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a ʔa³³(Breath Group Marker)(唬吸群)/hǔxīqún/ Arleixr hher a, ni ngua dax lei a, ngua dax cirgo a, almeixr zzor lei ngo.过一会儿,你来我家,跟我们一起,吃饭吧。After a while, come (visit) with us, (and) with us, come eat please.1. When clauses are juxtaposed, this marker functions as a coordinating conjunction or the link between breath groups. These breath group markers often occur at the clause boundaries but not always. When the marker joins clauses together, it tends to be pronounced as the near-open front vowel [æ], accompanied by rising intonation. When this marker occurs at the end of a sentence, the pronunciation changes slightly to the open front vowel [a] position and is accompanied by end-of-sentence falling intonation. 当从句并排在一起时,此标记有连接词的效用,或者是用于衔接呼吸群;这些呼吸群之间的标记经常出现于从句的边界,但也不尽是这样。 当此标记衔接两个从句时,它的发音倾向于‘近开启前元音 [æ], 伴随着仰扬的声调。当此标记出现于一个句子的结尾时,其发音略略变为‘开启前元音’[a] 的方位,而伴随着句尾下降的声调。For a more detailed analysis of this particle please see: YAO'AN LOLO GRAMMAR SKETCH By Judith Thomas Merrifield.a ʔa³³
aba ʔa³³pa³³n.(名)bread面包/miànbāo/ Ama ngo leil aba bei zol goxr a.妈妈给我做过面包吃。Mom has made and fed me bread.pir
aba ʔa³³pa³³
abadeil ʔa³³pa³³-te⁵⁵n.(名)rice squares饵块/ěrkuài/ Abadeil bei a mel, almeixrniaxr sser a bei a, hanol zzorci.做饵块,用糯米做,比较好吃。When making rice squares, if the glutinous rice is used to make it, it is quite delicious.taexabadeil ʔa³³pa³³-te⁵⁵
acae ʔa³³tsʰæ³³n.(名)wok炒菜锅/chǎo cài guō/ Ngo var lu a mel, acae sser.我炒菜是用,炒菜锅When I stir-fry vegetables, (I) use a wok.Large woks and small woks can be distinguished with the large woks being called /acaemo/ and the smaller woks being called /acaessor/.大锅(/acaemo/),小锅(/acaessor/)以如此字尾来区分。peixlCompare另见acaemoacaessorcae
acae ʔa³³tsʰæ³³
acaemo ʔa³³tsʰɛ³³mo³³n.(名)wok (large wok used when feeding large groups of people or for preparing food for the farm animals)炒菜锅(大的)/chǎo cài guō/ Veixr seixl a mel, veixr taxl a, acaemo gga ajjix le nia.杀猪烫猪要在大的炒菜锅里烧水。When killing a pig, the scalding water (used to loosen the hair on the skin so it can be scraped off) is heated in the large wok (called "acaemo").peixlCompare另见acaeacaemo ʔa³³tsʰɛ³³mo³³
acaessor ʔa³³tsʰɛ³³zo²¹n.(名)wok (normal-size wok used for daily cooking)炒菜锅(小的)/chǎo cài guō/ Ngua mermi var lu a mel, acaessor gga var lu.Where we are from, when we fry vegetables it is done in the (small) wok (called the "acaessor").peixlCompare另见acaeacaessor ʔa³³tsʰɛ³³zo²¹
acixl ʔa³³tsʰɿ̠⁶⁶n.(名)goat山羊/shānyáng/ Ni eilni acixl loxl loxl ssi?你今天去不去放羊?Are you taking the goats out to graze today? Acixl cuxgexdaex ddei deil teixl lei a, adoxl gga arcixl cu a, zzibbaer gga ji a, zu dda cexr.羊角敲下来后, 在火上烧烤一下, 放在酒里可以煮来喝(成羊角酒)。Knock the goat horns off, roast them a while in the fire, put into the liquor to boil/simmer (to make the goat horn liquor).ddeiCompare另见acixlbolacixlloxlsuacixlmodoacixlnolmaracixlssor
acixl ʔa³³tsʰɿ̠⁶⁶
acixlbol ʔa³³tsʰɿ̠⁶⁶-po⁵⁵n.(名)billy goat; male goat公山羊/gōng shānyáng/ Acixlbol mel bir yabol leil loxl sol .公山羊比公绵羊难放。A male goat is harder to take out to graze (more mischievous) than a male sheep.ddeiCompare另见acixlacixlloxlsuacixlmodoacixlnolmaracixlssoracixlbol ʔa³³tsʰɿ̠⁶⁶-po⁵⁵
acixlloxlsu ʔa³³tsʰɿ̠⁶⁶-ɮo̠⁶⁶-sʮ³³n.(名)shepherd of goats放山羊的/fàng shānyáng de/ Yar mel acixlloxlsu; ngo nael niurloxlsu.她是放山羊的;我是放牛的。S/he is a shepherd of goats; I am a herdsman.ddeiCompare另见acixlacixlbolacixlmodoacixlnolmaracixlssorzzeirloxlsuacixlloxlsi ʔa³³tsʰɿ̠⁶⁶-ɮo̠⁶⁶-sɿ³³
acixlmodo ʔa³³tsʰɿ̠⁶⁶-mo³³to³³n.(名)nanny goat母山羊/mǔ shānyáng/ Acixlmodo hal ddei acixlssor ar ddei cer niaxiar dae a.那个母山羊想要下小山羊了。That nanny goat is about to give birth to a kid.ddeiCompare另见acixlacixlbolacixlloxlsuacixlnolmaracixlssoraniuxmodo-modoniurmodoveixrmodoyixmodoacixlmodo ʔa³³tsʰɿ̠⁶⁶-mo³³to³³
acixlnolmar ʔa³³tsʰɿ̠⁶⁶-no⁵⁵ma²¹n.(名)billy goat; male goat公山羊/gōng shānyáng/ Acixlnolmar mel zzidu meixr.公山羊喜欢斗。Male goats like to butt each other.The /acixlnolmar/ is a large strong male goat. The /acixlbol/ is just the general term for 'male goat'.ddeiCompare另见acixlacixlbolacixlloxlsuacixlmodoacixlssoracixlnolmarʔa³³tsʰɿ̠⁶⁶-no⁵⁵ma²¹
acixlssor ʔa³³tsʰɿ̠⁶⁶ zo²¹n.(名)baby goat; kid小山羊/xiǎo shānyáng/ Acixlssor eil ddox ye seir a, yar leil ake ge ji dae.这个小山羊还小,把它关在家里。This kid is still small, it is confined in a building.ddeiCompare另见acixlacixlbolacixlloxlsuacixlmodoacixlnolmar-ssoracixlssor ʔa³³tsʰɿ̠⁶⁶ zo²¹
adallal ʔa³³ta⁵⁵ɮa⁵⁵adj.(形)small; young小的时候/xiǎo de shíhou/ Ngo adallal tor, sul ho zza ho miar mu; yarzi sulku.我小的时候,一边学习一边干活,很辛苦。When I was small, while studying (I) worked; (I) was very busy.This is talking about childhood, not young adulthood or small in size.这是指幼年时期而不是青年时期。adaellael ʔa³³tæ⁵⁵ɮæ⁵⁵
adaxl ʔa³³ta̠⁶⁶n.(名)older sister姐姐/jiějie/ Ngo, ngo nimar leil nr koxl vaer a, yar ngo leil "adaxl" ae.我比我弟弟大两岁,他叫我“姐姐”。I am two years older than my younger brother, (so) he calls me "older sister".ddeiadaxl ʔa³³ta̠⁶⁶
adaxlbbaex ʔa³³ta⁵⁵-bæ̠⁴⁴n.(名)third oldest older sister三姐/sān jiě/1. adaxlbbaex ~ adaxlbbaexbbaexThere are five levels for the term 'older sister'. If a person actually has five older sisters, the older sister that is closest to him/her in age is: /adaxl(yel)ye/; the next one or second one going up in age is: /adaxl(qie)qie/; the third one going up in age is: /adaxl(bbaex)bbaex/; the fourth one going up in age is: /adaxl(leix)leix/; the fifth one going up in age, i.e. the oldest sister is: /adaxl(vaer)vaer/.ddeiCompare另见adaxlbbaexbbaexadaxlleixadaxlqieadaxlvaeradaxlyeadaxlbbaex ʔa³³ta⁵⁵-bæ̠⁴⁴
adaxlbbaexbbaex ʔa³³ta⁵⁵-bæ̠⁴⁴-bæ̠⁴⁴n.(名)third oldest older sister三姐/sān jiě/Compare另见adaxlbbaexadaxlbbaex ʔa³³ta⁵⁵-bæ̠⁴⁴
adaxlleix ʔa³³ta⁵⁵-ɮe̠⁴⁴n.(名)second oldest older sister二姐/èr jiě/1. adaxlleix ~ adaxlleixleixThere are five levels for the term 'older sister'. If a person actually has five older sisters, the older sister that is closest to him/her in age is: /adaxl(yel)ye/; the next one or second one going up in age is: /adaxl(qie)qie/; the third one going up in age is: /adaxl(bbaex)bbaex/; the fourth one going up in age is: /adaxl(leix)leix/; the fifth one going up in age, i.e. the oldest sister is: /adaxl(vaer)vaer/.ddeiCompare另见adaxlbbaexadaxlleixleixadaxlqieadaxlvaeradaxlyeadaxlleix ʔa³³ta⁵⁵-ɮe̠⁴⁴
adaxlleixleix ʔa³³ta⁵⁵-ɮe̠⁴⁴-ɮe̠⁴⁴n.(名)second oldest older sister二姐/èr jiě/Compare另见adaxlleixadaxlleix ʔa³³ta⁵⁵-ɮe̠⁴⁴
adaxlqie ʔa³³ta⁵⁵-tʃʰʲɛ³³n.(名)fourth oldest older sister四姐/sì jiě/1. adalqie ~ adaxlqieqieThere are five levels for the term 'older sister'. If a person actually has five older sisters, the older sister that is closest to him/her in age is: /adaxl(yel)ye/; the next one or second one going up in age is: /adaxl(qie)qie/; the third one going up in age is: /adaxl(bbaex)bbaex/; the fourth one going up in age is: /adaxl(leix)leix/; the fifth one going up in age, i.e. the oldest sister is: /adaxl(vaer)vaer/.ddeiCompare另见adaxlbbaexadaxlleixadaxlqieqieadaxlvaeradaxlyeadaxlqie ʔa³³ta⁵⁵-tʃʰʲɛ³³
adaxlqieqie ʔa³³ta⁵⁵-tʃʰʲɛ³³-tʃʰʲɛ³³n.(名)fourth oldest older sister四姐/sì jiě/Compare另见adaxlqieadaxlqie ʔa³³ta⁵⁵-tʃʰʲɛ³³
adaxlvaer ʔa³³ta⁵⁵-væ²¹n.(名)oldest older sister大姐/dà jiě/1. adalvaer ~ adaxlvaervaerThere are five levels for the term 'older sister'. If a person actually has five older sisters, the older sister that is closest to him/her in age is: /adaxl(yel)ye/; the next one or second one going up in age is: /adaxl(qie)qie/; the third one going up in age is: /adaxl(bbaex)bbaex/; the fourth one going up in age is: /adaxl(leix)leix/; the fifth one going up in age, i.e. the oldest sister is: /adaxl(vaer)vaer/.ddeiCompare另见adaxlbbaexadaxlleixadaxlqieadaxlvaervaeradaxlyeadaxlvaer ʔa³³ta⁵⁵-væ²¹
adaxlvaervaer ʔa³³ta⁵⁵-væ²¹-væ²¹n.(名)oldest older sister大姐/dà jiě/Compare另见adaxlvaeradaxlvaer ʔa³³ta⁵⁵-væ²¹
adaxlye ʔa³³ta⁵⁵-yɛ³³n.(名)fifth oldest older sister; youngest of the older sisters五姐/wǔ jiě/1. Reduplication for this form i.e. /adaxlyelye/, is not common.There are five levels for the term 'older sister'. If a person actually has five older sisters, the older sister that is closest to him/her in age is: /adaxl(yel)ye/; the next one or second one going up in age is: /adaxl(qie)qie/; the third one going up in age is: /adaxl(bbaex)bbaex/; the fourth one going up in age is: /adaxl(leix)leix/; the fifth one going up in age, i.e. the oldest sister is: /adaxl(vaer)vaer/.ddeiCompare另见adaxlbbaexadaxlleixadaxlqieadaxlvaeradaxlya ʔa³³ta⁵⁵-ya³³
adoxl ʔa³³to̠⁶⁶n.(名)fire/huǒ/ Zzaexpor mel sil xi hal giex leil adoxl dexl ssi a.小偷们放火去烧那个草房。(The) thieves went to set that grass house on fire.This example sentence comes from a traditinal story.bbeixr, ze, baexCompare另见adoxlbbeixradoxlgieadoxllaradoxlleadoxlzeadoxl zzaexrdduadoxl ʔa³³to̠⁶⁶
adoxlbbeixr ʔa³³to̠⁶⁶-be̠ʔ²¹n.(名)fire pit火塘/huǒtáng/ Wordabbor almeixr bei lel ssi a mel, adoxlbbeixr ar ddei giexl nia.去山上做饭吃,要先挖一个火塘。When making food to eat while on the mountain, a fire pit must be dug (for a) fire.adoxlbbeixr ~ adoxlbbeixddeiCompare另见adoxlbbeixradoxlbbeixr ʔa³³to̠⁶⁶-be̠ʔ²¹