ssaza³³🔊AUX (mood)（助）need用/yòng/ Ngo baxlaxr zza ho a, ni ngo leil gger nr ssa.我已经有碗了，你不用给我了。I already have a bowl, you don't need to give (one) to me.1. There are five modal words that are used when giving an order, request or suggestion. Those words include /ssi/, /la/, /nia/, /ssa/ and /ngo/. The /ssi/ and /la/ are both polite imperative particles. The /ssi/ 'go' involves someone physically moving from one place to another place to carry out the request. The word /nia/ means 'need, should; must (do something)'; this word is never negated. The word /ssa/, which is always negated, means '(not) need (to do something)' and is used as the negative alternative to /nia/. The word /ngo/ has been labeled as (polite formula) and is used to make suggestions or recommendations. However, none of these forms need be considered harsh or demanding; the tone of voice and context would determine how politely someone is being asked to do something. 当给‘命令’，‘要求’或‘建议’时，有五个“语气的；情态的”字可以用。包括：/ssi/, /la/, /nia/, /ssa/ 和 /ngo/. 对 /ssi/ 此字的分析是比较不确定的，需要多一些的探讨。/ssi/ 和 /la/ 都是用于比较礼貌性的祈使语气。目前所拥有的数据显示： /ssi/ 涉及让某人从一处移到另一处，来完成所给的命令。好比叫某人带一张抹布过来帮忙洗碗，那么就可以用 /ssi/。若求人帮忙功课上的问题，就用 /la/ 字。/nia/ 的意思是‘需要，应该，必须（做某事）’；此字从不用在否定式。/ssa/ 字总是用于否定式，意思是‘不需要（做某事）’；可以作为 /nia/ 的否定式的替换物。 /ngo/ 字被标记为客套话的公式，准则，常用于提出建议或推荐。然而，以上所说的字，没有一个是被认为是严厉的或苛刻的; 讲话者的语气或声调，可以看出提出请求的人，所具有的礼貌上的程度。An auxiliary (AUX) is defined as word which accompanies the main verb in a clause and helps to make distinctions in the mood, timing or direction of the verb.助动词的定义是：一个或几个字在子句或从句中，伴随着主要动词；可以帮助区分‘情绪，氛围’，‘时序，时机’或‘动词的方向’。Compare另见cexrlaniangovarxiessa za³³
Yao'an Loxrlavu - English
ss
ssaessaelssae zæ³³zæ⁵⁵zæ³³adj.（形）bright; shining; sparkling亮亮的/liàngliàng de/ Aniux hal ddo meixddur zze ssaessaelssae, yarzi i zae.那个孩子眼睛亮亮的，很漂亮。That child's eyes are bright, (they) are very pretty.ssaessaelssae
ssaexr zæ̠ʔ²¹adj.（形）hot热/rè/ Sudene mel naxcir ar yoxr a, xilbe zzar ssaexr a dda ddo, wordabbor yarzi miur.“Sudene”是一种药，内热可以喝，山上很多。"Sudene" is a type of medicine, when something in the stomach is (too) hot, (it) can be drunk, there is a lot of it on the mountain.loan借Compare另见gielcotaxlzzor ssaexr dzo²¹ zæ̠ʔ²¹
ssarza²¹🔊v.（动）brush on; dye; put on lipstick; stain染/rǎn/ Yar pia piu xiux lei pia neix ssar mal a.他白色的衣服都染成了黑色的衣服。His/her white clothes were all dyed black.This is a loanworrd, and in loanwords the Mandarin Chinese /r/ often becomes the Central Yi /ss/ [z].借词中的 /r/，在彝语中通常用 /ss/, [z] 的音来发出。ssar za²¹
ssaxlza̠⁶⁶🔊v.（动）get out of the way; make way让开/ràng kāi/ Niur eil ddei caezi ssaxl nr saexl.这个牛不知道让车子。This cow does not know it needs to let (the) car get by.1. The Loxrlavu word is /bael/ but most people use this loan word now. 彝族话 /bael/ 是‘让’的意思，但是一般人都用 /ssal/ 这个借词。In loanwords, the Mandarin Chinese /r/ often becomes the Central Yi /ss/, [z].借词中的 /r/，在彝语中通常用 /ss/, [z] 的音来发出。Compare另见baelssaxl za̠⁶⁶
sseize³³🔊1adj.（形）durable; reliable; structurally sound; sturdy牢/láo/ Yaa ddei zzaegu mel yarzi naxrcixl, yarzi ssei, yel hormo koxl nei sser wo a.他们家的东西很宝贵，很牢，所以用了好几年。Their thing(s) are high quality, very durable, so (they) can use (them) for many years. Baezo eil zex yarzi ssei, gga lei gga te nr ddo.这股绳子很牢，拉也拉不断。This rope is very strong, it can't be pulled and broken.2adv.（副）firmly; still住/zhù/ Nia fa dae nia, armael leil guaxr ssei xie nia.你们要小心，要管得住自己。You need to be careful to firmly control yourselves. Sulzzasu hal ddox mel cux ssei nr ddo a, hacixl-hage.那个学生坐不住，动来动去。That student can't sit still, (s/he) moves here and there.Compare另见dolsseiddodolverddosseigussersseiddosser ssei xieverssei ze³³
sseiguze³³kɤ³³🔊n.（名）column; pillar; post柱子/zhùzi/ Xi zi a mel, sseigu zza saelnei ver.盖房子，有柱子才牢。When building a house, there must be posts for it to be sturdy. Xi zi a, sseigu sser dae mel mel, yilzal'ael zza sael sser cexr.盖房子，用的柱子要有一丈二才可以用。When building a house, the posts have to be 3.5 meters long in order to be used.1. In the context of building a home the /sseigu/ can be shortened to /ssei/./sseigu/ ~ /sseigo/taexCompare另见ssei
sseigu ze³³kɤ³³
sseirsseilsseir ze²¹ze⁵⁵ze²¹adj.（形）sparkling闪闪发光/shǎn shǎn fā guāng/ Yar pia xiux sseirsseilsseir yarzi bbo.她的衣服闪闪发光特别亮。His/her sparking clothes were very bright.sseirsseilsseir ze²¹ze⁵⁵ze²¹
sserzə²¹🔊v.（动）put up with; tolerate忍/rěn/ Si ngo leil bbeix vuxryixr lei, ngo sser dae lalnga; si leil nr seir nr bei.别人侮辱我，我只是忍着，没有做对别人不好的。Though others mock me, I will just tolerate (them); (I) won't treat others badly.In loanwords, the Mandarin Chinese /r/ often becomes the Central Yi /ss/ [z].借词中的 /r/，在彝语中通常用 /ss/, [z] 的音来发出。Compare另见sserddosser gex daessersseiddosser ssei xiesser zə²¹
ssercixrhualzə²¹tsʰɿ̠²¹xʷa⁵⁵🔊n.（名）banter善意地逗弄/shànyì de dòuhào/ Halcar a mel, caleixlssor ssormaerleixl mel zzicarzzi dax degax a mel, ssercixrhual bbeix.以前小伙子和小姑娘开玩笑的时候，是说 “ssercixrhual”。In times past, when the young men and young women were kidding around, they would banter (with each other).In the past, a part of the culture was to have a kind of creative bantering back and forth between a young man who came courting and the young woman he was courting. This practice is not being passed on to the young people.qirsserqixrhual zə²¹tʃʰi̠²¹xʷa⁵⁵
sserddo zə²¹-do³³adj.（形）tolerant忍耐/rěnnài/ Capor maerssor cirgo a nixixl goxr a mel, sserddo nia.夫妻在一起过日子，要有忍耐。When a man and woman live together, they need to be patient.Compare另见ssersser gex daessertexr zzasserddax zə²¹-da̠⁴⁴
sser gex daezə²¹ kɯ̠⁴⁴ tɛ³³🔊v.（动）persevere忍受/rěnshòu/ Yar capor yar leil hie a lei, yar sser gex dae.她丈夫虽然骂她，她忍受着。Though her husband scolds her, she perseveres.loan借Compare另见ssersserddossersseiddosser ssei xiessertexr zzasser gex zə²¹ kɯ̠⁴⁴
sserloxrddo zə²¹-lo̠²¹-do³³v.（动）have enough够用/gòu yòng/ Ngua zzirbae nr be bbeixarnar nael sserloxrddo.虽然我的钱不多但是够用。Though we don't have a lot of money (we) have enough.sserloxrddax zə²¹-lo̠²¹-da̠⁴⁴
ssersseiddo zə²¹-ze³³-do³³1adj.（形）durable了/láo/ Zzaeggu eil ddei yarzi ssersseiddo.这个东西很耐用。This thing is very durable.2long-suffering; patient有忍耐/yǒu rěnnài/ Capor hal ddei yarzi ssersseiddo, yar maerssor yar leil hie a lei yar cir qir lei ddar-nr-koxl.Compare另见dolsseiddosseissersser gex daesser ssei xiessersseiddax zə²¹-ze³³-da̠⁴⁴
sser ssei xiezə²¹ ze³³ ʃʲɛ³³🔊v.（动）endure; persevere受得了/shòu dé liǎo/ Ssormaer hal ddei mel, yar capor cirni-cirni yar leil deil lei, yar halae yarzi sser ssei xie.虽然那个女人的丈夫每天都打她，她还是忍受得了。That woman, though her husband hits her every day, she is still able to persevere very well.doxr, Compare另见sseissersser gex daessersseiddosser ssei ddax zə²¹ ze³³ da̠⁴⁴
ssertexr zza zə²¹tə̠ʔ²¹ dza³³v.（动）have patience; patient有忍耐/yǒu rěnnài/ Ngo mel pixrqixl yarzi cer a, ssertexr nr zza, yar zzael yarzi ssertexr zza.我平气很坏，没有忍耐，他却很有忍耐。My disposition is very bad, (I) don't have any patience, but as for him/her (s/he) has lots of patience.In loanwords, the Mandarin Chinese /r/ often becomes the Central Yi /ss/ [z].借词中的 /r/，在彝语中通常用 /ss/, [z] 的音来发出。Compare另见sserddosser gex daessertexr zza zə²¹tə̠ʔ²¹ dza³³
ssexlzə̠⁶⁶🔊1v.（动）acknowledge; admit承认/chéngrèn/ Zzaegu eil ddei yar bei xiaxr gger, nael yar ssexl nr bel a.这个东西是他弄坏的，但是他不敢承认了。S/he broke this thing, but s/he does not dare admit it.2recognize认出来/rèn chū lái/ Yar ddei mur hal ddei mel seirpor ssexl, yel kebal ca mel zzaer wo nr xie.他的那匹马认出来主人，所以其他人不能骑。His/her horse recognizes its owner, so other people can not ride (it). Yar aniuxssor tor, ngo yar leil mia goxr a; eilboxl yar vaer ho a, ngo halae yar leil ssexl teixl lei a.他小时候，我看见过他；现在他已经长大了，我还是把他认出来了。When s/he was still a small child, I saw him/her; now after s/he is grown, I still recognize him/her.In loanwords, the Mandarin Chinese /r/ often becomes the Central Yi /ss/ [z].借词中的 /r/，在彝语中通常用 /ss/, [z] 的音来发出。ssexl zə̠⁶⁶
ssizɿ³³🔊1v.（动）go去/qù/ Ni zzaegu vur ggie ssi a, ngo leil zzaegu ar ddei vae gger si la.你去商店帮我买一个东西去。When you go to the store, buy me something. Almeixr zzor ji ho a, yar aniux ddox leil bber dae a, zalbbaer ssi dae.吃过饭后，她背着孩子在外面走。After eating, she carried her child on her back, and went outside.2AUX (direction)（助[方向]）(direction away from the speaker)走（表示动作从说话人所在的地方）/zǒu/ Yar sulzzaggie gga ddir a, sulzzasu mel leil mul gger ssi a.他学校进了，教给学生去了。S/he entered the school, going to teach the students.An auxiliary (AUX) is defined as a word which accompanies the main verb in a clause and helps to make distinctions in the mood, timing or direction of the verb. Some verbs function as main verbs of movement as well as auxiliaries showing direction.助动词的定义是：一个字在子句或从句中，伴随着主要动词；可以帮助区分‘情绪，氛围’，‘时序，时机’或‘动词的方向’。 有一些词可以用作含有移动性的主要动词，或用作助动词以显明方向。3IMP（祈使式） Almer lei a, ni ngua ake ssi a, ngo pia mel arleixr vei du gger ssi!下雨了，你去我们家把我的衣服收起来一下！It is raining, go to our house, (and) put my clothes away. (They are hanging to dry outside). Camar hal ddox ssi lei ssi ver nr xie, ni yar leil arleixr gga ssi!那个老人走也走不稳了，你去拉她一下！That old person can't walk steadily, go lead him/her.The /ssi/ 'go' is sometimes pronounced /yi/ even in Mayou. The above sentence could beː /Camar hal ddox ssi lei ssi ver nr xie a, ni yar leil arleixr gga yi!/. Any of the /ssi/ verbs could be exchanged with /yi/ in that sentence.leixr, doxr, boxl,Compare另见laniangosul zza ssiyizzaegu vae ssiyi ʝi³³
ssicixl-ssigezɿ³³tsʰɿ̠⁶⁶-zɿ³³kɯ³³🔊idiom（习语）go here and there走来走去/zǒu lái zǒu qù/ Ca hal ddei niur ar ddei loxl pixl a, yel yar zoxrzixr a, ssicixl-ssige arsae bei nia lei nr saexl.那个人打失了一头牛，所以他着急，走来走去不知道要怎么办。That person lost a cow when taking (the herd) out to graze, so s/he was worried, and went here and there not knowing what (s/he) should do.Compare另见beixcixl-beixgehacixl-hagehacixl-hagemaexcixl-maexgexiarcixl-xiargeyiqixl-yige ʝi³³tʃʰi̠⁶⁶-ʝi³³kɯ³³
Yao’an Loxrlavu Dictionary © 2018 SIL International®
