtwatch someone leave or go to a far place; see someone off – not secretlypl.*pisa·duc 12v-hndmove or hit something far away with the side of a long object; bat awaypl.*pisa·duc 2*pʰoʔbola·ducdir.pʰoʔbolá·duʔwind to blow over (a container) and scatter the contents*qʰaʔawa·ducdir.qʰaʔawá·duʔmorning arrivefr. var.*qʰaʔaduc*qʼawa·ducdir.qʼawá·duʔleave something set away; to put away, store away, hide awaycf*diʔboq*kʼili·cʼ 1pl.*qʼahcaducqʼáhcaduʔ*qʼahwaducdial. var.*ʔqʼawa·cʼic*ʔqʼawa·ducpl. agt.*qʼawa·cʼic*qʼa·wacʼic*ʔqʼawa·cʼic*sibo·ducdir.sibo·dúʔgroup float or sail far, away to a distancesg.*side·ducpl. agt.*sibo·cʼic*side·ducdir.side·dúʔone float or sail far, away to a distance; sail off, set sailpl.*sibo·ducpl. agt.*side·cʼic*sihla·ducdir.sihla·dúʔgo with flat-facepl.*silata·ducsilatá·duʔ*šeṭʰe·yaducdir.šeṭʰe·yáduʔspread out, make widecf*šuʔtʼutʰuc*šiba·ducdir.šiba·dúʔgo away to the (distant) place where the hunt will be, not hunting untl arriving theresyn*hiba·duc*šude·ducdir.šude·dúʔlead one (person, animal) far, away to a distance; pull (with a rope)pl.*šusa·ducpl. agt.*šude·cʼic*šuhkema·ducdir.šuhkemá·duʔnot be heard frompl. agt.*šuhkema·cʼic*šusa·ducdir.šusa·dúʔlead several (people, animals) far, away to a distance; pull (with a rope)sg.*šude·ducpl. agt.*šusa·cʼic*tʼo·ducdir.tʼo·duʔ´a cloud (esp. of fog, dust) move awaypl.*tʼohtaductʼóhtaduʔ*ṭʰabaducdir.ṭʰabadúʔbe away, absent*ṭʰaba·ducdir.ṭʰaba·dúʔ1come to be in a distant place, not be here anymore2stretch out, extend into the distance*ṭʰaba·ducʰqacaus.ṭʰaba·dúcʰqaw1cause not to be here; fail at doing something2ridicule, show disrepect toward (someone)pl. agt.*ṭʰaba·cʼicʰqa*ṭʼaya·ducdir.ṭʼayá·duʔpour out a liquid to throw it away or get rid of itcf*ṭʼaya·q*ʔdanepl.*ṭʼahyaduc*wa·ducdir.wa·dúʔone go far, away to a distancesyn*da·cʼicʰqa 1*hayohmacʼic*pʰila·cʼic
-ahmucʼahmucʼplural form of the Directional-Distributive suffix combination -ad-wad, indicating movement of several actors "around" or "here and there"syn-tʰmucʼoccurs in contexts where the Plural form /t/ is not appropriateplur.*duhṭʰalahmucʼquarrel with each other*haʔdahmucʼswap, trade (one or several things), exchange, change, take turnschange into (something different)dist.*duhṭʰalahmucʼquarrel with each other*haʔdahmucʼswap, trade (one or several things), exchange, change, take turnschange into (something different)recip.*maʔdaqʰahmucʼbe married to each other
-alaala1Directional: down, without reference to "here" or "there"cf-alamecʼ*sida·ladir.sida·láwone float or sail downpl.*sibo·la2Inceptive: begin an involuntary actn.p.ʔama kʼoṭoca·lawgully, steep and rough bluff where you can't go downabs.ciqʰahlalawsledqasita·lawsoaked and split buckeye nutspref.*dokʼo·yalatip down something long that is standing up, using the fingersplur.ciqʰahlalawsleddir.*be·lacarry a long object down*bida·la1carry a bunch down*bida·la2river extend down*bisa·lacarry several long objects in the arms down*cakʼihwalamake cuts downward (when whittling)*ca·lafly down (of bird, airplane, or something thrown from height)(sun) setciqʰahlalawsled*codo·lacarry in a container down; pick up (container) and set lower (or into something)carry down while supported underneath, especially on the shoulders or headride a horse down*co·laset (baby) into (basket); set down (baby in basket)(water) go down*cuhcʰiwa·lashoot a lot of game, shoot down many (birds); slaughter*cʰeʔeta·ladip into*dada·lacarry, move, put something heavy down into somethingbury a person*dasa·lacarry, move, put several heavy objects down into somethingbury several people*daʔsʼila·lasling (water) down by shaking or flicking the hand*da·laextend down*dihwatʼa·lafall loose and ragged*dihyoqʰa·lashake so that a lot of little pieces to fall down on something*dikʰe·lasomething to slip or fall downwards and out of place, such as clothes falling off*dikʼe·nalafeel pain (in the throat) from the pressure (of some too big piece of food) moving down*dilacarry a nonlong object down*diyota·laspill down in pile*do·laput hand down*dubila·lasend away*duda·lapush or move down with the fingerload (an arrow in a bow); aim a loaded weapon, ready to shoot*dukʰe·laslide, push, move omething down with the finger(s)*dusa·lapush or move several objects down with the finger*duye·laguide, lead, or hold someone while going down; steer (a car) downhill*duʔkʼuwa·ladestroy, kill all, wipe out*hanaca·la1remain, stay behind, be left behind*haʔsʼila·lasplash (water) downward with a swinging motion: sling (water) down; put hand into water, making a splash*hikʰe·lamove, slide body down*htalaclimb downput on (legs, feet)*kʼiši·lamake sound of running water*mitalathrow or put several objects down, one after another*miṭi·calaone lie down between*muda·ladance down (into the dance house)*musukʼa·la(fire) burn down to coals*muʔdiwa·ladiffuse down through*na·laput down (in)*pahcʰiwa·laspear a lot of game, spear many (fish)*pihciṭa·la(land) drop away perpendicularly or precipitouslysteep (land)*pisa·laseveral watch something go down*pʰe·lacarry (person) down on back*pʰida·lawatch something go downward*pʰiʔduwa·lasee through*qada·la1lower something with the teeth, with the mouth*qadu·lasplice rope or attach new stick in basket making or attach knob to chest*qasa·lalower several objects with the teethqasita·lawsoaked and split buckeye nuts*qʼaca·laleave behind*qʼawa·lato take something down to leave*siʔduwa·lasoak down through*šahtalawear (clothes on legs?)*še·lawear (certain clothes) down*šiba·talabody to undergo a changespirit enter body, for a good purpose*šinala·lawash head by ducking it*šuda·lalead one (person, animal) down; pull (with a rope)*šukʼihṭʰalahave deep parallel marks*šunaca·la??*šusa·lalead several (people, animals) down; pull (with a rope)*tʼa·lastart to feel; start to think; have a thought or idea; a thought occurs to (oneself)*ṭʰaba·la(land) slope downward*ṭʼaya·lapour something out so it falls downward into something else; dump something from a container into waterincep.*duʔya·qalastart to think; get an idea*hqala·lastart to obey or follow a rule, restriction, taboo, or law; start to abstain (from food), begin a fast*htena·lacalm down*qahsila·laget coldhisʼu· ṭʰiwi·lawn.p.hisʼu· ṭʰiwí·lawarrow notch*bacu·ladir.bacu·láwjump down*bana·la1dir.bana·láwput (several) down in*bana·la2dir.bana·láwthrow downʔahqʰa banala·muʔlin.p.ʔahqʰa bánala·muʔliconfluence of streams; where two streams flow togetherʔahqʰa bana·lawn.p.ʔahqʰa bána·lawwaterfall*bana·lahqacaus.bana·láhqawput down*baṭica·ladir.baṭicá·lawhang down (such as sash on clothing or body); (of clothing) have vertical stripessg.*miṭi·calapl.*baṭihcalabaṭíhcalawbaṭihcala· koʔyiph. adj.baṭíhcala· koʔyistriped; having vertical stripescf*dakʼihṭʰala 1*baʔsʼawa·ladir.baʔsʼawá·lawlowering (of voice)*cisa·ladir.cisa·láwcarry (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) several things down; drag; lead by the handsg.*cʰida·la*ciwaladir.ciwaláwcrawl or swim downsyn*ciya·laciwalawabs.ciwaláwshirtʔiyow ʔbakʰe ciwalawn.p.ʔiyów ʔbakʰe ciwalawundershirtsynkamise·tekotonʔiyow ʔbakʰe kʼaṭa*ciya·ladir.ciya·láwseveral crawl or swim downsyn*ciwala*cʰida·ladir.cʰida·láwmove or drag one item downward while holding part of it, such as a handle; carry down on the back; lead a person downpl.*cisa·la*dakʼihṭʰaladir.dakʼíhṭʰalaw1vhave parallel stripes running downward; have vertical stripescfbaṭihcala· koʔyi2adjstriped*daqʰa·saladir.daqʰasa·láwrub the palm of the hand downward (on a wall), producing a sound*daʔṭʼaša·ladir.daʔṭʼašá·lawpress down with the hand to put into place something that has bent out at a joint; press the lid on a boxpl.*daṭʼahšaladaṭʼáhšalaw*da·lahqadir.dalahqáw1two (male or female) go downsyn*hayohmala*pʰilala*wala 12a few men go downfr. var.*dalahqa*duʔkʼiya·ladir.duʔkʼiyá·lawmake a mark with the finger moving downward*hayohmaladir.hayóhmalawseveral (separately) go downsyn*da·lahqa 1*pʰilala*wala 1*huʔuta·ladir.-reach the bottom *huʔuta·lamucʼrecip.be face to face*mohkota·ladir.mohkotá·lawburned down to ashes or badly burned (man)*munaca·ladir.munacá·lawstay or leave something behind after a fire*pe·ladir.pe·láwflow downpl.*pehtalapéhtalaw*pʰilaladir.pʰilaláwgroup go downsyn*da·lahqa 1*hayohmala*wala 1dial. var.*pʰilahtala*sibo·ladir.sibo·láwgroup float or sail downsg.*sida·la*šokʼo·yaladir.šokʼoya·láwtip downward something long that is standing upunspec. var.*sikʼohyala*naʔbaca·laincep.naʔbacá·lawbecome puzzled, discover one does not know how
-alamecʼalamecʼDirectional: down off of a place, down out of an enclosed areasʼihta qawí yya šaʔáhtala·mecʼe·duhe always takes down small birds (from the tree)ciqʰala·laméʔ tʰinit didn’t drag him off (the horse)cf-ala 1dir.*be·lamecʼcarry a long object down off of*bida·lamecʼcarry a bunch down off of, take down from a high place*bisa·lamecʼcarry several long objects in the arms down off of somewhere*codo·lamecʼcarry down off of in a containercarry down off of while supported underneath, especially on the shoulders or headride a horse down off of*cʰula·lamed(water) drain out, down, away*dada·lamecʼcarry, move something heavy down off of*dasa·lamecʼcarry, move several heavy objects down off of somewhere*dilamecʼcarry a nonlong object down off of*diʔcʼola·lamecʼsink down*dukʰe·lamecʼsome quantity to undergo a decrease or be lowered; also applies to other decreasing, such as in crochet*hikʰe·lamecʼmove body down off, out of something*htala·mecʼclimb down from, climb back down; take foot down from*pe·lamecʼ(water) flow down and outdroop, sag (of a face or flower)droopy, saggy (face, flower)*šuda·lamecʼlead one (person, animal) down off of; pull (with a rope)*šukʰe·lamecʼpull down, bend towards, off of something*šusa·lamecʼlead several (people, animals) down off of; pull (with a rope)*šuʔtʼeya·lamecʼpull down (on a tree branch); grab (hair) and pull (neck) down*bana·lamecʼdir.bana·lámeʔput down inpl.*mica·lamecʼ*cisa·lamecʼdir.cisala·méʔcarry (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) several things down off of; drag; lead by the handsg.*cʰida·lamecʼ*ciwalamecʼdir.ciwalaméʔcrawl or swim down off of or out of an enclosed areasyn*ciya·lamecʼ*ciya·lamecʼdir.ciyala·méʔseveral crawl or swim down off of or out of an enclosed areasyn*ciwalamecʼ*cʰida·lamecʼdir.cʰidala·méʔcarry (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) one thing down off of; drag; lead by the handpl.*cisa·lamecʼ*dala·mecʼqadir.dalá·mecʼqaw1two (male or female) go down off ofsyn*hayohmala·mecʼ*pʰilala·mecʼ*wala·mecʼ2a few men go down off of*hayohmala·mecʼdir.hayóhmala·meʔseveral (separately) go down off ofsyn*dala·mecʼqa 1*pʰilala·mecʼ*wala·mecʼ*mala·lamecʼdir.malala·méʔ(year) endʔama malala·meʔn.p.ʔama málala·meʔend of year (beginning of winter)*na·lamecʼdir.na·laméʔ1vfall down, collapsesyn*dihlo·m*dihwatʼ*diwaṭʰ*hiwaṭʰ2v-hndtake out of*pʰilala·mecʼdir.pʰilalá·meʔgroup go down off ofsyn*dala·mecʼqa 1*hayohmala·mecʼ*wala·mecʼ*sibo·lamecʼdir.sibola·méʔgroup float or sail down off ofsg.*sida·lamecʼ*sida·lamecʼdir.sidala·méʔone float or sail down off ofpl.*sibo·lamecʼ*wala·mecʼdir.walá·meʔone go down off ofsyn*dala·mecʼqa 1*hayohmala·mecʼ*pʰilala·mecʼ
-aloqaloqDirectional: up toward here, moving upward and in this directionmu·kito hásima ʔuhwa hla· baṭica·loʔhis whiskers were lying stretched up out (of the cave)dir.*be·loqbring a long object up to here*bida·loqbring a bunch up to here*bisa·loqbring several long objects in the arms up toward here*ciya·loqseveral crawl or swim up to herebulge out*codo·loqbring up to here in a containerbring up to here while supported underneath, especially on the shoulders or headride a horse up to here*coloq(water in container) rise up towards speaker*dada·loqbring, carry, move something heavy up to here*dasa·loqbring, carry, move several heavy objects up toward here*dihtaloqbring several nonlong objects up to here*diloqcarry, bring a nonlong object in the hand up toward here*htaloqclimb up here*huʔuta·loqclimb to top, appear at top, mount*hyawa·loqvomit up once, throw up once*mitaloqthrow or put several objects up toward here, one after another*moloq(food) run (short)*qahleloqget or become light, daylight*qaloqthrow, jump up hither ?*šuda·loqlead one (person, animal) up toward here; pull (with a rope)*šusa·loqlead several (people, animals) up toward here; pull (with a rope)*bana·loqdir.bana·lóʔregurgitate; throw food up; food come back up*caloqdir.calóʔ1 rise (of the sun or stars)ant*ca·la 22fly up toward here (of bird, airplane)ant*ca·la 1haʔda caloʔcomp.haʔda cáloʔsunriseanthaʔda ca·law*cisa·loqdir.cisa·lóʔbring (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) several things up toward here; drag; lead by the handsg.*cʰida·loq*ciwoloqdir.ciwolóʔ1v-mvtcrawl, swim up to heresyn*ciya·loq 12vbulge outsyn*ciya·loq 2ʔuhqʰa ciwoloqcomp.ʔuhqʰa cíwoloʔhernia*cʰida·loqdir.cʰida·lóʔbring (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) one thing up toward here; drag; lead by the handpl.*cisa·loq*da·lohqadir.dalohqáw1two (male or female) come up to heresyn*hayohmaloq*pʰiloloq*woloq 12a few men come up to herefr. var.*dalohqa*hayohmaloqdir.hayóhmaloʔseveral (separately) come up to heresyn*da·lohqa 1*pʰiloloq*woloq 1*sibo·loqdir.sibo·lóʔgroup float or sail up to heresg.*sida·loq*sida·loqdir.sida·lóʔone float or sail up to here; (boat) to landpl.*sibo·loq*tʼoloqdir.tʼolóʔ(fog) move this way, up toward herecf*sina·*ʔtʼom 1dahpʰot 1maqʰa haʔṭʰomusa·la haʔṭʰopl.*tʼohtaloqtʼóhtaloʔ*woloqdir.wolóʔ1v-mvtone come up to heresyn*da·lohqa 1*hayohmaloq*pʰiloloq2vrun out-aloqocʼrefl.aloqocʼDirectional + Reflexive: up and out of; no meaning of "hither" as found in -aloq by itselfšusʼihwalo·qoʔdir.abs.šusʼíhwalo·qoʔsuspendersdial. var.šuhciwa·loqocʼunspec. var.šuhciwa·loqoʔ*cisa·loqocʼdir.cisalo·qóʔbring (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) several things up out of; drag; lead by the handsg.*cʰida·loqocʼ*ciwolo·qocʼdir.ciwoló·qoʔcrawl or swim up out ofsyn*ciya·loqocʼ*ciya·loqocʼdir.ciyalo·qóʔseveral crawl or swim up out ofsyn*ciwolo·qocʼ*cʰida·loqocʼdir.cʰidalo·qóʔbring (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) one thing up out of; drag; lead by the handpl.*cisa·loqocʼ*dalo·qocʼqadir.daló·qocʼqaw1two (male or female) come up out ofsyn*hayohmalo·qocʼ*pʰilolo·qocʼ2*wolo·qocʼ2a few men come up out of*hayohmalo·qocʼdir.hayóhmalo·qoʔseveral (separately) come up out ofsyn*dalo·qocʼqa 1*pʰilolo·qocʼ2*wolo·qocʼ*lowa·loqocʼdir.lowá·loqoʔget free from being tied up, from jail, from loose clothing, or from obligationscf*hlokʰ*hluṭʼ2pl.*lohwalo·qocʼ*pʰilolo·qocʼ2dir.pʰiloló·qoʔgroup come up out ofsyn*dalo·qocʼqa 1*hayohmalo·qocʼ*wolo·qocʼ*qʰadaloqocʼdir.qʰadaló·qoʔcall, summon someone out here*qʼa·waloqocʼdir.qʼawá·loqoʔload up (a vehicle)pl.*qʼahcaloqocʼqʼáhcaloqoʔ*sibo·loqocʼdir.sibolo·qóʔgroup float or sail up out ofsg.*sida·loqocʼ*sida·loqocʼdir.sidalo·qóʔone float or sail up out ofpl.*sibo·loqocʼ*wolo·qocʼdir.woló·qoʔone come up out ofsyn*dalo·qocʼqa 1*hayohmalo·qocʼ*pʰilolo·qocʼ2
-aloqocʼaloqocʼDirectional + Reflexive: up and out of; no meaning of "hither" as found in -aloq by itselfReflexive of-aloqdir.*be·loqocʼbring a long object up out of*bida·loqocʼbring a bunch up out of*bisa·loqocʼbring several long objects in the arms up out of somewhere*cikʰe·loqocʼpull something out or off, especially with a handle or by holding a smaller part of the larger object*codo·loqocʼbring up out of in a containerbring up out of while supported underneath, especially on the shoulders or headride a horse up out of, toward here*dada·loqocʼbring, carry, move something heavy up out of*dasa·loqocʼbring, carry, move several heavy objects up out of somewhere*diloqocʼbring a nonlong object up out of*hida·loqocʼput out of business*htalo·qocʼclimb up out of*šuda·loqocʼlead one (person, animal) up out of; pull (with a rope)*šusa·loqocʼlead several (people, animals) up out of; pull (with a rope)šusʼihwalo·qoʔdir.abs.šusʼíhwalo·qoʔsuspendersdial. var.šuhciwa·loqocʼunspec. var.šuhciwa·loqoʔ*cisa·loqocʼdir.cisalo·qóʔbring (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) several things up out of; drag; lead by the handsg.*cʰida·loqocʼ*ciwolo·qocʼdir.ciwoló·qoʔcrawl or swim up out ofsyn*ciya·loqocʼ*ciya·loqocʼdir.ciyalo·qóʔseveral crawl or swim up out ofsyn*ciwolo·qocʼ*cʰida·loqocʼdir.cʰidalo·qóʔbring (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) one thing up out of; drag; lead by the handpl.*cisa·loqocʼ*dalo·qocʼqadir.daló·qocʼqaw1two (male or female) come up out ofsyn*hayohmalo·qocʼ*pʰilolo·qocʼ2*wolo·qocʼ2a few men come up out of*hayohmalo·qocʼdir.hayóhmalo·qoʔseveral (separately) come up out ofsyn*dalo·qocʼqa 1*pʰilolo·qocʼ2*wolo·qocʼ*lowa·loqocʼdir.lowá·loqoʔget free from being tied up, from jail, from loose clothing, or from obligationscf*hlokʰ*hluṭʼ2pl.*lohwalo·qocʼ*pʰilolo·qocʼ2dir.pʰiloló·qoʔgroup come up out ofsyn*dalo·qocʼqa 1*hayohmalo·qocʼ*wolo·qocʼ*qʰadaloqocʼdir.qʰadaló·qoʔcall, summon someone out here*qʼa·waloqocʼdir.qʼawá·loqoʔload up (a vehicle)pl.*qʼahcaloqocʼqʼáhcaloqoʔ*sibo·loqocʼdir.sibolo·qóʔgroup float or sail up out ofsg.*sida·loqocʼ*sida·loqocʼdir.sidalo·qóʔone float or sail up out ofpl.*sibo·loqocʼ*wolo·qocʼdir.woló·qoʔone come up out ofsyn*dalo·qocʼqa 1*hayohmalo·qocʼ*pʰilolo·qocʼ2
-amam1n > vsfxbecome what the root noun denotes2adj > vsfxbecome what the root adjective denotesadded to many nouns and adjectives, but not freelyverb.*baʔcʼalamget, become unlucky*buṭucambecome thin, skinny*kʼanasambecome sick, sickenṭʰalimbecome clear (of water)*ʔahqolamgrow tall (of person)*ʔapʰa·tamrust (of iron)rustrusty*balayamincep.(eyes) become bloodshot; something become bloody?*cʰiʔbulamverb.cʰiʔbulámʔ1vbecome a cobweb2ncobwebpl.*cʰiʔbula·tamcʰiʔbulá·tamʔ
