Kashaya - English
ø
Ø-Øthis prefix is restricted in occurrence to about two dozen of the class Vi; it means ‘with no specified agent’ and is frequently, but not always, best translated as a passive or as an intransitive verbpref.*cʰa·2be caught tightly, be snared or trapped*hcʰa5fall, fall over (from no apparent cause); get trapped*hcʰoc2be destroyed, wear away, wear out, become nothing, disappear, die away, wear out*hkʰe2move self or something in a direction; move, shift position while sitting along surface, scoot over*hlo2detach (with no agentive meaning)*hlo·m2break off joint*hlud2remove, break or cut off one something attached by a stem*hluṭʼ2sneak away*hmu·l2lag behind, stay behind*hpʰoṭ2make many fine particles come off a larger object with repeated movement*hsey2cover completely; spread over something*hsokʼot1one to make spurt*htay2touch, bother something*libit2peek, glimpse, catch a glimpse of*qʰac3divide, distribute evenly*qʼa·ṭ3scrape, file*sal2thin, sheer*sʼi·cʼ2fold*šud3be badsmlf.*ʔlawʔcido something quickly; grab or get something quickly, in an unspecified way; make a quick movement, such as to beat people to a placedir.*ʔṭʼašaystick together firmly*hqo·ci1der.-suddenly to overbend, strain or sprain a joint.*cʰi·ṭ3pref.cʰiʔ´take out (without a specifit agent)pl.*cʰiṭ2*cʰila·qocʼdir.cʰila·qóʔtake something out of something else by removing it in an upwards direction or picking it up in an unspecified manner*hnat2pref.náʔmock, imitate; weigh; measurepl. agt.*hnatacʼ1*hnaticʼrefl.natíʔtry, test*hwel2pref.-be slow*hwelicʼrefl.welíʔbe slow in doing something: literally, (not) be in a hurry, (not) do quickly*hyol2pref.-mix, spread*hyo·csmlf.yoʔ´1mix multiple things together; join or mix in with a group2spread or smear a liquid once*kel3pref.-stretch*kelicʼrefl.kelíʔstretch, straightenpl.*keli·tacʼ*keltacʼ*kišpref.kíšstretch taut (a broad thing, not a rope); stretch tight against or around somethingsyn*ki·š*kʰaš1pref.kʰáštalk indistinctly, yawn*pʰu·4pref.pʰuw´scatter small particles from the ground*qʰal4pref.qʰálʔbrush againstpl.*qʰahli1*qʼa·m4pref.qʼamʔ´protect a person or thing from something or someone else*qʼa·m5pref.qʼamʔ´radiate heat (in unspecified manner)pl.*qʼama·tad2*ṭʰe·2pref.ṭʰew´spread something out*ṭʰe·messiveṭʰemʔ´1vspread out to lie on, spread (cloth) over top of something; make bedcf*ṭʰeyay2nsomething spread out to lie on; a sheet, a bedspread; a covering on the floor or a seatsyn*hsem*šahmasa·wanapl.*ṭʰetam1ṭʰetámʔṭʰe·mʔ daʔbowcomp.ṭʰemʔ dáʔbowmattresssyncahti daʔbowka·ma*ṭʼahṭʰaṭpref.ṭʼáhṭʰaʔcrushed (of rock) or pieces of rock in the soilcf*hihsutqʰaʔbe ṭʼahṭʰaʔn.p.qʰaʔbe ṭʼáhṭʰaʔgravel found on mountains, not near watercfqʰaʔbe qaṭʰaw*ṭʼam4pref.ṭʼámʔstir up a swarm, not necessarily get stung without agentive meaning; best translated as passive or intransitive*way3pref.-wake up*wayicʼrefl.wayíʔwake up by oneself, without any external causesyn*qa·macʼcf*wa·c=ʔwa·yi 4pl.*wayʔtacʼwáyʔtaʔ*wayicʼqacaus.wayícʼqawwake (someone) up, without any specific meanscf*daway*ʔbalh2pref.-turn around*ʔbalhmuldir.-turn oneself around*ʔbalhmulicʼrefl.bálhmuliʔturn oneself around, turn in bedpl.*bahlimu·licʼbáhlimu·liʔ*ʔdi3pref.-move or hold one thing without agentive meaning; best translated as passive or intransitive*di·nʔwaddir.dist.dinʔwadúgo around holding*de·ddir.de·du´follow; trail, follow trackspl. agt.*de·cʼ*hude·dder.hude·du´applaud in the Indian way (by saying "ho")cfʔowpl. agt.*hude·cʼqʰama· de·duph. v.qʰama· dé·dufollow tracks*de·ducdir.de·dúʔfollow farpl. mvt.*dehtacʼicpl. agt.*de·cʼic*ʔduw2pref.dúwʔdiffuse, move through barrier, without agentive meaning; best translated as passive or intransitive*ʔkʰoš2pref.- bend (without an agent); bend long object near middle; bend at waist;fr. var.*hkʰoš*ʔkʰošcismlf.kʰóšciwbendfr. var.*hkʰošci*ʔkʰošcicʼrefl.kʰóšciʔbend one's own body at middle; bend at waistcf*likʰotfr. var.*hkʰošcicʼ*ʔkʼoy4pref.-sway*ʔlawʔ2pref.-do quickly*ʔlawʔcismlf.láwʔciwdo something quickly; grab or get something quickly, in an unspecified way; make a quick movement, such as to beat people to a place*ʔqʼalh2pref.-insert*ʔqʼalhmaessiveqʼálhmawinsert in placepl.*ʔqʼalhmatadqʼálhmata·du*ʔqʼoʔdi2pref.qʼoʔdíwdo well, do in a lasting way, do right, make good, fix, prepare, without agentive meaning; best translated as passive or intransitivepl.*ʔqʼoʔdiwad1ʔqʼóʔdowa·du*qʼoʔdicsmlf.-better oneself*qʼoʔdiyicʼrefl.qʼoʔdiyíʔbetter oneself*qʼoʔdiyicʰqacaus.calm down another person by talking to them*ʔsʼulh2pref.sʼúlʔpress back, down*ʔtʼa8pref.-detect, feel (in general, with no specific means)*tʼacsmlf.-touch against*tʼacaydir.tʼacáyʔbutt something against; one thing against another; touch againstpl.*tʼahcaytʼáhcayʔ*tʼa·ddur.tʼa·du´1one to feel (feelings, emotions; not from a specific sense organ)2(one) thinkpl. agt.*tʼa·cʼ*duʔsʼaʔ tʼa·dcomp.duʔsʼáʔtʼa·dube cold, freezing (only of weather), stinging coldcf*qahsilpišudu tʼa·dph. v.pišudú tʼa·dufeel bad, be or feel sorry (for someone)aph.šudu tʼa·d*tʼa·ladir.tʼa·lawstart to feel; start to think; have a thought or idea; a thought occurs to (oneself)pl.*tʼahtalatʼáhtalawfr. var.*tʼala*tʼawicʼrefl.tʼawíʔthink (about self)*ʔtʼaq2pref.tʼáʔrub (with soap) and lathercf*htaq 1pl.*tʼatʰqa1tʼátʰqaw*ʔtʼel2pref.tʼélʔdoubt; be doubtful to someonecf*ʔiṭʰoʔiṭʰoyawʔama ʔtʼelʔn.p.ʔamá ʔtʼelʔdoubter of ko·ko [taboo] or anythingcfʔama ʔiṭʰow*ʔtʼut2pref.tʼúʔhuddle; sit huddled up on self (from cold, or so someone can’t see you)*ʔtʼutʰu3pref.tʼutʰúwsqueeze, decrease inside spacepl.*tʼutʰu1tʼutʰúw*šuʔtʼutʰu2pref.-make narrower*šuʔtʼutʰucsmlf.šuʔtʼutʰúʔmake narrowercf*šeṭʰe·yaduc*ʔtʼutʰmuessive-huddle together*ʔtʼutʰmuyicʼrefl.ʔtʼútʰmuyiʔhuddle together, sit huddled*ʔṭʼaš2pref.ṭʼášfasten in place, without agentive meaning; best translated as passive or intransitivepl.*ṭʼahši2ṭʼáhšiwqʼohsa ṭʼaša·muʔlin.p.qʼohsa ṭʼáša·muʔliwelbow joint connectioncfqʼohsa qʼolo·mo*ʔṭʼašaydir.ṭʼašáyʔstick together firmly*ʔṭʼaṭ5pref.ṭʼáʔtwist together, mix*ʔṭʼubut2pref.ṭʼubúʔdive, go down yourself, submergepl.*ṭʼubut1ṭʼubú·taʔ*hqo·ci2smlf.qo·cíwmake carelessly
Kashaya Dictionary © 2018 Robert Oswalt®
