Kashaya - English


a


-aavsfxFactual Evidential: used for imperfective or uncompleted actions being watched by the speaker; also for facts or general truths which are known by everybody to be true, whether or not the action has actually been seen by the speakercf-do-inna-qa1-yaoften followed by responsive (as /-a-m/) or by nonfinal verb marker (as /-w-e·/)
-acʼ1acʼPlural Agent of-ad1DUR
-acʼ2acʼPlural Agent of-ad2alongto here
-acʼacʼacʼacʼPlural Agent of-adadLOC.n.mvmtLOC.mvmtLOC.stat
-acʼicacʼicPlural Agent of-aducfar away
-ad1advsfxDurative: frequently translated with a progressive in English, or with the phrase "keep on doing"syn-cid-ed-id-med-uced-wad2following a consonantPlural Agent-acʼ1dur.*bahnatadask about something, ask for information*biʔkʼoyadeat scattered, small pieces of foodeat a snack (eat small amounts, pieces)*caʔkʼoyadcut a few scattered objects*dakʼoladpet*doʔkʼoyadpick up scattered objects (can be scattered abstract entities as well)*hqaladobey a rule or law; abstain (from food), fast, diet; follow restrictiondir.*ca·dfly along*pʰuʔsʼawadplur.pʰuʔsʼawá·duvbreak lotscf*pʰusʼa·*baʔkʼoyaddur.baʔkʼoyá·duvspeak in a scattered way*daʔkʼoyaddur.daʔkʼoyá·duvbe acting on a few ungrouped or scattered objects with the hand*diʔkʼoyaddur.diʔkʼoyá·duvfall on a few scattered objects [?]*miʔkʼoyaddur.miʔkʼoyá·duvsmell here and there, smell a few scattered objects*pʰiʔkʼoyaddur.pʰiʔkʼoyá·duvchop here and there with an axe, chop a few scattered objects*qahcawaddur.qahcawá·duveat one thing with anothersyn*qahyolqahcec 1pl. agt.*qahcawacʼ*qaʔdi·ndur.qaʔdinʔ´vbite??*sikʼo·yaddur.sikʼoya·du´vbe rocking or swaying (of a drunk person, or a baby)cf*sikʼo·mapl.*sikʼoya·tadsikʼoyá·tadufr. var.*siʔkʼoyad*sikʼoyanʔqacaus.sikʼoyanʔqáwvrock a baby*šaʔkʼoyaddur.šaʔkʼoyá·duvcatch a few scattered (fish, leaves, etc.) with a net*šoʔkʼoyaddur.šoʔkʼoyá·duvcatch a few scattered (fish) with a line*batʼa·ddir.vsound be approaching; hear a sound when it is not there*ciya·ddir.ciya·dúv-mvt1several crawl or swim along (in one direction)syn*ciwa·d 12several crawl or swim toward here (especially in imperatives)syn*ciwa·d 2
-ad2adv > vsfx1Directional: along2Directional: toward here (in imperatives)Plural Agent-acʼ2dist.*bide·nʔwadcarry a bunch here and there, all over, all around*cakʰe·nʔwadmove, scoot around on one's butt or rear end*cukʰe·nʔwadpush something arround with a handle or by holding a small part of the larger object, such as of a wheelbarrow*cʰide·nʔwadcarry (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) one thing here and there, all over, all around; drag; lead by the hand*dade·nʔwadcarry, move a heavy object here and there, all over, all around*dakʰe·nʔwadpush, move something around with the hand*dide·nʔwadfall floating here and there (as a feather would do)*dikʰe·nʔwadfall slowly; walk slowly, especially if leaning on something to support self*dukʰe·nʔwadmove or push something around with the finger, such as setting an analog clock*hikʰe·nʔwad(someone to) move self, body around*mikʰe·nʔwadmove something around with the foot, such as by kicking*mukʰe·nʔwadmove car around; drive around in car*ne·nʔwadtune*side·nʔwadone float or sail here and there, all over, all around*šude·nʔwadlead one (person, animal) here and there, all over, all around; pull (with a rope)*šukʰe·nʔwadpull, drag something arounddir.*bisa·dcarry several long objects in the arms along, in one directionbring several long objects in the arms toward here*biye·dwalk along while holding something in one's arms, or while hugging someone*casa·dpush along several objects by backing up (either with one’s own body or with a machine such as a car)*caye·dpush or move something along with the shoulders, with something massive, whether slow or fast*cikʰe·dmove, push something along by holding a smaller part of the large object, such as a handle*co·dliquid or other shapeless substance move within a container(several) swim*cukʰe·dcarry or move something along by holding a handle or a smaller part of a larger object*cusa·dseveral people float along, be pushed along by the front end (of a bulldozer, etc.)*cuye·dwalk along while holding something with a round object or with the front end*cuʔbucubu·dgo along bumping into unseen obstacles while trying find them (a blind person, or someone moving in the dark)*cʰiye·dmove something toward oneself, or walk along while moving something, by means of a holding handle*dade·dcarry, move something heavy along (in one direction)bring, carry, move something heavy toward herewave to move along*dakʰe·dpush something along or around with the hand*dasa·dcarry, move several heavy objects along, in one directionbring, carry, move several heavy objects toward here*daye·dpush along using the hand*de·dfollow; trail, follow tracks*dide·dfall along floating*dikʼi·šadgo or walk along while rolling one's eyes; keep rolling one's eyes*disa·dseveral objects fall along floating*diʔsʼiladpour (water) so that it splashes around*dukʰe·dpush, move, or slide something along or toward here, using the finger, such as setting the time on an analog clock or opening curtains*dusa·dpush several objects along with the finger*duye·dmove something along using the fingers; steer a car or other vehicle; lead, guide (a blind person, or something that can’t do it itself)*hade·dmove something along with footmove self along with wings*hasa·dmove several objects along with the footseveral move along with wings*haye·dmove along with the foot pressed on something, such as riding in a car with the foot propped up*hiba·dgo along for food, implying the search is for deer or other prey that moves*hikʰe·d(entire body) move along; (skill) to increase*hisa·dpush several objects with body*hiye·dmove along with the body, while pressing the body against something or someone*hqa·dmove straight along lengthwise; weave a straight lattice weave (not a Kashaya style)*hšiṭʰadlook for, search for*hya·dblow, be blowing: said of the wind*masa·dcarry several objects along in the claws, as a hawk would a fish*maye·dmove along or with the foot, move while holding something with the foot*mica·dthrow several hither*mikʰe·dmove something along by pushing or kicking it with the foot*misa·dmove several objects along with the toe; move several objects along by kickingclouds move along*mitadthrow or move several objects toward here, one after another; throw off the ground*mude·dmove along with energy*musa·dmove several objects along with energy [?]*pasa·dmove several objects along with the end of a long object (such as the fist); by wrapping*pe·dflow along*pisa·dseveral watch something go along with the connotation of spying*pusa·dmove several objects along by blowing*pʰade·dmove along one thing with the end of a long object (such as the fist); by wrapping*pʰaye·dmove or push something along, guide or prod an animal, using the end of a long object*pʰiye·dmove or push something along with the side of a long object*qade·dmove something along with the teeth, with the mouth*qahle·dbe getting light, daylight*qaye·dmove something in the teeth; carry something along holding it in the teeth*siye·dmove while holding something in the mouth by sucking it*šade·dmove something along with a long object moving lengthwise*šasa·dmove several objects along with a long object moving lengthwise*še·dwalk along, walk toward here wearing certain clothes*šiba·dgo along for food, implying the search is for deer or other prey that moves*šude·dlead one (person, animal) along, in one direction; pull (with a rope)lead one (person, animal) toward here; pull (with a rope)*šukʰe·dpull something along; move something along by pulling it, such as with a wagon*šusa·dlead several (people, animals) along, in one direction; pull (with a rope)lead several (people, animals) toward here; pull (with a rope)*šuye·dmove or lead an animal, person, or object by pulling, especially of a rope or clothing*tʼo·da cloud move alonga cloud (esp. of fog, dust) move toward here*ṭʰiladgo along stooped*bade·ddir.bade·du´1v-hndmove or push along with the snout (of an animal)pl.*basa·d2vdirect, give directions, encouragesyn*bayepl. agt.*bade·cʼ*bahqʰayaddir.bahqʰayá·duvpush along with mouth*bane·ddir.bane·du´v1throw object to location2move object to location*basa·ddir.basa·du´v-hndmove or push several objects along with snout (of an animal)sg.*bade·d 1pl. agt.*basa·cʼ*baye·ddir.baye·du´vsend someone along with instructions; tell (a blind person) which way to gopl.*bayehtadbayéhtadu*baye·daducdir.bayeda·dúʔFree Variant of*baye·ducwarn, remind when leavingpl.*bayehtada·ducbayéhtada·duʔ*cisa·ddir.cisa·dúv-hnd1carry (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) several things along, in one direction; drag; lead by the handsg.*cʰide·d 12bring (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) several things toward here; drag; lead by the handsg.*cʰide·d 2pl. agt.*cisa·cʼ*ciwa·ddir.ciwa·du´v-mvt1crawl or swim along (in one direction)syn*ciya·cʼ*ciya·d 12crawl or swim toward here (especially in imperatives)syn*ciya·d 2*cuhqʰayaddir.cuhqʰayáduvpush something along forward on ground or table*cʰide·ddir.cʰide·du´v-hnd1carry (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) one thing along, in one direction; drag; lead by the handpl.*cisa·d 12bring (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) one thing toward here; drag; lead by the handpl.*cisa·d 2pl.*cʰidihtadpl. agt.*cʰide·cʼ*daqʰa·saddir.daqʰasa·du´vnoise of rubbing hand against something*do·ddir.do·du´vput hand along*hiqʰa·saddir.hiqʰasa·du´vgo along with the body rubbing against (a wall)*miqʰa·saddir.miqʰasa·du'vshuffle feet while walking along, making noise*pahqʰayaddir.pahqʰayá·duvslide a long object (cane) point first; slide object by poking*puhṭi·ddir.puhṭi·du´vdance around; move around dancing*sibo·ddir.sibo·du´v-mvt1group float or sail along, together in one directionsg.*side·d 12group float or sail toward heresg.*side·d 2pl. agt.*sibo·cʼ*side·ddir.side·du´v-mvt1one float or sail along, in one directionpl.*sibo·d 12one float or sail toward herepl.*sibo·d 2pl. agt.*side·cʼ*sikʰe·ddir.sikʰe·du´vmove something along with the tongue or by suckingpl.*sikʰehtadsikʰétadu
-adadadadv > vsfx1Locomotory (with non-motion verb): the Agent, while performing the action of the verb, is moving from one place to another, or is intermittently doing so; duplicate use indicates that the movement is definitely intermittent2Locomotory (with motion verb): intermittent movement; duplicant use intensifies this meaning, i.e. it is more intermittent or continues a longer distance3Locomotory (with change of state verb): indicates a steady or gradual change, with no movement impliedPlural Agent-acʼacʼlocom.*maʔkʼuṭʰmakʼuṭʰa·dadbe making crunching sounds from intermittently walking (on leaves, grass, twigs)
-aducaducv > vsfxDirectional: far away in space or time; at a distance, away to a distance, from a distancePlural Agent-acʼicdir.*ca·ducpilot an airplane off to distance*daʔsʼila·ducsplash far with hand*diyota·ducspill and spread*haʔsʼila·ducsplash (water) far or to a distance with a swinging motion of the arm or leg*hiʔsʼila·ducsplash far or to a distance*macica·ducbecome day*qaʔsʼila·ducsquirt or splash something to a distance, as the result of squeezing (a tube of toothpaste, for instance)qʰa·mosʼ šuṭʰuṭa·ducn.p.qʰá·mosʼ šuṭʰuṭa·duʔnshooting starpl.qʰa·mosʼ šuṭʰuhṭaducqʰá·mosʼ šuṭʰuhṭaduʔ*bahcʰiwa·ducdir.bahcʰiwá·duʔvshame, insult, or criticize someonepl.*bacʰihwaduc*bahqʰabaqʰa·ducdir.vsound fade in distance*bane·ducdir.bane·dúʔv1use up contents; run out of supply2fall asleep*batʼa·ducdir.vsound remind you of other sound; sound travel far or away*baye·daducdir.bayeda·dúʔFree Variant of*baye·ducwarn, remind when leavingpl.*bayehtada·ducbayéhtada·duʔ*baye·ducdir.baye·dúʔvremind or warn someone of something as they are leaving; send someone away with instructions to be careful or to be goodpl.*bayehtaducbayéhtaduʔfr. var.*baye·daduc*bayota·ducdir.vto scatter, scare away (sheep, birds) by clapping or yelling; animals scattering food with their mouths*be·ducdir.be·dúʔv-hndcarry a long object far, away to a distancesyn*bide·duc*codo·duc 1*diduc*bida·ducdir.bida·dúʔvriver or stream to branch out, extend farpl.*bidahtaducbidáhtaduʔ*bide·ducdir.bide·dúʔv-hndcarry a bunch far, away to a distancesyn*be·duc*codo·duc 1*diducpl.*bisa·ducpl. agt.*bide·cʼic*bisa·ducdir.bisa·dúʔv-hndcarry several long objects in the arms far, away to a distancesg.*bide·ducpl. agt.*bisa·cʼic*cisa·ducdir.cisa·dúʔv-hndcarry (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) several things far, away to a distance; drag; lead by the handsg.*cʰide·ducpl. agt.*cisa·cʼic*ciwa·ducdir.ciwa·dúʔv-mvtcrawl or swim far, away to a distancesyn*ciya·duc*ciya·ducdir.ciya·dúʔv-mvtseveral crawl or swim far, away to a distancesyn*ciwa·duc*ci·cʼaducdir.cicʼa·dúʔvbecome more and more*codo·ducdir.codo·dúʔ1v-hndcarry far, away to a distance in a containersyn*be·duc*bide·duc*diduc2v-hndcarry far, away to a distance while supported underneath, especially on the shoulders or head3v-mvtride a horse far, away to a distancepl. agt.*codo·cicʼ*codo·cʼic*co·ducdir.co·dúʔvput aside (food in storage), spread (to fill an area)*cusʼuya·ducdir.cusʼuyá·duʔv1have spread-out corners2corner that is spread outmihca cusʼuya·ducn.p.mihca cúsʼuya·duʔ1adjfour-cornered, having four corners2nsquare or diamond shape*cʰide·ducdir.cʰide·dúʔv-hndcarry (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) one thing far, away to a distance; drag; lead by the handpl.*cisa·ducpl. agt.*cʰide·cʼic*dade·ducdir.dade·dúʔv-hndcarry, move something heavy far, away to a distancepl.*dasa·ducpl. agt.*dade·cʼic*dahqosʼa·ducdir.dahqosʼá·duʔvspill and scatterpl.*daqohsʼaducdaqóhsʼaduʔ*dakʰe·ducdir. dakʰe·dúʔvpush something away, such as a plate unwanted foodpl.*dakʰehtaducdakʰéhtaduʔ*damita·ducdir.damíta·duʔvthrow away, discard*dasa·ducdir.dasa·dúʔv-hndcarry, move several heavy objects far, away to a distancesg.*dade·ducpl. agt.*dasa·cʼic*daʔsʼona·ducdir.vpunch to make hole*de·ducdir.de·dúʔvfollow farpl. mvt.*dehtacʼicpl. agt.*de·cʼic*diducdir.didúʔv-hndcarry a nonlong object far, away to a distancesyn*be·duc*bide·duc*codo·duc 1pl.*dihtaducpl.*dihtaducdíhtaduʔ*diya·ducdir.diyáduʔvtell, order, command someone to leave, to go awaycf*bayaʔta*qa·yi*qʰaʔdipl. agt.*diya·cʼic*dowa·ducdir.dowá·duʔvavoid, ignore, shunpl. agt.*dowa·cʼic*do·ducdir.do·dúʔvput hand away (in a hole, where it can’t be seen)*dubila·ducdir.dubilá·duʔvsend something away, send offpl.*dubihladucdubíhladuʔcahno dubihladuʔlin.p.cahno dúbihladuʔlintelegraphpl.cahno dubihlacʼiʔlicahno dúbihlacʼiʔli*dukʰe·ducdir.dukʰe·dúʔvpush something away or move it to the side, using the fingerspl.*dukʰehtaducdukʰéhtaduʔ*duye·ducdir.duye·dúʔvguide someone by holding their arm, etc. or steer a car (away, to a distance??)pl.*duyehtaducduyéhtaduʔduye·duʔliinstr.duye·dúʔlinsteering wheelfr. var.ma·kina duye·duʔli*hikʰe·ducdir.hikʰe·dúʔvmove one's body awaypl.*hikʰehtaduchikʰéhtaduʔ*hine·ducdir.hine·dúʔvbe or go far awaypl.*hinehtacʼichinéhtacʼiʔpl. agt.*hinehtacʼic*hine·cʼic*kihla·ducdir.kihla·dúʔvdisappear (into the distance)*kʼuwa·šaducdir.kʼuwaša·dúʔvfail to arrive or show up, when traveling from some distance; fail to return from a journeyfr. var.*kʼowa·šaduc*mica·ducdir.vthrow several hence*mikʼila·ducdir.mikʼilá·duʔv1indicate the direction of a distant, out-of-sight place by gesturing with the face, chin, and pursed lips2make this gesture used as a means of saying "let's go" to that place*mitaducdir.mitadúʔv-hndthrow several objects away, one after another*mukʰe·ducdir.mukʰe·dúʔvmove car away, somewhere elsepl.*mukʰehtaducmukʰéhtaduʔ*ne·ducdir.ne·dúʔvflop down, fall over [stretched out?]syn*mica·cʼic*pisa·ducdir.pisa·dúʔ1v-mvtseveral watch someone leave or go to a far place; several see someone off – not secretlysg.*pʰide·duc 12v-hndmove or hit several objects far away with the side of a long object; bat away several objectssg.*pʰide·duc 2pl.*pisahtaduc*posoṭa·ducdir.posoṭá·duʔvblow away; explode into bits*pʰe·ducdir.pʰe·dúʔvcarry far (person on back)*pʰide·ducdir.pʰide·dúʔ1v-mvtwatch someone leave or go to a far place; see someone off – not secretlypl.*pisa·duc 12v-hndmove or hit something far away with the side of a long object; bat awaypl.*pisa·duc 2*pʰoʔbola·ducdir.pʰoʔbolá·duʔvwind to blow over (a container) and scatter the contents*qʰaʔawa·ducdir.qʰaʔawá·duʔvmorning arrivefr. var.*qʰaʔaduc*qʼawa·ducdir.qʼawá·duʔvleave something set away; to put away, store away, hide awaycf*diʔboq*kʼili·cʼ 1pl.*qʼahcaducqʼáhcaduʔ*qʼahwaducdial. var.*ʔqʼawa·cʼic*ʔqʼawa·ducpl. agt.*qʼawa·cʼic*qʼa·wacʼic*ʔqʼawa·cʼic*sibo·ducdir.sibo·dúʔv-mvtgroup float or sail far, away to a distancesg.*side·ducpl. agt.*sibo·cʼic*side·ducdir.side·dúʔv-mvtone float or sail far, away to a distance; sail off, set sailpl.*sibo·ducpl. agt.*side·cʼic*sihla·ducdir.sihla·dúʔvgo with flat-facepl.*silata·ducsilatá·duʔ*šeṭʰe·yaducdir.šeṭʰe·yáduʔvspread out, make widecf*šuʔtʼutʰuc*šiba·ducdir.šiba·dúʔvgo away to the (distant) place where the hunt will be, not hunting untl arriving theresyn*hiba·duc*šude·ducdir.šude·dúʔv-hndlead one (person, animal) far, away to a distance; pull (with a rope)pl.*šusa·ducpl. agt.*šude·cʼic*šuhkema·ducdir.šuhkemá·duʔvnot be heard frompl. agt.*šuhkema·cʼic*šusa·ducdir.šusa·dúʔv-hndlead several (people, animals) far, away to a distance; pull (with a rope)sg.*šude·ducpl. agt.*šusa·cʼic*tʼo·ducdir.tʼo·duʔ´va cloud (esp. of fog, dust) move awaypl.*tʼohtaductʼóhtaduʔ*ṭʰabaducdir.ṭʰabadúʔvbe away, absent*ṭʰaba·ducdir.ṭʰaba·dúʔv1come to be in a distant place, not be here anymore2stretch out, extend into the distance*ṭʰaba·ducʰqacaus.ṭʰaba·dúcʰqawv1cause not to be here; fail at doing something2ridicule, show disrepect toward (someone)pl. agt.*ṭʰaba·cʼicʰqa*ṭʼaya·ducdir.ṭʼayá·duʔvpour out a liquid to throw it away or get rid of itcf*ṭʼaya·q*ʔdanepl.*ṭʼahyaduc*wa·ducdir.wa·dúʔv-mvtone go far, away to a distancesyn*da·cʼicʰqa 1*hayohmacʼic*pʰila·cʼic
-ahmucʼahmucʼv > vsfxplural form of the Directional-Distributive suffix combination -ad-wad, indicating movement of several actors "around" or "here and there"syn-tʰmucʼoccurs in contexts where the Plural form /t/ is not appropriateplur.*duhṭʰalahmucʼquarrel with each other*haʔdahmucʼswap, trade (one or several things), exchange, change, take turnschange into (something different)dist.*duhṭʰalahmucʼquarrel with each other*haʔdahmucʼswap, trade (one or several things), exchange, change, take turnschange into (something different)recip.*maʔdaqʰahmucʼbe married to each other
-alaalav > vsfx1Directional: down, without reference to "here" or "there"cf-alamecʼ*sida·ladir.sida·láwv-mvtone float or sail downpl.*sibo·la2Inceptive: begin an involuntary actn.p.ʔama kʼoṭoca·lawgully, steep and rough bluff where you can't go downabs.ciqʰahlalawsledqasita·lawsoaked and split buckeye nutspref.*dokʼo·yalatip down something long that is standing up, using the fingersplur.ciqʰahlalawsleddir.*be·lacarry a long object down*bida·la1carry a bunch down*bida·la2river extend down*bisa·lacarry several long objects in the arms down*cakʼihwalamake cuts downward (when whittling)*ca·lafly down (of bird, airplane, or something thrown from height)(sun) setciqʰahlalawsled*codo·lacarry in a container down; pick up (container) and set lower (or into something)carry down while supported underneath, especially on the shoulders or headride a horse down*co·laset (baby) into (basket); set down (baby in basket)(water) go down*cuhcʰiwa·lashoot a lot of game, shoot down many (birds); slaughter*cʰeʔeta·ladip into*dada·lacarry, move, put something heavy down into somethingbury a person*dasa·lacarry, move, put several heavy objects down into somethingbury several people*daʔsʼila·lasling (water) down by shaking or flicking the hand*da·laextend down*dihwatʼa·lafall loose and ragged*dihyoqʰa·lashake so that a lot of little pieces to fall down on something*dikʰe·lasomething to slip or fall downwards and out of place, such as clothes falling off*dikʼe·nalafeel pain (in the throat) from the pressure (of some too big piece of food) moving down*dilacarry a nonlong object down*diyota·laspill down in pile*do·laput hand down*dubila·lasend away*duda·lapush or move down with the fingerload (an arrow in a bow); aim a loaded weapon, ready to shoot*dukʰe·laslide, push, move omething down with the finger(s)*dusa·lapush or move several objects down with the finger*duye·laguide, lead, or hold someone while going down; steer (a car) downhill*duʔkʼuwa·ladestroy, kill all, wipe out*hanaca·la1remain, stay behind, be left behind*haʔsʼila·lasplash (water) downward with a swinging motion: sling (water) down; put hand into water, making a splash*hikʰe·lamove, slide body down*htalaclimb downput on (legs, feet)*kʼiši·lamake sound of running water*mitalathrow or put several objects down, one after another*miṭi·calaone lie down between*muda·ladance down (into the dance house)*musukʼa·la(fire) burn down to coals*muʔdiwa·ladiffuse down through*na·laput down (in)*pahcʰiwa·laspear a lot of game, spear many (fish)*pihciṭa·la(land) drop away perpendicularly or precipitouslysteep (land)*pisa·laseveral watch something go down*pʰe·lacarry (person) down on back*pʰida·lawatch something go downward*pʰiʔduwa·lasee through*qada·la1lower something with the teeth, with the mouth*qadu·lasplice rope or attach new stick in basket making or attach knob to chest*qasa·lalower several objects with the teethqasita·lawsoaked and split buckeye nuts*qʼaca·laleave behind*qʼawa·lato take something down to leave*siʔduwa·lasoak down through*šahtalawear (clothes on legs?)*še·lawear (certain clothes) down*šiba·talabody to undergo a changespirit enter body, for a good purpose*šinala·lawash head by ducking it*šuda·lalead one (person, animal) down; pull (with a rope)*šukʼihṭʰalahave deep parallel marks*šunaca·la??*šusa·lalead several (people, animals) down; pull (with a rope)*tʼa·lastart to feel; start to think; have a thought or idea; a thought occurs to (oneself)*ṭʰaba·la(land) slope downward*ṭʼaya·lapour something out so it falls downward into something else; dump something from a container into waterincep.*duʔya·qalastart to think; get an idea*hqala·lastart to obey or follow a rule, restriction, taboo, or law; start to abstain (from food), begin a fast*htena·lacalm down*qahsila·laget coldhisʼu· ṭʰiwi·lawn.p.hisʼu· ṭʰiwí·lawnarrow notch*bacu·ladir.bacu·láwvjump down*bana·la1dir.bana·láwvput (several) down in*bana·la2dir.bana·láwvthrow downʔahqʰa banala·muʔlin.p.ʔahqʰa bánala·muʔlinconfluence of streams; where two streams flow togetherʔahqʰa bana·lawn.p.ʔahqʰa bána·lawnwaterfall*bana·lahqacaus.bana·láhqawvput down*baṭica·ladir.baṭicá·lawvhang down (such as sash on clothing or body); (of clothing) have vertical stripessg.*miṭi·calapl.*baṭihcalabaṭíhcalawbaṭihcala· koʔyiph. adj.baṭíhcala· koʔyiadjstriped; having vertical stripescf*dakʼihṭʰala 1*baʔsʼawa·ladir.baʔsʼawá·lawvlowering (of voice)*cisa·ladir.cisa·láwv-hndcarry (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) several things down; drag; lead by the handsg.*cʰida·la*ciwaladir.ciwaláwv-mvtcrawl or swim downsyn*ciya·laciwalawabs.ciwaláwnshirtʔiyow ʔbakʰe ciwalawn.p.ʔiyów ʔbakʰe ciwalawnundershirtsynkamise·tekotonʔiyow ʔbakʰe kʼaṭa*ciya·ladir.ciya·láwv-mvtseveral crawl or swim downsyn*ciwala*cʰida·ladir.cʰida·láwv-hndmove or drag one item downward while holding part of it, such as a handle; carry down on the back; lead a person downpl.*cisa·la*dakʼihṭʰaladir.dakʼíhṭʰalaw1vhave parallel stripes running downward; have vertical stripescfbaṭihcala· koʔyi2adjstriped*daqʰa·saladir.daqʰasa·láwvrub the palm of the hand downward (on a wall), producing a sound*daʔṭʼaša·ladir.daʔṭʼašá·lawvpress down with the hand to put into place something that has bent out at a joint; press the lid on a boxpl.*daṭʼahšaladaṭʼáhšalaw*da·lahqadir.dalahqáwv-mvt1two (male or female) go downsyn*hayohmala*pʰilala*wala 12a few men go downfr. var.*dalahqa*duʔkʼiya·ladir.duʔkʼiyá·lawvmake a mark with the finger moving downward*hayohmaladir.hayóhmalawv-mvtseveral (separately) go downsyn*da·lahqa 1*pʰilala*wala 1*huʔuta·ladir.-vreach the bottom *huʔuta·lamucʼrecip.vbe face to face*mohkota·ladir.mohkotá·lawvburned down to ashes or badly burned (man)*munaca·ladir.munacá·lawvstay or leave something behind after a fire*pe·ladir.pe·láwvflow downpl.*pehtalapéhtalaw*pʰilaladir.pʰilaláwv-mvtgroup go downsyn*da·lahqa 1*hayohmala*wala 1dial. var.*pʰilahtala*sibo·ladir.sibo·láwv-mvtgroup float or sail downsg.*sida·la*šokʼo·yaladir.šokʼoya·láwvtip downward something long that is standing upunspec. var.*sikʼohyala*naʔbaca·laincep.naʔbacá·lawvbecome puzzled, discover one does not know how
-alamecʼalamecʼv > vsfxDirectional: down off of a place, down out of an enclosed areasʼihta qawí yya šaʔáhtala·mecʼe·duhe always takes down small birds (from the tree)ciqʰala·laméʔ tʰinit didn’t drag him off (the horse)cf-ala 1dir.*be·lamecʼcarry a long object down off of*bida·lamecʼcarry a bunch down off of, take down from a high place*bisa·lamecʼcarry several long objects in the arms down off of somewhere*codo·lamecʼcarry down off of in a containercarry down off of while supported underneath, especially on the shoulders or headride a horse down off of*cʰula·lamed(water) drain out, down, away*dada·lamecʼcarry, move something heavy down off of*dasa·lamecʼcarry, move several heavy objects down off of somewhere*dilamecʼcarry a nonlong object down off of*diʔcʼola·lamecʼsink down*dukʰe·lamecʼsome quantity to undergo a decrease or be lowered; also applies to other decreasing, such as in crochet*hikʰe·lamecʼmove body down off, out of something*htala·mecʼclimb down from, climb back down; take foot down from*pe·lamecʼ(water) flow down and outdroop, sag (of a face or flower)droopy, saggy (face, flower)*šuda·lamecʼlead one (person, animal) down off of; pull (with a rope)*šukʰe·lamecʼpull down, bend towards, off of something*šusa·lamecʼlead several (people, animals) down off of; pull (with a rope)*šuʔtʼeya·lamecʼpull down (on a tree branch); grab (hair) and pull (neck) down*bana·lamecʼdir.bana·lámeʔvput down inpl.*mica·lamecʼ*cisa·lamecʼdir.cisala·méʔv-hndcarry (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) several things down off of; drag; lead by the handsg.*cʰida·lamecʼ*ciwalamecʼdir.ciwalaméʔvcrawl or swim down off of or out of an enclosed areasyn*ciya·lamecʼ*ciya·lamecʼdir.ciyala·méʔv-mvtseveral crawl or swim down off of or out of an enclosed areasyn*ciwalamecʼ*cʰida·lamecʼdir.cʰidala·méʔv-hndcarry (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) one thing down off of; drag; lead by the handpl.*cisa·lamecʼ*dala·mecʼqadir.dalá·mecʼqawv-mvt1two (male or female) go down off ofsyn*hayohmala·mecʼ*pʰilala·mecʼ*wala·mecʼ2a few men go down off of*hayohmala·mecʼdir.hayóhmala·meʔv-mvtseveral (separately) go down off ofsyn*dala·mecʼqa 1*pʰilala·mecʼ*wala·mecʼ*mala·lamecʼdir.malala·méʔv(year) endʔama malala·meʔn.p.ʔama málala·meʔnend of year (beginning of winter)*na·lamecʼdir.na·laméʔ1vfall down, collapsesyn*dihlo·m*dihwatʼ*diwaṭʰ*hiwaṭʰ2v-hndtake out of*pʰilala·mecʼdir.pʰilalá·meʔv-mvtgroup go down off ofsyn*dala·mecʼqa 1*hayohmala·mecʼ*wala·mecʼ*sibo·lamecʼdir.sibola·méʔv-mvtgroup float or sail down off ofsg.*sida·lamecʼ*sida·lamecʼdir.sidala·méʔv-mvtone float or sail down off ofpl.*sibo·lamecʼ*wala·mecʼdir.walá·meʔv-mvtone go down off ofsyn*dala·mecʼqa 1*hayohmala·mecʼ*pʰilala·mecʼ
-aloqaloqv > vsfxDirectional: up toward here, moving upward and in this directionmu·kito hásima ʔuhwa hla· baṭica·loʔhis whiskers were lying stretched up out (of the cave)dir.*be·loqbring a long object up to here*bida·loqbring a bunch up to here*bisa·loqbring several long objects in the arms up toward here*ciya·loqseveral crawl or swim up to herebulge out*codo·loqbring up to here in a containerbring up to here while supported underneath, especially on the shoulders or headride a horse up to here*coloq(water in container) rise up towards speaker*dada·loqbring, carry, move something heavy up to here*dasa·loqbring, carry, move several heavy objects up toward here*dihtaloqbring several nonlong objects up to here*diloqcarry, bring a nonlong object in the hand up toward here*htaloqclimb up here*huʔuta·loqclimb to top, appear at top, mount*hyawa·loqvomit up once, throw up once*mitaloqthrow or put several objects up toward here, one after another*moloq(food) run (short)*qahleloqget or become light, daylight*qaloqthrow, jump up hither ?*šuda·loqlead one (person, animal) up toward here; pull (with a rope)*šusa·loqlead several (people, animals) up toward here; pull (with a rope)*bana·loqdir.bana·lóʔvregurgitate; throw food up; food come back up*caloqdir.calóʔv1 rise (of the sun or stars)ant*ca·la 22fly up toward here (of bird, airplane)ant*ca·la 1haʔda caloʔcomp.haʔda cáloʔnsunriseanthaʔda ca·law*cisa·loqdir.cisa·lóʔv-hndbring (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) several things up toward here; drag; lead by the handsg.*cʰida·loq*ciwoloqdir.ciwolóʔ1v-mvtcrawl, swim up to heresyn*ciya·loq 12vbulge outsyn*ciya·loq 2ʔuhqʰa ciwoloqcomp.ʔuhqʰa cíwoloʔnhernia*cʰida·loqdir.cʰida·lóʔv-hndbring (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) one thing up toward here; drag; lead by the handpl.*cisa·loq*da·lohqadir.dalohqáwv-mvt1two (male or female) come up to heresyn*hayohmaloq*pʰiloloq*woloq 12a few men come up to herefr. var.*dalohqa*hayohmaloqdir.hayóhmaloʔv-mvtseveral (separately) come up to heresyn*da·lohqa 1*pʰiloloq*woloq 1*sibo·loqdir.sibo·lóʔv-mvtgroup float or sail up to heresg.*sida·loq*sida·loqdir.sida·lóʔv-mvtone float or sail up to here; (boat) to landpl.*sibo·loq*tʼoloqdir.tʼolóʔv(fog) move this way, up toward herecf*sina·*ʔtʼom 1dahpʰot 1maqʰa haʔṭʰomusa·la haʔṭʰopl.*tʼohtaloqtʼóhtaloʔ*woloqdir.wolóʔ1v-mvtone come up to heresyn*da·lohqa 1*hayohmaloq*pʰiloloq2vrun out-aloqocʼrefl.aloqocʼv > vsfxDirectional + Reflexive: up and out of; no meaning of "hither" as found in -aloq by itselfšusʼihwalo·qoʔdir.abs.šusʼíhwalo·qoʔnsuspendersdial. var.šuhciwa·loqocʼunspec. var.šuhciwa·loqoʔ*cisa·loqocʼdir.cisalo·qóʔv-hndbring (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) several things up out of; drag; lead by the handsg.*cʰida·loqocʼ*ciwolo·qocʼdir.ciwoló·qoʔv-mvtcrawl or swim up out ofsyn*ciya·loqocʼ*ciya·loqocʼdir.ciyalo·qóʔv-mvtseveral crawl or swim up out ofsyn*ciwolo·qocʼ*cʰida·loqocʼdir.cʰidalo·qóʔv-hndbring (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) one thing up out of; drag; lead by the handpl.*cisa·loqocʼ*dalo·qocʼqadir.daló·qocʼqawv-mvt1two (male or female) come up out ofsyn*hayohmalo·qocʼ*pʰilolo·qocʼ2*wolo·qocʼ2a few men come up out of*hayohmalo·qocʼdir.hayóhmalo·qoʔv-mvtseveral (separately) come up out ofsyn*dalo·qocʼqa 1*pʰilolo·qocʼ2*wolo·qocʼ*lowa·loqocʼdir.lowá·loqoʔvget free from being tied up, from jail, from loose clothing, or from obligationscf*hlokʰ*hluṭʼ2pl.*lohwalo·qocʼ*pʰilolo·qocʼ2dir.pʰiloló·qoʔv-mvtgroup come up out ofsyn*dalo·qocʼqa 1*hayohmalo·qocʼ*wolo·qocʼ*qʰadaloqocʼdir.qʰadaló·qoʔvcall, summon someone out here*qʼa·waloqocʼdir.qʼawá·loqoʔvload up (a vehicle)pl.*qʼahcaloqocʼqʼáhcaloqoʔ*sibo·loqocʼdir.sibolo·qóʔv-mvtgroup float or sail up out ofsg.*sida·loqocʼ*sida·loqocʼdir.sidalo·qóʔv-mvtone float or sail up out ofpl.*sibo·loqocʼ*wolo·qocʼdir.woló·qoʔv-mvtone come up out ofsyn*dalo·qocʼqa 1*hayohmalo·qocʼ*pʰilolo·qocʼ2
-aloqocʼaloqocʼv > vsfxDirectional + Reflexive: up and out of; no meaning of "hither" as found in -aloq by itselfReflexive of-aloqdir.*be·loqocʼbring a long object up out of*bida·loqocʼbring a bunch up out of*bisa·loqocʼbring several long objects in the arms up out of somewhere*cikʰe·loqocʼpull something out or off, especially with a handle or by holding a smaller part of the larger object*codo·loqocʼbring up out of in a containerbring up out of while supported underneath, especially on the shoulders or headride a horse up out of, toward here*dada·loqocʼbring, carry, move something heavy up out of*dasa·loqocʼbring, carry, move several heavy objects up out of somewhere*diloqocʼbring a nonlong object up out of*hida·loqocʼput out of business*htalo·qocʼclimb up out of*šuda·loqocʼlead one (person, animal) up out of; pull (with a rope)*šusa·loqocʼlead several (people, animals) up out of; pull (with a rope)šusʼihwalo·qoʔdir.abs.šusʼíhwalo·qoʔnsuspendersdial. var.šuhciwa·loqocʼunspec. var.šuhciwa·loqoʔ*cisa·loqocʼdir.cisalo·qóʔv-hndbring (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) several things up out of; drag; lead by the handsg.*cʰida·loqocʼ*ciwolo·qocʼdir.ciwoló·qoʔv-mvtcrawl or swim up out ofsyn*ciya·loqocʼ*ciya·loqocʼdir.ciyalo·qóʔv-mvtseveral crawl or swim up out ofsyn*ciwolo·qocʼ*cʰida·loqocʼdir.cʰidalo·qóʔv-hndbring (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) one thing up out of; drag; lead by the handpl.*cisa·loqocʼ*dalo·qocʼqadir.daló·qocʼqawv-mvt1two (male or female) come up out ofsyn*hayohmalo·qocʼ*pʰilolo·qocʼ2*wolo·qocʼ2a few men come up out of*hayohmalo·qocʼdir.hayóhmalo·qoʔv-mvtseveral (separately) come up out ofsyn*dalo·qocʼqa 1*pʰilolo·qocʼ2*wolo·qocʼ*lowa·loqocʼdir.lowá·loqoʔvget free from being tied up, from jail, from loose clothing, or from obligationscf*hlokʰ*hluṭʼ2pl.*lohwalo·qocʼ*pʰilolo·qocʼ2dir.pʰiloló·qoʔv-mvtgroup come up out ofsyn*dalo·qocʼqa 1*hayohmalo·qocʼ*wolo·qocʼ*qʰadaloqocʼdir.qʰadaló·qoʔvcall, summon someone out here*qʼa·waloqocʼdir.qʼawá·loqoʔvload up (a vehicle)pl.*qʼahcaloqocʼqʼáhcaloqoʔ*sibo·loqocʼdir.sibolo·qóʔv-mvtgroup float or sail up out ofsg.*sida·loqocʼ*sida·loqocʼdir.sidalo·qóʔv-mvtone float or sail up out ofpl.*sibo·loqocʼ*wolo·qocʼdir.woló·qoʔv-mvtone come up out ofsyn*dalo·qocʼqa 1*hayohmalo·qocʼ*pʰilolo·qocʼ2
-amam1n > vsfxbecome what the root noun denotes2adj > vsfxbecome what the root adjective denotesadded to many nouns and adjectives, but not freelyverb.*baʔcʼalamget, become unlucky*buṭucambecome thin, skinny*kʼanasambecome sick, sickenṭʰalimbecome clear (of water)*ʔahqolamgrow tall (of person)*ʔapʰa·tamrust (of iron)rustrusty*balayamincep.v(eyes) become bloodshot; something become bloody?*cʰiʔbulamverb.cʰiʔbulámʔ1vbecome a cobweb2ncobwebpl.*cʰiʔbula·tamcʰiʔbulá·tamʔ
-aq1aq1v > vsfxDirectional: out from here2v > vsfxDirectional: north or west from here3sfxINCHn.p.cohšo dohtaqglovesabs.pʰeʔcʼenaqbonnet with visorporch, overhangpʰiʔtʼutaqcap with visor; baseball capcaus.*cahkʰohqacatch with a shinny bat; catch something falling in basket, box, etc.dir.*be·qcarry a long object out from here, awaycarry a long object north or west from here*bida·q2carry a bunch out from here, awaycarry a bunch north or west from here*bihsitaqtear, shred by encircling *bisa·qcarry several long objects in the arms out from here, go awaycarry several long objects in the arms north or west from here*biʔdaqgive several*cadutaqʷlook at or notice while you are coming out of somewhere*cahsitaqtear, shred, slice with rear end, knife*codo·qcarry out from here, away in a containercarry north or west from here in a containercarry out from here, away while supported underneath, especially on the shoulders or headcarry north or west from here while supported underneath, especially on the shoulders or headride a horse out from here, awayride a horse north or west from here*cuda·qfloat out or downriver from here; float from here toward the north or west*cuduwaqbe straight, whether up, down, or horizontalstraight, perpendicular, vertical, upright*cusʼuyaq(table, etc.) have a corner, become pointeda corner*cʰula·qwater recede after collecting from rain, etc.*dada·qcarry, move something heavy out from here, awaycarry, move something heavy north or west from here*dahsitaqtear, shred into pieces with hand*dakʰeṭaqdeal (cards)*damitaqthrow out*dasa·qcarry, move several heavy objects out from here, awaycarry, move several heavy objects north or west from here*dihtaqcarry several nonlong objects out from here, go awaycarry several nonlong objects north or west from here*diqcarry a nonlong object out from here, awaycarry a nonlong object north or west from here*do·qhold arm straight out (any direction)*duhṭʰalaqhurt someone*dukʰe·qpush or shove something away, to the side, especially with the fingers*duye·qguide (a person) out from here; steer (a car) out from here, or to the north or west*hiba·qgo west for food, implying it is for mussels, abalone or other sea food*hihsitaqshred, tear into little pieces by itself*hikʰe·qʷmove body out, north, or west*hipawaqthe body to fill (a doorway) going through, barely to fit through*hloqfall off oflose (weight)*hseyaqcover, spread over*htaqstretch out leg; foot be stretched out; wear on foot [?]put on leg or foot*mica·qthrow several out; throw bunch (of sticks) at open place*mihsitaqshred, tear into little pieces using toes*mitaqthrow out several objects, one after another*mo·qdrive*muʔsʼaṭaqpart of body, a limb to go to sleep*na·qput, throw out, outsidefall [?]*pe·qliquid spread out from here*pʰaʔsʼulaqwrap up, swaddle (only for baby, for carrying in papoose)pʰeʔcʼenaqbonnet with visorporch, overhangpʰiʔtʼutaqcap with visor; baseball cap*pʰobošaqblow up (balloon)*pʰudutaqblow out, into something, such as through a straw*qabošaqpuff out the cheeks*qaʔsʼilaqsquirt or splash something outward by squeezing (on a tube of toothpaste, for instance)*qa·qlong object to move through the air, lengthwiseput a long object (stick, baseball bat) in a sack*sikuṭaqget dizzy, become dizzy*šadaqtake out in straight motion [?]be a ridge extending northward or westward*ša·qto go with clothes (out or North or West)*šuda·qlead one (person, animal) out from here, go away; pull (with a rope)lead one (person, animal) north or west from here; pull (with a rope)*šuhsitaqtear, shred by pulling with the hands*šukʰe·qpull or push something out or away*šupemaqsmall objects float out (on water or other liquid) to cover or coat a surface*šusa·qlead several (people, animals) out from here, go away; pull (with a rope)lead several (people, animals) north or west from here; pull (with a rope)*ṭʼaya·qpour out, throw out by pouring*ʔo·qpeep outplur. aff.*mitaqthrow out several objects, one after another*bahqʰoʔmacʼaqdir.vinsult someone; be insulted; be an insult*bakʼumaqdir.bakʼumáʔvtalk to one’s limit, get tired of talking*bakʼummahqacaus.bakʼúmmahqawvby talking to make someone tired of a task, discourage someone, try to talk someone out of doingcf*bakʼumqafr. var.*bakʼu·mahqa*bakʼuma·cʼrefl.-vtalk to one's limit*bakʼuma·cʼeddur.bakʼumá·cʼeduvkeep talking about how hard some task is for the talker to do*bana·qdir.banaʔ´1vswing, throw out, fall outcf*mitaq2na swing3vthrow outpl.*mitaqmitáʔsuppl.*mitaqthrow out*bašudaqdir.vbe unable to understand words; (something) to sound unfairpl.*bašucʼaq*batʼacʼaqdir.bátʼacʼaʔv(water) be still or calm, unmoving*bida·q1dir.bidaʔ´v(water) flow northwestpl.*bidahtaqbidáhtaʔ*cisa·qdir.cisaʔ´v-hnd1carry (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) several things out from here, go away; drag; lead by the handsg.*cʰida·q 12carry (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) several things north or west from here; drag; lead by the handsg.*cʰida·q 2*ciwaqdir.ciwaʔ1v-mvtcrawl or swim from here, crawl or swim awaysyn*ciya·q 12v-mvtcrawl or swim north or west from heresyn*ciya·q 23vcrawl into (a skin)syn*ciya·q 3*ciya·qdir.ciyáʔ1v-mvtseveral crawl or swim from here, crawl or swim awaysyn*ciwaq 12v-mvtseveral crawl or swim north or west from heresyn*ciwaq 23vseveral crawl into (a skin)syn*ciwaq 3*cʰida·qdir.cʰidaʔ´v-hnd1carry (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) one thing out from here, go away; drag; lead by the handpl.*cisa·q 12carry (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) one thing north or west from here; drag; lead by the handpl.*cisa·q 2*hayohmaqdir.hayóhmaʔv-mvt1several (separately) go out from here, go awaysyn*da·hqa1 1*pʰilaq 1*waq 22several (separately) go north or west from here*nisaqdir.-vget divorced*nisa·tahmucʼrecip.nisá·tahmuʔvget divorcedsyn*diqʰac*nisahqacʼ*qʼa·mucʼ 1*qʼa·mucʼ 1*pihcipici·qdir.pihcipíciʔv-redhoe (a field) with repeated chopping motions*pušutaqdir.pušutáʔvend*pʰilaqdir.pʰiláʔv-mvt1group go out from here, go awaysyn*da·hqa1 1*hayohmaq 1*waq 22group go north or west from here*pʰiṭʼemaqdir.pʰiṭʼemaʔveyes get tired of something; tired of looking at something*sibo·qdir.siboʔ´v-mvt1group float or sail out from here, float or sail awaysg.*sida·q 12group float or sail north or west from heresg.*sida·q 2*sida·qdir.sidaʔ´v-mvt1one float or sail out from here, float or sail awaypl.*sibo·q 12one float or sail north or west from herepl.*sibo·q 2*šaqdir.-vwear (clothes)*šaqacʼrefl.šaqáʔvwear (one thing), be wrapped by (blanket)cf*cahqacʼ*caqa·cʼpl.*šatʰqacʼšátʰqaʔ*šaqacʼqacaus.vdress someone or put clothing on them*waqdir.wáʔv-mvt1one go out from here, go away2one go north or west from heresyn*da·hqa1 1*hayohmaq 1*pʰilaq 1*wahqacaus.wáhqawvswallowpl.*wahtahqawahtáhqa
-aq2aqn-kin > vsfx1address by this kinship term2acknowledge this kinship relation3come to the state indicated by the rootdir.*sima·qbe asleep, go to sleep
-aq3aqvsfxPlural Act: the object undergoing the action is plural, or the act is performed on the same object more than onceoccurs with a few stems ending in /l/; sometimes causes deletion of an increment in the rootplur. aff.*bila·q*hcʰita·laq*pahšilaq*pašilaq*paši·laq*pemmaq*ṭʼubu·taq*yolaq*ʔacʰulaq
-aqacaqacv > vsfxDirectional: up from hereplur.*dusʼuhyaqacdiamond (suit in cards)dir.*be·qaccarry a long object up from here, take uphill*bida·qaccarry a bunch up from here*bisa·qaccarry several long objects in the arms up from here*cikʰe·qacdrag up from here, especially with a handle or smaller part of the larger object*codo·qaccarry in a container up from here; push up (in swing)carry up from here while supported underneath, especially on the shoulders or headride a horse up from here*co·qacput a container of water or other shapeless substance up onto a surface*cukʰe·qaccarry something upwards by holding a handle or other smaller part of a larger object*dada·qaccarry, move something heavy up from here*dasa·qaccarry, move several heavy objects up from here*dihtaqaccarry several nonlong objects up from here*diqaccarry a nonlong object up from here*dusʼuhyaqacdiamond (suit in cards)*hida·qacfigure out (a problem)*miṭi·caqacone extend or stretch upward*moqʰo·taqacraise knee or move knee upwards*na·qacput or throw something up from here*pihciṭa·qac(land) rise perpendicularly*pisa·qacseveral watch something go upward*pʰe·qaccarry (a child) up on back*pʰida·qacwatch something go upward*qa·qacput something long all the way through, lengthwise*qʼaca·qacleave things at a place up*qʼawa·qacleave things at a place up*siqʰala·qacexpire, pass away, give up dying breath; doze off*soʔola·qacspoil*šadaqactake out*šuda·qaclead one (person, animal) up from here; pull (with a rope)*šukʰe·naqacsigh; draw a deap breath, inhale deeply*šusa·qaclead several (people, animals) up from here; pull (with a rope)*tʼoqaca cloud (of fog, dust, etc.) move up and away*bana·qacdir.bana·qáʔv1throw something upwards2take last breath, pass on, die*ca·qacdir.vfly uppl.*cahtaqaccáhtaqaʔ*cisa·qacdir.cisa·qáʔv-hndcarry (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) several things up from here; drag; lead by the handsg.*cʰida·qac*ciwaqacdir.ciwaqáʔv-mvt1crawl or swim up from here, crawl or swim up and outsyn*ciya·qac 12crawl or swim north or west up from heresyn*ciya·qac 2kaʔtʼe ciwaqacder.kaʔtʼe cíwaqaʔplaceWhale Crawling Up: a mountain south of Métini*ciya·qacdir.ciya·qáʔv-mvt1several crawl or swim up from here, crawl or swim up from here (up and out)syn*ciwaqac 12several crawl or swim north or west up from heresyn*ciwaqac 2*cʰida·qacdir.cʰida·qáʔv-hndcarry (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) one thing up from here; drag; lead by the handpl.*cisa·qac*hayohmaqacdir.hayóhmaqaʔv-mvtseveral (separately) go up from heresyn*da·qacʰqa 1*pʰilaqac*waqac*huʔuta·qacdir.v1surmount, reach the top2look upward*mala·qacdir.mala·qáʔvbecome new yearʔama mala·qacn.p.ʔama mála·qaʔnbeginning of yearʔama mala·qaʔ macin.p.ʔama mála·qaʔ macinNew Year's Day*mitaqacdir.mitaqáʔv-hndthrow, toss, or put several objects upward, one after another*pʰilaqacdir.pʰilaqáʔv-mvtgroup go up from heresyn*da·qacʰqa 1*hayohmaqac*waqacdial. var.*pʰila·qac*sibo·qacdir.sibo·qáʔv-mvtgroup float or sail up from heresg.*sida·qac*sida·qacdir.sida·qáʔv-mvtone float or sail up from herepl.*sibo·qac*sikʼalsikʼahlaqacdir.sikʼálsikʼahlaqaʔv-redlights repeatedly fading moving upward
-aqocʼaqocʼv > vsfxDirectional + Reflexive: out from here, with no cardinal direction meaningDerivative:-aqʷdir.*bida·qocʼcarry a bunch out from here*bisa·qocʼcarry several long objects in the arms out from here*coto·qocʼstick out backwards*cʰeʔeta·qocʼput spoonful in mouth; take a taste of*cʰila·qocʼtake something out of something else by removing it in an upwards direction or picking it up in an unspecified manner*dada·qocʼcarry, move a heavy object from out of here; take out from inside*dasa·qocʼcarry, move several heavy objects out from here*diqocʼcarry, take, move a nonlong object out from here*duda·qocʼ2move out with finger*dukʰe·qocʼput off; push away with finger*dusa·qocʼmove or push several objects out with the finger*kacʰiwa·qocʼput head facing down*mo·qocʼrun out of (something)*na·qocʼput out hence; project, stick outprojecting, sticking out*šuda·qocʼlead one (person, animal) out from here; pull (with a rope)*šuhkʰe·qocʼmove something by pulling it out of where it is*šusa·qocʼlead several (people, animals) out from here; pull (with a rope)*taqocʼmove one's foot out from here; put foot out, move foot backwards from point of reference*cima·qocʼdir.cima·qóʔv-mvtcrawl or swim back a bitsyn*ciyama·qocʼ*cisa·qocʼdir.cisa·qóʔv-hndcarry (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) several things out from here; drag; lead by the handsg.*cʰida·qocʼ*ciwoqocʼdir.ciwoqóʔv-mvtcrawl or swim up out ofsyn*ciya·qocʼ*ciya·qocʼdir.ciwoqóʔv-mvtseveral crawl or swim up out ofsyn*ciwoqocʼ*cʰida·qocʼdir.cʰida·qóʔv-hndcarry (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) one thing out from here; drag; lead by the handpl.*cisa·qocʼ*hayohmaqocʼdir.hayóhmaqoʔv-mvtseveral (separately) go out from here (without reference to cardinal direction)cf*da·qocʼqa 1*pʰiloqocʼ*woqocʼ*sibo·qocʼdir.sibo·qóʔv-mvtgroup sail or float out from heresg.*sida·qocʼ*sida·qocʼdir.sida·qóʔv-mvtone sail or float out from herepl.*sibo·qocʼ
-aqʷaqʷv > vsfx1Directional: out toward here2Directional: north or west toward here; from the south or eastdir.*ba·qʷbring a long object outbring a long object northward or westward to here, bring from the south or east*bida·qʷbring a bunch outbring a bunch northward or westward to here, bring from the south or east*bisa·qʷbring several long objects in the arms out toward herebring several long objects in the arms northward or westward to here, bring from the south or east*ciya·qʷseveral crawl, swim out toward hereseveral come crawling or swimming to the north or west*codo·qʷbring out in a containerbring northward or westward to here, bring from the south or east in a containerbring out while supported underneath, especially on the shoulders or headbring northward or westward to here, bring from the south or east while supported underneath, especially on the shoulders or headride a horse out toward hereride a horse northward or westward to here, ride a horse from the south or east*dada·qʷbring, carry, move something heavy outbring, carry, move something heavy northward or westward to here, from the south or east*dasa·qʷbring, carry, move several heavy objects out toward herebring, carry, move several heavy objects northward or westward to here, from the south or east*dihtaqʷbring several nonlong objects outbring several nonlong objects northward or westward to here, bring from the south or east*diqʷbring a nonlong object out toward herebring a nonlong object northward or westward to here, bring from the south or east*šuda·qʷlead one (person, animal) out toward here; pull (with a rope)lead one (person, animal) northward or westward to here, from the south or east; pull (with a rope)*šusa·qʷlead several (people, animals) out toward here; pull (with a rope)lead several (people, animals) northward or westward to here, from the south or east; pull (with a rope)-aqocʼder.aqocʼv > vsfxDirectional + Reflexive: out from here, with no cardinal direction meaning*cima·qocʼdir.cima·qóʔv-mvtcrawl or swim back a bitsyn*ciyama·qocʼ*cisa·qocʼdir.cisa·qóʔv-hndcarry (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) several things out from here; drag; lead by the handsg.*cʰida·qocʼ*ciwoqocʼdir.ciwoqóʔv-mvtcrawl or swim up out ofsyn*ciya·qocʼ*ciya·qocʼdir.ciwoqóʔv-mvtseveral crawl or swim up out ofsyn*ciwoqocʼ*cʰida·qocʼdir.cʰida·qóʔv-hndcarry (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) one thing out from here; drag; lead by the handpl.*cisa·qocʼ*hayohmaqocʼdir.hayóhmaqoʔv-mvtseveral (separately) go out from here (without reference to cardinal direction)cf*da·qocʼqa 1*pʰiloqocʼ*woqocʼ*sibo·qocʼdir.sibo·qóʔv-mvtgroup sail or float out from heresg.*sida·qocʼ*sida·qocʼdir.sida·qóʔv-mvtone sail or float out from herepl.*sibo·qocʼ*cimoqdir.v-mvt1crawl or swim in toward here2crawl or swim south or east toward here, from north or west*cisa·qʷdir.cisaʔ´v-hnd1bring (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) several things out toward here; drag; lead by the handsg.*cʰida·qʷ 12bring (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) several things northward or westward to here, bring from the south or east; drag; lead by the handsg.*cʰida·qʷ 2*ciwoqdir.ciwóʔv-mvt1crawl, swim out toward heresyn*ciya·qʷ 12come crawling or swimming to the north or westsyn*ciya·qʷ 2*cʰida·qʷdir.cʰidaʔ´v-hnd1bring (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) one thing out toward here; drag; lead by the handpl.*cisa·qʷ 12bring (with a handle, or packing on one's back or shoulder) one thing northward or westward to here, bring from the south or east; drag; lead by the handpl.*cisa·qʷ 2*hayohmaqʷdir.hayóhmaʔv-mvt1several (separately) come outsyn*da·hqa2 1*pʰiloq 1*woq 22several (separately) come south or east to here, come from the north or west*pʰiloqdir.pʰilóʔv-mvt1group come outsyn*da·hqa2 1*hayohmaqʷ 1*woq 22group come northward or westward to here, come from the south or east*sibo·qʷdir.siboʔ´v-mvt1group float or sail out towards heresg.*sida·qʷ 12group float or sail northward or westward to here, from the south or eastsg.*sida·qʷ 2*sida·qʷdir.sidaʔ´v-mvt1one float or sail out towards herepl.*sibo·qʷ 12one float or sail northward or westward to here, from the south or eastpl.*sibo·qʷ 2*woqdir.wóʔv-mvt1one come out toward here2one come northward or westward to here, come from the south or eastsyn*da·hqa2 1*hayohmaqʷ 1*pʰiloq 1woqolliloc.woqóllinplace where water comes out but does not flow away; a spring
-atatvsfxPlural Act: the object undergoing the action is plural, or the act is performed on the same object more than onceoccurs with some stems ending in /l/ or /n/; must be followed by the Durative /ad/plur. aff.*bala·tad*bawila·tad*bila·tad1*bola·tad2*boṭʼat*bo·catad*buʔsʼuna·tad*cahawa·tad*cahqawa·tad*cola·tad3*cola·tad2*cola·tad1*cula·tad*cʰula·tad1*cʰula·tad3*cʼula·t*cʼula·tad*duhṭʰala·tad*duyama·taq1*hala·tad*hcala·tad*hcila·tad*hcʰohmucʼa·tad*hkela·tad*hlala·tad*hola·tad*hoyhcʰoca·tad*hpana·tad*hpola·tad*hpowa·tad*hqala·tad*hqʰaṭa·tad*hsitʼa·tad*hšola·tad*hšona·tad*htena·tad*hṭʰina·tad*hṭʰoṭa·tad*huca·tad*hucuma·tad*hwela·tad*hwena·tad*hyawa·tad*kuʔmuca·tad*kʰula·tad*kʼana·tad*kʼoca·tad*kʼoma·tad*kʼopoškʼopoša·tad*kʼoṭa·tad*kʼowiša·tam*kʼoyat*maluma·tad*mowaqa·tad*nisat*pahšila·tad*poša·tad*pʰula·tad*pʰuwa·tad*qawa·tad*qawiwat*qoca·tad*qola·tad*qʰalema·tad*qʰama·tad*qʰaṭa·tad*qʰawa·tad1*qʰola·tad*qʼama·tad1*qʼasa·tad*qʼolowa·tad*qʼosa·tad*qʼoša·tad*qʼoṭa·tad*sahqacʼa·tad*skala·tad*sqʰawa·tad*sʼawila·tad*šamat2*šana·tad*ša·latad*šuda·tad*tula·tad*tʼatat*ʔaša·tad*ʔcʼuma·tad*ʔqʼala·tad*ʔṭʼela·tad
-ataqataqsfxPlural Act: the object undergoing the action is plural, or the act is performed on the same object more than onceoccurs with a few stems ending in /l/; sometimes causes deletion of an increment in the rootplur. aff.*hlalataq*mula·taq*pahšila·taq*yama·taq
-ayayv > vsfxDirectional: against, next to, atph. v.*ʔdu·cicʼayknow what to do (about a situation)abs.pʰiṭʼahšayʔlihammerdir.*baʔsʼilaysplash (water) from the mouth; for example, a horse drinking water tosses up its head and splashes it on something*bicʼulaycall to someone distant; holler at someone*bihpʰuṭaybe unable to lift with arms*bitʼenaysew pieces of cloth or skin together, attaching at edges [?]*biʔdicaybear another man's child while staying with husband*buʔsʼunaymake kissing noise*cahnowaysing over (for protection from enemy or from breaking taboo)*cunacaygather or pile items near or against something*cune·wayjoin againstjoint*cuʔsʼilaysplash (water) on something from the end of (a hose)*cʰitʼenaypatch, graft onto, attach*dakʼanayfrom pushing to be leaning against*daʔsʼilaysplash (water) on something or someone with the hand*daʔṭʼawaypress against something with the hand, and break it*doʔolaygive good luck togood luck charm*duʔṭʼašayjoin objects together*duʔṭʼawayhold against*haʔsʼilaysplash (water) on something by swinging the arm or leg: especially, throw water*hcowayhold or place something in front of someone, especially of food*micaythrow several (sticks) against (something)*mitahwaythrow several objects (such as sticks) against, one after another*muʔsʼilaysplash on something by an act of throwing*puhkʰewaymove something away or against by blowing*pʰaʔṭʼawaytie onpʰiṭʼahšayʔlihammer*pʰuʔsʼilaysplash (water) on or against something by blowing; scatter (dust) on something in the wind*qaʔsʼilaysquirt or splash something on a surface, as the result of squeezing (a tube of toothpaste, for instance)*šuʔdiwayintroduce to someone*šuʔsʼilaysplash (water) on something by moving an object back and forth, for instance by waving a wet cloth around*šuʔtʼenayfasten pieces together by tying*ṭʰeyaywrap (someone else) in cloth, etc.; spread (apron) on somebody else or over the side of something*ṭʼayaypour (something) onto (an object or surface); water a plant (pour water onto plant)*ʔbewayhold a long object against*ʔṭʼašaystick together firmlyinstr.pʰiṭʼahšayʔlihammer*bahpʰuṭaydir.bahpʰuṭáyʔvbe unable to finish telling (a story that is too long)*bane·ydir.-vput item on self*bane·yicʼrefl.baneyíʔvput item on self, hold item against self*baʔkʼuyaydir.baʔkʼuyáyʔvnod the head toward someone (in greeting)syn*miʔkʼanay*baʔqʼacaydir.baʔqʼacáyʔvmake secure with words, ask someone to look after something*baʔtʼenaydir.vhave name or be named (surname, not first name); name be assigned or attached*biʔṭʼawaydir.-vhug together, huddle together*biʔṭʼawaymucʼrecip.biʔṭʼawá·muʔvget close to each other, huddle together for warmth; make a seam?; hug together*dahpʰuṭaydir.dahpʰuṭáyʔvbe unable to finish (washing clothes) with hands*dihpʰuṭaydir.dihpʰuṭáyʔvbe unable to get up; have to keep lying down*duhpʰuṭaydir.duhpʰuṭáyʔvbe unable to finish with fingers*duʔtʼenaydir.duʔtʼenáyʔvfit together, attach, with the fingerpl.*dutʼehnayduʔtʼéhniwdutʼehnayʔabs.dutʼéhnayʔnpot-holder*mahpʰuṭaydir.mahpʰuṭáyʔvbe unable to finish walking a certain distance*miʔkanaydir.miʔkanáyʔvnod head to someone in greetingcf*miʔkʼanay*ʔkʰoš1*ʔkʼuy1*miʔkʼanaydir.miʔkʼanáyʔvtilt the nose or chin towards, nod in greetingsyn*baʔkʼuyaycf*miʔkanaypl.*mikʼahnaymikʼánayʔ*muʔkʼucaydir.muʔkʼucáyʔ1vdry hard and adhere to somethingcf*mokʼoṭʰma 1*moʔkʼoṭʰkʼoṭʰoc 1*muʔkʼu*muʔkʼubum2adj(of food) burned and stuck on pot*pihpʰuṭaydir.pihpʰuṭáyʔvbe unable to finish with side of instrument(chopping with an axe, hitting with stick)*pʰaʔtʼenaydir.-vmix with stick*pʰaʔtʼenaymucʼrecip.pʰaʔtʼenáymuʔvmix together with a stickpl.*pʰaʔtʼehnaymucʼpʰaʔtʼéhniw*qahpʰuṭaydir.qahpʰuṭáyʔvbe unable to finish eating*qapʰuhtaydir.-vspray*qapʰuhta·qacaus.vsprayqapʰuhta·qa·liinstr.qapʰúhta·qa·linsprayer (for insecticide)*sihpʰuṭaydir.sihpʰuṭáyʔvbe unable to finish drinking*siʔbalaydir.siʔbaláyʔvapproach, come close topl.*sibahlaysibáhlayʔ*siʔkʼucaydir.siʔkʼucáyʔvcling to when wet*tʼacaydir.tʼacáyʔvbutt something against; one thing against another; touch againstpl.*tʼahcaytʼáhcayʔ*tʼo·ydir.tʼoyʔ´vget (wind) of someone, catch someone's scent or aroma
-aʔyawaʔyawv > adjsfxcreates an adjective from a verb stem*mušucʼaʔyawcomp.mušucʼáʔyawadjlaughable, very funnymokʼocʼaʔyawcomp.mokʼocʼáʔyawadjamazing, thought by everyone to be able to do feats (good or bad) nearly impossible for othersʔilacaʔyawcomp.ʔilacáʔyawadjdisliked (place or person)hikʼo·cʼ aʔyawder.hikʼocʼáʔyawadjrespected by all, universally respected; the most respected