Kashaya - English



*cʼotocʼotocʼotocʼótowv(water) to drip fast, drops to fall, as rainmicʰaʔ cʼotócʼotowsweat drippingʔihcʰe cʼótocʼotowrain dripping (from eaves)syn*cutucutu*šališaliFrequentative of*cʼoto
*cʼotoma·tadPlural of*cʼoto·mdrip drops
*cʼoto·mcʼotomʔ´1v(water) to dripʔahqʰa cʼotomqáwater to make dripscʼoto·ma(to water) drip!pʰala cʼóto·ma(to water) drip again!cʼotomméʔ(to water in several places) drip!cʼotomcíwdrip once, one dropcʼotoma·láwto carry a leaky bucket downhillʔikʰe· cʼotó·mdew is drippingcʼotoma·tadúwater drips in several places1.3.2.3Drip2ndrops (of water, dew, sweat)1.3.2.3DripEssive of*cʼotoPlural*cʼotoma·tad
*cʼotʰqo-Plural of*cʼo·qinsertPlural Affix-t-
*cʼowi·bicvappear suddenlycʼowí·biciappear suddenly!Inceptive of*cʼo·cʼ-ibic
*cʼoyʔcʼedcʼóyʔcʼeduvbehave, act in a particular wayhayu ʔem kumiʔdaʔ mohsi cʼoyʔcʼeduthe dog is always acting full of energykumiʔdacʼe· ma men cʼoyʔcʼeduyou always act that waymaʔu naṭa hiʔbaya šulehenta min cʼoyʔcʼeduthat boy acts like a sneakmaʔu hiʔbaya qahmaʔ cʼoyʔcʼeduthat man acts madmen cʼóyʔcʼeʔtʰuʔdon't act that way!yaʔkʰe kúška ʔem mohsi cʼóyʔcʼiwaʔour cats are acting energetichiʔbaya ʔem ʔima·ta canʔbina haqóhqoʔ cʼoyʔcʼenʔthe man saw the woman and was acting crazymanʔ kumiʔdaʔ kule· cʼóyʔcʼedu·cedushe always acts crazy/excitedkumiʔdaʔ ma sʼawaʔ cʼoyʔcʼedu·cedunʔyou act weak all the timeyawánʔkʰe min cʼoyʔcʼeduis acting like it's going to vomitmatʰamʔbiná ʔe· mu men cʼóyʔcʼedam ˇsomeone broke taboo, that's why he's acting that wayʔama htáyʔ tʰin cʼoyʔcʼeʔtʰuʔdon't act so sensitive!winató· yihe cʼoyʔcʼeduhe always acts conceitedsyn*kʼoyʔcʼed*kʼo·cʼedPlural*cʼoyʔcʼiwacʼ
*cʼoyʔcʼiwacʼPlural of*cʼoyʔcʼedbehave, act
cʼoʔqʰocʼoʔqʰo´nheavy patchwork quilt with batting; general term for blanketqʰama mito cʼoʔqʰo wi miʔlúʔluyi·cʼiwrap your foot with the quiltkapú·ta cʼoʔqʰoquilted coatkapú·ta cʼoʔqʰonʔovercoatsyncoʔqʰokolco·ncf*šahmacʼ 25.1.1.3Bedcomp.kapu·ta cʼoʔqʰo
*cʼoʔqʰoccʼoʔqʰóʔvmany come to stand together; flock togethercʼoʔqʰónhciwto bunch up, gather into a crowdmi·li pʰiláhpʰi, kuma· cʼoʔqʰónhcimeʔyou all go there, and crowd together in one place!cʼoʔqʰó·tʰumeʔ(Speaking to birds) Don’t flock together!cʼoʔqʰócʰmeʔflock together!cʼiʔqʰóṭcimecʼmeʔkeep flocking together!cʼoʔqʰóṭcitʰumeʔdon't flock together!cʼoʔqʰóṭciyicʼmeʔkeep flocking togethercʼoʔqʰócciwflock oncecʼoʔqʰonhcimeʔ(to people) bunch up!Derivative:*cʼoʔqʰonhFree Variant*cʼoqʰonhci
*cʼoʔqʰonhcʼoʔqʰónʔcʼoʔqʰónʔ1vmany stand together, be bunched, be in a crowd (of animate beings or trees); used of large groups, more than 50qʰale cʼóʔqʰonalliwhere there's a bunch of treescʼoʔqʰómmeʔstand in a crowd! (to several)cʼoqʰonistand together!cʼoʔqʰónmeʔbe in a bunch! (to several)2na flocksʼihta cʼóʔqʰonʔflock of birds1.6.6Animal groupcomp.kapu·ta cʼoʔqʰonʔovercoat*cʼoʔqʰocder.cʼoʔqʰóʔvmany come to stand together; flock togetherfr. var.*cʼoqʰonhci
*cʼo·1-v-instrexpose, uncover, transform unintentionallyPlural*cʼot-*bacʼo·1pref.bacʼow´vexpose with the mouthpl.*bacʼotbacʼóʔ*bicʼo·2pref.bicʼow´vexpose teethpl.*bicʼotbicʼóʔ*bicʼo·cʼrefl.bicʼoʔ´vexpose one's teethpl.*bicʼotʰmacʼ*cocʼo·pref.cocʼow´vexpose by flowing waterpl.*cocʼotcocʼóʔ*cʰicʼo·pref.cʰicʼow´vexpose by digging with hoepl.*cʰicʼotcʰicʼóʔ*dacʼo·1pref.dacʼow´vexpose with the handpl.*dacʼotdacʼóʔ*dacʼocsmlf.-vexpose with hand*dacʼo·yicʼrefl.dacʼo·yíʔvexpose with the handsyn*dacʼo·cʼ*dacʼo·cʼrefl.dacʼoʔ´vexpose self with the handsyn*dacʼo·yicʼpl.*dacʼoticʼdacʼotíʔ*dicʼo·pref.dicʼow´vexpose by gravitypl.*dicʼotdicʼóʔ*docʼo·1pref.docʼow´vexpose with fingerpl.*docʼotdocʼóʔ*docʼo·cʼrefl.docʼoʔ´vexpose self with finger*hacʼo·pref.hacʼow´vexpose by kickingpl.*hacʼothacʼóʔ*hicʼo·pref.hicʼow´vexpose bodypl.*hicʼothicʼóʔ*hicʼo·cʼrefl.hicʼoʔ´vexpose one's body*macʼo·1pref.macʼow´vexpose by stepping onpl.*macʼotmacʼóʔ*macʼo·cʼrefl.macʼoʔ´vexpose one's feet*micʼo·pref.micʼow´vcount up, add up, get totalpl.*micʼotmicʼóʔ*miʔcʼowad*pʰacʼo·pref.pʰacʼow´vuncover by poundingpl.*pʰacʼotpʰacʼóʔ*pʰicʼo·pref.pʰicʼow´vexpose or find something by digging with mattocksyn*pʰiʔcʼo1pl.*pʰicʼotpʰicʼóʔ*pʰicʼo·cʼrefl.pʰicʼoʔ´vopen one's eyes (after sleep or long closure)*pʰocʼo·1pref.pʰocʼow´vexpose by blowingpl.*pʰocʼotpʰocʼóʔ*pʰocʼo·cʼrefl.pʰocʼoʔ´vexpose self by blowing*šocʼo·pref.šocʼow´vexpose by pullingsyn*šošolhma*šoṭʰopl.*šocʼotšocʼóʔ*šocʼo·cʼrefl.šocʼoʔ´vexpose self by pulling*šocʼošocʼo·cʼfreq.šocʼošócʼoʔv-redbare one's skin repeatedly
*cʼo·2-v-instrturn, become, transformsyn*ʔcʼo·Plural*ʔcʼowad-*bacʼo·2pref.bacʼow´vstart to sing or play musical instrumentpl.*baʔcʼowadbaʔcʼowá·du*bacʼocsmlf.bacʼóʔvstart singing, talking, etc.??*bicʼo·1pref.bicʼow´vtransform by sewingpl.*biʔcʼowadbiʔcʼowá·du*cacʼo·pref.cacʼow´v1transform by sitting2whittlepl.*caʔcʼowadcaʔcʼowá·du*dacʼo·2pref.dacʼow´vtransform with the hand, by rubbing or washing; make turn different color or shape with the handpl.*daʔcʼowaddaʔcʼowá·du*docʼo·2pref.docʼow´vsomething supernatural to happencf*ṭʰaʔbamci 2pl.*doʔcʼowaddoʔcʼowá·du*macʼo·2pref.macʼow´vtransform by walkingpl.*maʔcʼowadmaʔcʼowá·du*mocʼo·pref.mocʼow´v1become, turn; change appearance (in color or shape) as the result of heat or energysyn*moʔcʼo·2become sunburned (with or without specifying "red")pl.*mocʼot2mocʼóʔ*pʰocʼo·2pref.pʰocʼow´vtransform by blowing: start up a fire by blowing on it, cause to brighten up, get better by doctoringpl.*pʰoʔcʼowadpʰoʔcʼowá·du*qacʼo·pref.qacʼow´vtransform by chewing, chew something to shape it with teethpl.*qacʼotad*qaʔcʼowadqaʔcʼowá·du*sicʼo·pref.sicʼow´vturn; transform by waterpl.*siʔcʼowadsiʔcʼowá·du
*cʼo·cʼcʼoʔ´1vapppear, arise, come into existence, be createdcʼo·cʼiappear!cʼocʼi·du(cʼé·du)keep appearingcʼocʼméʔappear! (to an in-law)cʼotícʼmeʔappear! (to several)men ʔbakʰe biʔduʔ cʼoʔit's nature (innate)2ncreation9.1.2.3Create3vbe resurrectedto· ṭʼo cʼocʼkʰe tʰín hla·li ʔem ʔṭʼobut I will probably not be resurrected4vrelapse, have a setback, recurrence of illnesspʰala cʼoʔyhad a setback5vbecome conscious (e.g., after fainting), come toʔacaʔ cʰoyicʼba ʔnati pʰala cʼoʔyalthough the person died, he came to againPlural*cʼota·d*cʼoticʼcʼotíʔcomp.ʔama· cʼo·cʼcreation (of world)abs.ʔama· cʼo·cʼcreation (of world)huʔuymo cʼotiʔlicomp.huʔú·mo cʼotiʔlin1moviessynʔama· cʼoticʰqaʔliʔama· cʼotiʔli2televisioncʼo·cʼ mensʼiwder.cʼoʔ ménsʼiwvappear from out of nowhere, do so fast you can't seepʰala cʼo·cʼph. v.pʰala cʼóʔvresurrectpʰala cʼoʔ meʔn.p.pʰala cʼóʔ meʔnTime of Resurrectionqalito· cʼoʔn.p.qalitó· cʼoʔnangelʔaca·c cʼo·cʼn.p.ʔacaʔ cʼóʔnCreation of Man*dicʼo·cʼpref.dicʼoʔ´vappear*cʼo·cʼqacaus.cʼocʼqáwvcreate, bring into existencepl.*cʼoticʼqa*cʼowi·bicincep.vappear suddenly
cʼo·cʼ mensʼiwcʼoʔ ménsʼiwvappear from out of nowhere, do so fast you can't seecʼocʼa·dadu mensʼiwto do so fast you can't seemu _jet_ ʔemu mi· cʼoʔ ménsʼiwthat jet gets there before you know it (as if it just appears from out of nowhere)Derivative:*cʼo·cʼ
*cʼo·cʼqacʼocʼqáwvcreate, bring into existencecʼocʼqacreate one!cʼotícʼqacreate several!Causative of*cʼo·cʼPlural*cʼoticʼqa
*cʼo·m-v-instrbreak in two pieces, in half, in the middlePlural*cʼotam-*bacʼo·mpref.bacʼomʔ´vinterrupt someone who is speakingpl.*bacʼotambacʼotámʔ*cacʼo·mpref.cacʼomʔ´vchop off, amputate a limbpl.*cacʼotamcacʼotámʔ*dacʼo·mpref.dacʼomʔ´vbreak (a string) in two pieces by pressing with the handpl.*dacʼotamdacʼotámʔ*docʼo·mpref.docʼomʔ´vbreak off a piece with the fingers, such as a plant by twisting the stempl.*docʼotamdocʼotámʔ*macʼo·mpref.macʼomʔ´vtear (a rolled newspaper) in two while holding in the hand, pressing the fingers to the palmpl.*macʼotammacʼotámʔ*micʼo·mpref.micʼomʔ´vbreak the small point off a long objectpl.*micʼotammicʼotámʔ*mocʼo·mpref.mocʼomʔ´vburn (a string) in two pieces, whether of equal or unequal length; can be very close to an endpl.*mocʼotammocʼotámʔ*pʰicʼo·mpref.pʰicʼomʔ´vbreak or chop (a limb, a stick) in two with the side of an instrument(crosswise, not lengthwise)pl.*pʰicʼotampʰicʼotámʔ*pʰocʼo·mpref.pʰocʼomʔ´vbreak in two pieces by blowing; (wind) blow the top or a limb off a treepl.*pʰocʼotampʰocʼotámʔ*qacʼo·mpref.qacʼomʔ´vbite in two pieces; bite off (a piece of celery); chew off (in plural)pl.*qacʼotamqacʼotámʔ*sicʼo·mpref.sicʼomʔ´vdivide in two pieces by getting wet; (water) make (paper) come apartpl.*sicʼotamsicʼotámʔ*šacʼo·mpref.šacʼomʔ´vbreak something in two by throwingpl.*šacʼotamšacʼotámʔ*šocʼo·mpref.šocʼomʔ´vtear (a cloth, paper, string) in half, in two (possibly unequal) piecespl.*šocʼotamšocʼotámʔ
*cʼo·q-v-instrinsert; stick intoPlural*cʼotʰqo-*bacʼo·qpref.bacʼoʔ´vpeckcf*baʔdenpl.*bacʼotʰqobacʼótʰqow*cocʼo·qpref.cocʼoʔ´vinsert in a rounded objectpl.*cocʼotʰqococʼótʰqow*cʰicʼo·qpref.cʰicʼoʔ´vsnag (fish) with hookcfcicaqʰpl.*cʰicʼotʰqocʰicʼótʰqow*dacʼo·qpref.dacʼoʔ´vinsert something into handpl.*dacʼotʰqodacʼótʰqow*docʼo·qpref.docʼoʔ´vstick something into fingerpl.*docʼotʰqodocʼótʰqow*hacʼo·qpref.hacʼoʔ´vthrow something sharp so that it sticks inpl.*hacʼotʰqohacʼótʰqow*hicʼo·qpref.hicʼoʔ´vinsert into the bodypl.*hicʼotʰqohicʼótʰqowhicʼoʔ cohtoph. v.hicʼoʔ cóhtowv1stand upside down2somersault, fall and turn over*macʼo·qpref.macʼoʔ´vinsert something into sole of foot; step on something sharppl.*macʼotʰqomacʼótʰqow*mocʼo·qpref.mocʼoʔ´vthrow long object (spear, knife) lengthwise so that it stickspl.*mocʼotʰqomocʼótʰqow*pʰacʼo·qpref.pʰacʼoʔ´vpoke, stab, spearpl.*pʰacʼotʰqopʰacʼótʰqopʰacʼotʰqoʔlider.pʰacʼótʰqoʔlinspit (for roasting)*pʰicʼo·qpref.pʰicʼoʔ´vpenetrate (wood, ground, log) with side of instrument (pick, axe, hook)pl.*pʰicʼotʰqopʰicʼótʰqow*qacʼo·qpref.qacʼoʔ´v1bite through with one tooth2stick self in mouth (with bone or something sharp)pl.*qacʼotʰqoqacʼótʰqow*šocʼo·qpref.šocʼoʔ´vpull on (fishline) and hook (a fish)pl.*šocʼotʰqošocʼótʰqow
*cʼo·t1-Plural of*ʔcʼo·turn, becomePlural Affix-t2
*cʼo·t2cʼoʔ´v(tears) appearʔu·qʰa cʼoʔtears well up (or feeling sad)ʔú·qʰa cʼota·dutears keep welling up (not running down but staying in eyes)ʔú·qʰa cʼotʰqalet tears comecʼó·ti(to tears) be tears!ʔacacʼel kʰašá·du·li ʔu·qʰa cʼohywhen yawned tears welled uppʰala cʼó·ti(to tears) be tears! #again
*cʼo·ṭ1-v-instrbreak off ends of long objectscf*ʔcʼe*ʔcʼet*ʔcʼo 1*ʔcʼon*ʔcʼot*ʔcʼot*bicʼo·ṭpref.bicʼoʔ´vcut off ends by encircling*cacʼo·ṭpref.cacʼoʔ´vcut off ends with knife*cocʼo·ṭ2pref.cocʼoʔ´vbreak off ends by shooting*dacʼo·ṭpref.dacʼoʔ´vbreak ends with hand; snap something taut (string) with hand*docʼo·ṭpref.docʼoʔ´v1break off, detach, pick off pieces from edge with fingerscfcʼopʼ2pick out waste parts*hicʼo·ṭpref.hicʼoʔ´vends fall off body (e.g., paper kleenex rubs on something and pulls pieces off itself)*macʼo·ṭpref.macʼoʔ´vgrab a big bunch with feet or hand*pʰicʼo·ṭpref.pʰicʼoʔ´vbreak off ends with the side of a long object*pʰocʼo·ṭpref.pʰocʼoʔ´vbreak by blowing*qacʼo·ṭpref.qacʼoʔ´vcut off ends with scissors or teeth*šocʼo·ṭpref.šocʼoʔ´vbreak off ends by pushing or pulling
*cʼo·ṭ2-v-instrstack uponly with cu-Plural*cʼohti2-*cocʼo·ṭ1pref.cocʼoʔ´1vstack up, make an even pile (for wood, paper, ice cubes; not gravel)2npile, stackpl.*cocʼohṭicocʼóhṭiwcocʼo·ʔ cuhtin.p.cocʼoʔ cúhtinbasket design of stacked triangles
*cʼuhli-Plural of*cʼulshoutPlural Affix-h-
*cʼul-v-instrshoutPlural*cʼuhli-*cʼulma-*bicʼulpref.bicʼulʔvshout, hollerpl.*bicʼulmabicʼúlmaw*bicʼulacʼqacaus.bicʼulácʼqawv(bird) make cry*bicʼulaydir.bicʼuláyʔvcall to someone distant; holler at someonepl.*bicʼuhlaybicʼúhlayʔ
*cʼula·t-Plural of*cʼu·l1remove surface matterPlural Affix-at
*cʼula·tad-Plural of*cʼu·l2do very hard and hurtalso with DurativePlural Affix-at