yaya1st person Plural Nominative: weyaʔkʰeben.yaʔkʰe´11st person Plural Benefactive: for us21st person Plural Possessive: our, oursyaʔkʰe ʔa·penʔn.p.yaʔkʰe ʔá·penʔOur Fathercfbaʔapʰṭʰeduwiʔcapʰṭʰehapʰṭʰe 2weya qʼoʔdi yacvoc.yaʔkʰe ʔa·pedeyaʔnaloc.yáʔna11st person Plural Locative: where we are21st person Plural Locative of Home: at our house, at our placeyalobj.yál11st person Plural Accusative: us21st person Plural Inalienable Possessive: our, ours
Kashaya - English
y
=yacyaʔ1Agentive: indicates the cause or driving force behind an action; can be used with animals and inanimates that are seen to cause some changebaqʼo tʰin yaʔ yal qʰama núwa·dadusomething is chasing usyahmóʔ yaʔ ʔacaʔ múhtenʔthe panther pounced on the manʔahqʰa yaʔ miṭaʔ sihcʰúhcʰuwthe water is washing away the sand2Relative Nominalizer: the one who does the thing named in the preceding verb phrase; use in many names of professionstó· ṭʼo maʔál dicʼi·duwá·du yaʔthe one who told me about hermihyácʼkʰe yaʔthe one that is going to win3Respectful, or Honorific: indicates respect for the person named by the noun; used with in-laws and deceased personsObjective=yacolBenefactive=yacoʔkʰeLocative=yacoʔnaVocative=yacocomp.duyaʔtaw yacdreamerhelper or assistant, especially to a dreamer or traditional doctor; sings in the background while healing is in progresswitness, counselormaya hca yacyou folks, your people, your kind of peopleʔahqa hqama·du yacgambler, one who gamblesʔama·qʼoyacfarmern.p.bihše duhkʰuya·du yacbutchercahno dacetiʔ yactape recordercuhma dúhkʰu·muʔ yacʰmaarmykawa·yu cumahci· yaccowboy, rider; horse breaker, rider of bucking horsesmace·yacguardmatʼileʔya ʔelšiwa·du yacsalesperson, salesman, saleswoman; merchantmaʔa dutʼata·du yaccooknaṭa yya biditanʔqa· yacmidwifeqali bakʰe yacangel, Godweya qʼoʔdi yacHoly Spiritʔahqʰatol duhkʰu·muʔ yacʰmanavyʔahqʰatol qamu·muʔ yacʰmanavyʔama ciqʰamʔ yacsurveyorʔama· yow ʔbakʰe yacdevil, Satanʔima·ta ʔelšiwa·du yacpimpder.cahno lowaʔ yacsubj.tiya·cLogophoric Agentive Nominative: he, she, it, they (coreferential with the higher subject)unspec. comp. formqawi ʔiy yacyounger (of several siblings)bahṭʰe ʔiy yacder.bahṭʰe ʔí· yaʔolder, elder (of several siblings)hiyemʔ yacder.hiyémʔ yaʔlord, ruler, one with authoritycahno dicʼma·yacn.p.cahno dícʼma·yaʔinterpretersʼaʔsʼa siqʰoliʔ yacn.p.sʼaʔsʼa síqʰoliʔ yaʔvacuum cleanersynʔama· cisulqaʔliʔama hnatʰqa· yacn.p.ʔamá hnatʰqa· yaʔsurveyorfr. var.ʔama ciqʰamʔ yacʰmaʔama· cʼoʔ yacn.p.ʔama· cʼóʔ yaʔGod, the Creator=yacʰmaplur.yacʰmaPlural for animate nouns, especially people
=yacʰmayacʰmaPlural for animate nouns, especially peoplePlural of=yacn.p.cuhma qamu·muʔ yacʰmaarmy; soldiers
*yahwiya·macʼyahwiyá·maʔthank (someone), give thanks (for something)yahwiyá·maʔ ʔima·ta ʔelthey thanked the womanyahwiyá·maʔteʔlet's give thanksʔanahmi yahwiya·macʼe·dun ʔe· ʔa mito maʔuI thank you very much for thisReflexive of*yahwiyam
yalayala´1adjstraight, right onyala cúdaʔ tʰin, musu· cuhcélhmadomnot floating out straight, the log got stuck crosswise, they sayyala cíticʼqastraighten them!yala móhqadrive straight ahead!to· tólhqʰaʔ yala wá·ducome straight toward me!ʔaná· heʔe yalavery straight hairmulido hadu· ʔel ma·cáʔ ṭʼo yala pʰíla·cʼiʔ ˉ. The others, however, went right on.ʔahca yalastraight roomcfkucʼa·hasʼalutyalaw 2yuyu·c8.3.1.3Straight2adjdirect, honest4.3.5Honest3adj(stretched) flat, smooth8.3.1.3.1Flat4adjbland (tasting)synpayasihqal2.3.3Taste5advimmediatelysynkuyala 1ʔanawi8.4.6.4.4Immediatelykuyalacomp.kuyála1advright now, right awaysynyala 5ʔanawi2adjerect*yalacsmlf.yaláʔstraighten out; be stretched or straightened outcf*yuyu·c
*yalacʰqastraighten something out
yalaqolacʼyalaqólaʔyoung spike buck1.6.3Animal life cycle1.6.1.1.3Hoofed animalsCompound:Absolutive:yala*qola-acʼ1
yalawyaláw1adjpreviousyalá· capa tolin the previous weekyalá· capaltowsince last weekyaláw ʔṭʼo ʔa soh me· ʔicé·dutʰin muʔnati bihqatol ʔa soh mi· ʔiʔkʰe ʔbefore (earlier, previous times) I didn't stay there but this time I'm going to stay thereyalá· capa tol ṭuhsoyíduṭaʔthis past Fridayantna·micfšihcac 12advat firstyala· pucecʼi·du cuhse wiat first she was shielding herself with the cradle basketmuhtʰi wáyimʔ mu yalá· ʔama· šiweyí·biʔ meṭʼ ido·–bihkʰólhmacʼe·duthe first rattlesnake comes out at the beginning of spring, they sayyalawʔ bakʰe ʔacaʔthe first manyalaw él dibi·yhe picked up the first oneyala· cíla bahqoṭólqacʼe·du bihše ʔem ˆ. The deer hesitated for a long time at first.cfyala 1yala·macder.yalá·maʔ1at first, from the beginning2for a while
yala·macyalá·maʔ1at first, from the beginningyalá·maʔ be·li ma·dúcʼba to ʔama dúhkal ʔtʼa·duʔyow tʼoʔṭʼoto ʔeʔné·cicʼwiywhen I first came here I felt lonesome, but now I am used to (the place)mensʼi·li mul mu·kinʔ mil ʔbakʰe yala·maʔ ʔahqʰa ʔqʼoʔthen, at first, he drank some of that wateryala·maʔ cahnocí·du “heʔen ʔa tubícʼkʰe tʰin e·” nihceduAt first she was saying, “I can’t get up.”maʔu ʔé· mu ʔa yalá·maʔ ʔacaʔ qašóhqaw ʔaná· na·qʰo mal ʔbakʰe ʔinThe first person I cured was when I was more than twelve years old.yala·maʔ bakʰe ʔacaʔthe first man2for a whileDerivative:yalaw
yala·maʔ bakʰeoriginal, first
yama·niyama·ni´sheep6.3.1.2SheepFree Variantyama·nuyama·ni qawicomp.yama·ni qáwilambyama·ni ʔimecomp.yama·ni ʔímewool, and by extension cotton
yama·ni qawiyama·ni qáwilambyama·ni qáwiyoung lamb6.3.1.2Sheep1.6.3Animal life cycleCompound:yama·niqawi
yama·ni ʔimeyama·ni ʔímewool, and by extension cotton6.3.7Animal products6.6.1.1ClothCompound:yama·niʔime
yama·nu bihšelamb (meat)
