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-cvt /tsət⁵⁵/ dem 指示代 such (an extent) 多么（程度） | （四乡）yasvt vli lungdeung such a heavy rock 这么重的石头 | （四乡）ya dvngsvt tei lungdeung such a large rock 这么大的石头 | dvngcvt? About how many? 大概多少？ | (Fourth Township) -svt /sət⁵⁵/

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-gang /gɑŋ⁵³/ n 名 large and broad 大的 | lunggang large stone 大石头 | shvmgang broad knife 大刀

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-kuang /kʷɑŋ⁵³/ n 名 place (where a particular activity takes place) 处（专门来做谋事的地方） | neneq sa kuang place for pooping 大便的地方 | kamkuang place for harvesting bamboo 收割竹子的地方

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-maq /mɑʔ⁵⁵/ n 名 plural (for animate beings) 们（复数，众生）；群 | vngningmaq they 他们 | shosingmaq students 学生们

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-ra /rɑ⁵³/ n 名 plural (+) for moveable things (humans, animals) 群 | vchitra flock of sheep 羊群 |

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-sheu₁ /ɕɯ³¹/ v 动 : Agreement first- and second- person dual 第一、第二人称双数 | tvng nvwasheu? What are you two doing? （你俩）在做什么？ | vne gyoq jvlsheu. The two of us are washing clothes. 我俩在洗衣服.

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-shin /ɕin³¹/ v 动 : Agreement first- and second-person dual optative 第一、第二人称双数愿望态 | ewa mvnwashin. Don't do that, you two. 你们俩，不要这样作. | -sheu+-neu

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*ci /tsi⁵³/ n 名 1grandmother (maternal or paternal) 奶奶；外婆 2great-aunt 姨祖母；姑祖母

nvci n 名 (your) grandmother; great-aunt （你/你们的）奶奶；外婆；姨祖母；姑祖母

vci n 名 (my/our) grandmother; great-aunt （我/我们的）奶奶；外婆；姨祖母；姑祖母

vngci n 名 (his/her/their) grandmother; great-aunt （他/她/他们的）奶奶；（他/她/他们的）外婆；（他/她/他们的）姨祖母；（他/她/他们的）姑祖母

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*kang /kɑŋ⁵³/ n 名 1grandfather (maternal or paternal) 爷爷；外公 2great-uncle 舅祖父；从祖父 3master 师傅

kangkang n 名 grandpa 爷爷

nvkang n 名 (your) grandfather; great-uncle （你/你们的）爷爷；外公；舅祖父；从祖父

vkang₁ n 名 (my/our) grandfather （我/我们的）爷爷；外公；舅祖父；从祖父

vngkang n 名 (his/her/their) grandfather; great-uncle （他/她/他们的）爷爷；外公；舅祖父；从祖父

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*keu /kɯ⁵³/ n 名 1maternal uncle 舅舅 2uncle (husband of paternal aunt) 姑丈 3father-in-law 岳父

nvkeu n 名 (your) maternal uncle; uncle (husband of paternal aunt); father-in-law （你/你们的）舅舅；姑丈；岳父

vkeu n 名 (my/our) maternal uncle; uncle (husband of paternal aunt); father-in-law （我/我们的）舅舅；姑丈；岳父

vngkeu n 名 (his/her/their) maternal uncle; uncle (husband of paternal aunt); father-in-law （他/她/他们的）舅舅；姑丈；岳父

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*kop /kɔp⁵⁵/ n 名 1great-grandparent 曾祖父母 2great-grand-uncle or aunt 曾祖父母的兄弟姐妹

nvkop n 名 (your) great-grandparent; great-grand-uncle or aunt （你/你们的）曾祖父母；曾祖父母的兄弟姐妹

vkop₁ n 名 (my/our) great-grandparent; great-grand-uncle or aunt （我/我们的）曾祖父母；曾祖父母的兄弟姐妹

vngkop n 名 (his/her/their) great-grandparent; great-grand-uncle or aunt （他/她/他们的）曾祖父母；曾祖父母的兄弟姐妹

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*pi /pi⁵³/ n 名 1grandmother 奶奶 2great-aunt 姨祖母；姑祖母 | Lisu loanword. 傈僳语借词.

nvpi₁ n 名 (your) grandmother; great-aunt （你/你们的）奶奶；姨祖母；姑祖母

vngpi n 名 (his/her/their) grandmother; great-aunt （他/她/他们的）奶奶；姨祖母；姑祖母

vpi n 名 (my/our) grandmother; great-aunt （我/我们的）奶奶；姨祖母；姑祖母

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*wvng /wəŋ⁵³/ n 名 1paternal uncle 伯伯；叔叔 2husband of maternal aunt 姨丈

nvwvng n 名 (your) paternal uncle; uncle (husband of maternal aunt) （你/你们的）伯伯；叔叔；姨丈

vngwvng n 名 (his/her/their) paternal uncle; uncle (husband of maternal aunt) （他/她/他们的）伯伯；叔叔；姨丈

vwvng₁ n 名 (my/our) paternal uncle; uncle (husband of maternal aunt); older man （我/我们的）伯伯；叔叔；姨丈

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an /ɑn⁵⁵/ vt 及物动 pick 采 | vng waqza an di. She's going to pick [plants for] pig feed. 她去采猪食了.

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baisan /bɑi³¹sɑn⁵⁵/ n 名 type of hunting trap 一种扣子 | Involves a sweetened acorn dangling from a string attached to a tree branch, used for catching small creatures. 用从树枝上绳线叼着的甜橡子来捕捉小动物.

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ban /bɑn⁵⁵/ n 名 bucket; basin; plate; dish 盆子

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Ban /bɑn⁵⁵/ top 地名 Ban village (Kelaolong River valley) 班（克劳洛河谷村名）

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banda /bɑn³¹dɑ⁵⁵/ n 名 barnyard millet 鸡爪谷；稗子 | Other types are zai, zvtan. 其他种类包括 zai, zvtan.

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bang /bɑŋ⁵⁵/ vi 不及物动 be light-colored; faded; washed out 浅色 | bang wa pvsai pink 粉红色 | ko gyoq bangbang kya hreq vkon. That piece of clothing has already faded to a light color. 那件衣服已经褪色成浅褐色了.

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banggu /bɑŋ³¹gu⁵⁵/ n 名 1shadow 影子 2soul 灵魂 | (First Township) manggu /mɑŋ³¹gu⁵⁵/

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bangkop /bɑk⁵⁵kɔp⁵⁵/ n 名 rattan threads, coated in lacquer, formerly worn tightly over the calf by men (in the southern part of the valley) 脚镯

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banyi /bɑ³¹ɲi⁵⁵/ n 名 steamer (for cooking food, made of bamboo) 蒸器 | banyi mi vngza puq. Use the steamer to steam the rice. 用蒸子蒸饭. | Lisu loanword. 傈僳借词.

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beu kvlang /bɯ⁵³ kə³¹lɑŋ⁵⁵/ n 名 type of very small, glossy, black snake, sometimes poisonous 一种光滑，细小的蛇

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beu tvlang /bɯ⁵³ tə³¹lɑŋ⁵⁵/ n 名 tiny, non-poisonous snake 蛇

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beu₂ /bɯ³¹/ prt 助词 go (andative deictic, from speaker's point of reference) 去（动作向外，说话人所处位置） | na pvdi beu. You go ahead. 你去吧. | nga ding beung ning. I'm going. 我去吧. | singho sot sot gym taq laqvpoq beu. It will make life better and better. （这会）让生活变得更美好.

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beugang /bɯ³¹gɑŋ⁵³/ n 名 big snake 大蛇

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beum₁ /bɯm⁵³/ v 动 1be many 多 | ka mvnbeum neu. Don't talk so much. 话不要多. 2more | gya chuq beum. A little more here. 这多了一点.

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beumbeum /bɯm⁵⁵bɯm⁵⁵/ quant 数量 very many 许多 | （四乡）shinggeung do pvchiq beumbeum rong. There are lots of birds on this tree here. 树上有许多鸟. | (First Township) beubeu /bɯ⁵⁵bɯ⁵⁵/

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bi /bi⁵³/ v 动 1give 给 | gya pvbing rang. Give me that. 把这个给我吧. | gya neu vpei mi nvbing svra e. This is the gift my father gave me. 这是爸爸送给我的礼物. | （一乡）na le zeung ning. I am giving it to you. 我给你. 2offer 提供 3marry (a man) 嫁（女） | (First Township) zi /zi⁵⁵/

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Bingdvm /biŋ³¹dəm⁵⁵/ 1top 地名 Bingdam (Third Township village) 丙当（三乡村名） 2nprop 专有名 Bingdam clan 丙当家族

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blang /blɑŋ⁵³/ vi 不及物动 1crawl; creep 爬行 2forage (of animals) （动物）觅食 | vmra do kaq blang ra. In the field there are chickens scrounging around. 地里有鸡在觅食. 3breed (of animals) （动物）放养

svblang vt 及物动 put out to pasture 使觅食

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blvng /bləŋ⁵³/ nclf 名量 instrument (object with handle) （一）把 | shvm ti blvng one knife 一把刀

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bolei /bɔ³¹ləi⁵⁵/ n 名 wooden plane 刨子

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bongbong /bɔŋ⁵⁵bɔŋ⁵⁵/ vi 不及物动 be pale; wan 苍白 | ko gyomeira za mi mvr bongbong kya. That old man's face is wan from illness. 那个老人因病脸色很苍白. |

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boq₃ /bɔʔ⁵⁵/ adv 副 near at hand 附近；旁边（挨近身体处） | kyeum boq do seum beumbeum kat. There are lot of peach trees planted near the house. 房子旁边种了很多桃树. | boq kei | Fourth Township. 四乡话.

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bot /bɔt⁵⁵/ vi 不及物动 expand (in volume); inflate （体积）增大；膨胀 | gyaq ngang shaaq mvnvng bot tvcha e. After soaking in water, this thing is going to expand. 这个被水湿了以后会膨胀.

svbot vt 及物动 cause to expand; increase; exaggerate 使膨胀；增多；夸大

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brang /brɑŋ⁵³/ v 动 split off; split up; separate 分别；分手 | gya do vbraang neu. Let's split up here. 我们在这里分手吧.

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bvlei /bə³¹ləi⁵⁵/ n 名 type of plant, used as pig feed and human food 一种植物，猪食，人也可以吃 | （一乡）bvlei vcvng sheu kei nyi, waq le sheu zi nyi. bv³¹lvi⁵⁵ is edible for humans and can be fed to pigs. 这种植物可以人食，也可以喂猪.

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bvneu /bə³¹nɯ⁵⁵/ n 名 type of thorny plant with seeded wild fruit, very red when ripe 一种刺梅（红红的）

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bvngkang /bək⁵⁵kɑŋ⁵³/ n 名 type of caterpillar (white body, red head, lives undeground, likes to eat potatoes) 一种虫子（白色，红头，住在地下，喜欢吃土豆）

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Bvngpot /bək⁵⁵pɔt⁵⁵/ top 地名 Bangpot (Bapo) village 巴坡（四乡村名）

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bvni bvna /bə³¹ni⁵⁵ bə³¹nɑ⁵⁵/ n 名 domestic animals 家禽家畜

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byan /bʲɑn⁵⁵/ vi 不及物动 1melt (slowly, of something solid) （慢慢）融化 2dissolve (slowly) （慢慢）融解 | kua byan pvngwa. The sugar is going to dissolve. 糖要融化了.

svbyan vt 及物动 make melt or dissolve slowly 使融化

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cangma /tsɑŋ³¹mɑ⁵⁵/ vi 不及物动 1be clean 干净 | cangma mvkya dirty 脏 | vngza cangma pvwa. Clean the food a little. 粮食要弄干净点. 2be pure 纯 | (First Township) chvngma /tɕəŋ³¹mɑ⁵⁵/

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ce /tsɛ⁵⁵/ n 名 life span 寿命 | | ce larong May you have a long life. 祝你长寿. | (First Township) ci /tsi⁵⁵/

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ceumceum /tsɯm⁵³tsɯm⁵³/ adv 副 1well-behaved (of children) 规规矩矩的 | na ceumceum pvrong. You sit and be well-behaved. 你规规矩矩地坐着. 2honestly and sincerely 老老实实地

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cha'rap /tɕɑ³¹rɑp⁵⁵/ adv 副 ancient times 古代；古时候

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chakang /tɕɑ³¹kɑŋ⁵⁵/ n 名 mug; cup 茶缸；口缸；杯子 | Chinese loanword. 汉语借词.

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chan /tɕɑn⁵³/ vt 及物动 stretch; extend (thread) 伸展（线）

chansheu vi 不及物动 straighten oneself; grow 伸腰；增长

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chansheu /tɕɑt⁵⁵ɕɯ³¹/ vi 不及物动 1stretch oneself (of people, animals); lean forward 伸腰；探身 | vnggeu chansheu stretch one's body 身伸腰 2grow; creep (of plants, vines) 增长（植物、瓜藤） > chan

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cheu'plang /tɕɯ³¹plɑŋ⁵⁵/ n 名 spirit takes that possession of shamans or those in an alcoholic frenzy (also called u'plang) 一种神灵（着魔巫师，发酒风的人） | (Fourth Township) chi'plang /tɕi³¹plɑŋ⁵⁵/

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chi'klung /tɕi³¹kluŋ⁵⁵/ n 名 bamboo cane used in divination 占卜拐杖

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chi'klung mon /tɕi³¹kluŋ⁵⁵ mɔn⁵⁵/ n 名 cane divination 拐卜

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Chidvm /tɕi³¹dəm⁵⁵/ top 地名 Jindang (Second Township village) 金当（二乡村名）

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chilang dvnggu /tɕi³¹lɑŋ⁵⁵ dəŋ³¹gu⁵⁵/ n 名 type of bird 一种鸟

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chiq₂ /tɕiʔ⁵⁵/ v 动 1pinch 掐 | aang nvchiq rang. He's pinching me. 他掐我. 2wash (hands) 洗（手） | ur pvchiqsheu. Wash your hands a bit. 洗一下手吧. 3suckle (at a breast) 吃（奶） | nung chiq suckle at a breast 吃奶 | (First Township) cheuq /tɕɯʔ⁵⁵/

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chit /tɕit⁵⁵/ v 动 1blame (someone) 怪（别人） | nga le mvnchitsheu neu. Don't blame me. 你们俩别怪我. 2be angry at 气 3make angry 使生气

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chitang /tɕi³¹tɑŋ⁵⁵/ n 名 type of wild fowl 一种野鸡

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chul /tɕul⁵⁵/ n 名 1Chinese mahogany tree (Cedrela chinensis) 椿树 2camphor tree 樟树 Cinnamonum camphara | (Fourth Township) chun /tɕun⁵⁵/

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chv'lam /tɕə³¹lɑm⁵⁵/ n 名 irrigation canal 水渠（人做的） | ngang chv'lam

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chvkang pung /tɕə³¹kɑŋ⁵³ puŋ⁵⁵/ n 名 type of spider (which spins big round webs) 一种蜘蛛（织圆形网）

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chvnggyan /tɕəŋ³¹ɟɑn⁵³/ n 名 lower back; small of the back 后腰 | (Fourth Township) dvmching /dəp⁵⁵tɕiŋ⁵³/

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chvngma /tɕəŋ³¹mɑ⁵⁵/ n 名 type of plant, with sour seeds, used to make a tofu-like food 一种籽酸，可做豆腐的植物

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Chvngnai /tɕəŋ³¹nɑi⁵⁵/ nprop 专有名 Changnai clan (in Burma) 家族名（在缅甸境内）

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chvningwang /tɕə³¹niŋ⁵⁵wɑŋ⁵³/ n 名 last year 去年 | (First Township) chvneungwang /tɕə³¹nɯŋ⁵⁵wɑŋ⁵³/

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chvpanchvl /tɕə³¹pɑt⁵⁵tɕəl⁵³/ n 名 illegitimate child 私生子 | (First Township) pattoq /pɑt⁵⁵tɔʔ⁵⁵/

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cungba /tsuŋ³¹bɑ⁵⁵/ n 名 merchant 生意人 | Tibetan loanword. 藏语借词.

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cvngjoq lunggang /tsəŋ³¹ʑɔʔ⁵⁵ luŋ³¹gɑŋ⁵³/ n 名 a mythological stone slab where god made men 神话传说中天帝造人的石板

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cvwaq /tsə³¹wɑʔ⁵⁵/ n 名 sand 沙子 | cvwaq mvdvm do vgvl play on the sand 在沙滩上玩耍 | (Fourth Township) vpi /ə³¹pi⁵⁵/

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dalsheu₁ /dɑl⁵⁵ɕɯ³¹/ v 动 stand (leaning) （斜靠着）站 | vya do mvndalsheu neu. Don't stand leaning there. 别站在那儿.

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dang₁ /dɑŋ⁵³/ vt 及物动 1lean (an object) 靠 | gya ko do pvdangsheu. Lean this over there. 把这个靠在那儿. 2rely; depend 依靠；依赖 3do for; do in the name of 以...名义 | nga vpei dang wei svlvpsheu. I study for my dad. 我为爸爸读书. | nga na dang wei kvsvnshing. I am proud of him. 我为你骄傲.

dangsheu vi 不及物动 lean 倚靠

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dang₂ /dɑŋ⁵⁵/ n 名 steep slope 陡坡

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dangsheu /dɑk⁵⁵ɕɯ³¹/ vi 不及物动 rest against; lean on (of a person) 倚靠 | vya do mvndangsheu neu. Don't lean there. 别靠在那儿. > dang₁

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dar₁ /dɑr⁵³/ n 名 riverbank （江、河）岸 | neup dar west bank (of a river) 西岸

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deu mvda /dɯ⁵³ mə³¹dɑ⁵⁵/ 1be surprised (unexpectedly, suddenly) 惊讶 | deu mamvda? Are you surprised? 你惊讶吗？ 2seem strange 奇怪 3be confused 不知道是怎么回事

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deun /dɯn⁵⁵/ vt 及物动 1use to pen (animals) 以...围起来 2spring (a trap or tool for catching animals) 下（捕捉猎物的工具）

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deup /dɯp⁵⁵/ v 动 1bang; hit 碰撞 | （一乡）vng te nya'vdeup rang. He banged into me. 他撞了我. 2dash; smash 摔；砸 | lung le pa'vdeupsheu. Smash it on the stone. （把它）摔到石头上.

vdeupsheu v 动 bump into; collide 撞；碰撞

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di₂ /di³¹/ prt 助词 1go (andative deictic marker from any point of reference, often the speaker) 去（动作向外，可能是说话人正处的位置，兼表亲见意义） | vng shing ri le dii di. (I saw that) he went to carry firewood. （我看见）他去背柴了. | nga sheng le ding di wa geuq kleup e. Someone said I went to the county capital, but he was lying. （某人说）我去县城了，是谎话. 2immediate past perfective (visual evidential) 完成体（刚刚完成，兼表亲见意义） | ngang vsu di. The water is boiled. 水（烧）开了. | In both senses, typically not used with a first-person agent, unless reporting someone else's statement about the speaker. Speaker is directly reporting a witnessed event. 一般不用于第一人称做施事，除非表示说话人转述他人的话. 动作的发生是说话人亲眼目睹的. | (First Township) gyi /ɟi³¹/

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dokshang /dɔk⁵⁵ɕɑŋ⁵³/ n 名 type of taro (with long tuber) 一种芋头(块茎较长)

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don₂ /dɔn⁵⁵/ v 动 stand (a ladder) 搭（梯子）

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dopma /dɔp⁵⁵mɑ⁵⁵/ n 名 woman who practices voodoo poisoning 做放蛊的女人 | Lisu loanword. 傈僳语借词.

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doppa /dɔp⁵⁵pɑ⁵⁵/ n 名 man who practices voodoo poisoning 做放蛊的男人 | Lisu loanword. 傈僳语借词.

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dor₃ /dɔr⁵³/ vclf 动量 time (instance) 次

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dor₄ /dɔr⁵³/, /dɔr⁵³/ 1n 名 bamboo pole; rod 竹竿 | shvnju dor / shvnju dang fishing rod 鱼竿 2vi 不及物动 have an erection 勃起

svdor vt 及物动 cause an erection 使勃起

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dungma /duŋ³¹mɑ⁵⁵/ n 名 largest of the ritual banners, traditionally used during the Kralchang festival 幡（卡雀哇节使用） | Ritual expression la dungma means "the highest summit of a mountain". la dungma 意味着“最高峰”.

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dvbang /də³¹bɑŋ⁵⁵/ adv 副 too; really 太；不怎么 | vhrei ding be, dvbang di mvkyang. We won't get there by walking. 走路的话，走不起. | dvbang mvtei. It's not very big. 不是很大. | Often used with negative. 常常用于否定句.

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dvbrvt /də³¹brət⁵⁵/ v 动 annihilate; put an end to 消灭 > brvt₂

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dvbu₁ /də³¹bu⁵⁵/ n 名 bandit 强盗

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dvgang /də³¹gɑŋ⁵⁵/ v 动 1fry 烤 | pvleq padvgaang. Fry the bread a little bit. 把粑粑烤一下. 2dry by fire 烤干

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dvgeung /də³¹gɯŋ⁵³/ 1vi 不及物动 be willing 愿意 2v 动 want 想（做、说） | nga wa madvgeung. I don't want to do it. 我不想做. 3v 动 consent (to certain conditions) 答案（条件）

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dvgong₂ /də³¹gɔŋ⁵³/ n 名 1fang 犬齿 2animal tusk 獠牙

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dvgrang /də³¹grɑŋ⁵³/ vi 不及物动 1be beautiful 漂亮；美丽 | vng tvtei dvgrang. She's very beautiful. 她很漂亮. 2be attractive 好看

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dvgu /də³¹gu⁵⁵/ n 名 single-plank bridge (over river rapids or across a cliff) 独木桥（悬崖峭壁上、激流上） | (Fourth Township) mvgu /mə³¹gu⁵⁵/

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dvguan /də³¹gʷɑn⁵⁵/ conn 连 and; with 和；跟 | nit dvguan neu wen vcvng beum. Cigarettes and alcohol are the most popular products. 烟和酒人买的比较多. | pvli dvguan two grandchildren 两个孙子 | Nvng dvguan Nang and her partner [Pung] 女的老大跟男的老大 | Joins two people or two items, only one of which has to be stated explicitly. Cannot include the speaker. 连接两个人或两个项目，其中只有一个要明确规定. 不能包括说话者.

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dvgyan /də³¹ɟɑn⁵³/ v 动 climb; clamber 攀缘

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dvgyeuqsheu /də³¹ɟɯʔ⁵⁵ɕɯ³¹/ vi 不及物动 moan 感叹 | tvkya nadvgyeuqsheu? Why are you moaning that way? 你为什么感叹？

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Dvjeuwang /də³¹ʑɯ⁵⁵wɑŋ⁵³/ top 地名 Dajeu river 河流名

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Dvlan /də³¹lɑn⁵⁵/ top 地名 Dalan (Second Township village) 迪兰（二乡村名）

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Dvlandvm /də³¹lɑn⁵⁵dəm⁵⁵/ top 地名 1Dalandam (Fourth Township village) 迪兰当（四乡村名） 2Dalandam clan 迪兰当家族

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dvleq /də³¹lɛʔ⁵⁵/ n 名 infant; baby 婴儿；娃娃 | Less common than nagoq, somestimes referring only to newborns. 没有 nagoq 常用，尤其是新生婴儿.

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Dvlvmmei /də³¹ləm⁵⁵məi⁵³/ 1top 地名 Dalammei (Second Township village) 迪拉梅（二乡村名） 2nprop 专有名 Dalammei clan 迪拉梅家族

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dvma /də³¹mɑ⁵⁵/ n 名 betrothed young woman (not yet married or moved in with her in-laws) （未过门的）媳妇 | dvma lu integrate a daughter-in-law into her in-laws' household 欢迎新媳妇进家庭

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dvnai /də³¹nɑi⁵³/ n 名 submontane river valley 山下河谷区 | dvnai le shom go down into the valley 下山

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dvnan /də³¹nɑn⁵³/ v 动 sound like movement or activity 有动静 | ko do tvng dvnan raq e? What's that sound of activity coming from over there? 那儿是什么在动？

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dvngbeum /dəm³¹bɯm⁵⁵/ quant 数量 how much; how much; how many 多少 | （一乡）na ngul dvngbeu vl? How much money do you have? 你有多少钱？ | （一乡）ngang dvngbeu rvnaq? How deep is the water? 水有多深？ | gya dvngbeum e? How much is this? 这是多少？ | (First Township) dvngbeu /dəŋ³¹bɯ⁵⁵/ | (Fourth Township) tabeum /tɑ³¹bɯm⁵⁵/

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dvnggang /dəŋ³¹gɑŋ⁵³/ n 名 1large, wide knife （面宽的）大刀 2sheath; scabbard 刀鞘

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dvnggu₂ /dəŋ³¹gu⁵³/ n 名 plank; board 木板 | dvnggu kyeum plank house (walls made of large wooden planks placed horizontally) 木板房

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galei /gɑ³¹ləi⁵³/ v 动 exchange 交换 | Fourth Township. 四乡话.

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Gam'lei /gɑm³¹ləi⁵³/ 1top 地名 Gamlei (Fourth Township Village) 嘎莫赖（四乡村名） 2nprop 专有名 Gamlei clan 嘎莫赖家族

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gan /gɑn⁵⁵/ 1v 动 step 迈（步子） | vng hrei ti gan gansheu. He took one step. 他迈了一步. 2nclf 名量 step （一）步

gansheu vi 不及物动 start walking 开始起步

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gang /gɑŋ⁵⁵/ v 动 1roast; warm in the sun 烤 | tvmi gang ra. The fire is too hot. 火太烤了. 2shine (of the sun) （太阳）照 | nvm bali gang di. The sun is shining again. 太阳又照（出来）了.

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gangnvm /gɑŋ³¹nəm⁵³/ n 名 1sunny day; clear day 晴天 2hot day 热天

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gangzar /gɑŋ³¹zɑr⁵⁵/ n 名 love handle; flank 侧腹

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gansheu /gɑt⁵⁵ɕɯ³¹/ vi 不及物动 start walking (of toddlers) 开始起步 | nagoq tvsa gansheu. The baby just started walking. 娃娃刚刚起步. > gan

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geu₁ /gɯ⁵⁵/ v 动 want 要 | nga mvgeung. I don't want it. 我不要.

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geu₂ /gɯ⁵⁵/ nclf 名量 animal （一）只（动物）；头；匹 | pvchiq ti gung one bird 一只鸟 | (Fourth Township) gung /guŋ⁵⁵/

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geuq /gɯʔ⁵⁵/ vt 及物动 1say; speak 说 | tvng nvgeuq pvngwa? What are you going to say? 你要说什么？ | geuq mazu speak wrongly 说错 2call over (people) 叫（人） | vngning chuq nvgeuq beu. Go call over them here for a minute. 去叫一下他们. 3call (of animals) 叫（动物） 4make a sound 响

svgeuq vt 及物动 make ring 使响

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geurhuap /gɯr³¹xʷɑp⁵⁵/ n 名 fan 扇子 | Literally "sweat fan". 直译“汗扇”.

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Gongmeq /gɔŋ³¹mɛʔ⁵⁵/ nprop 专有名 Gongme clan 家族名

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grang /grɑŋ⁵⁵/ vi 不及物动 1burn; scald 烫 2have a fever 发烧 | nagoq grang ra. The child has a fever. 孩子发烧了.

svgrang vt 及物动 warm up 加热

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grang'chv'grang /grɑŋ⁵⁵tɕə³¹grɑŋ⁵⁵/ adv 副 bristling; standing on end (of animal hair when an animal is angry) （动物如猪由于发怒）毛发竖立 | meul grang'chv'grang wa. The hair is standing on end. 毛发竖立起来.

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greumgyaq /grɯm³¹ɟɑʔ⁵⁵/ v 动 1argue 吵架 2scold; get angry; be bad-tempered 骂；发怒；脾气暴躁 | greumgyaq wa abuse or scold someone 斥责; 骂 | vng vcvng greumgyaq e. He's a person with a bad temper. 她是个脾气暴躁的人. | (Fourth Township) geumgyaq /gɯm³¹ɟɑʔ⁵⁵ /

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grvn'lv'grvn /grən⁵⁵lə³¹grən⁵⁵/ adv 副 dragging and pulling 拉拉扯扯 | （一乡）grvn'le'grvn tvng'la nyv'o? What are you doing with all this dragging and pulling? 拉拉扯扯搞什么?

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grvng₁ /grəŋ⁵⁵/ 1n 名 winnowing pan (household receptacle woven from bamboo, with large holes on all four sides and a small base) 一种竹编的四方形口较大，底较小的容器 2nclf 名量

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gu₁ /gu⁵⁵/ n 名 male (animal) 公的 | waq vnggu male pig 公猪 |

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guai /gʷɑi⁵⁵/ v 动 stop by one place (in order to go to another) （为了去一个地方）先去另一个

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gui₁ /gʷi⁵⁵/ vi 不及物动 wear (shoes or pants) 穿（鞋、裤）

svgui vt 及物动 put on (shoes, pants) 使穿（鞋，裤）

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gvlei /gə³¹ləi⁵³/ v 动 1alter 改 2change 换 | svra gvlai change something (for something else) 换东西 | gvleisheu change clothing 换衣服 | Fourth Township. 四乡话.

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gvlung /gə³¹luŋ⁵⁵/ v 动 1fuss with 折腾 | Pung chichi gvlung. Pung is fussing with the machine (trying to repair it). 阿普在折腾（修理）机器. 2wrangle with 闹腾 | dvgeui nvpching gvlung. The dog is wrangling with the door (because he wants to get out). 狗在闹门（要出去）.

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gvmotsheu /gə³¹mɔt⁵⁵ɕɯ³¹/ vi 不及物动 move back and forth 动来动去

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gvneun /gə³¹nɯn⁵⁵/ v 动 1tangle up (a ball of string) 弄乱（线团） 2teach (someone bad) a lesson （对坏人）教训 (Fourth Township. 四乡话.) 3work with (trying to fix) 摆弄（修理） (Fourth Township. 四乡话.)

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gvnvng /gə³¹nəŋ⁵⁵/ n 名 praying mantis 螳螂

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Gvre /Gə³¹rɛ⁵⁵/ n 名 God (Christian) （基督教）上帝

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Gya /ɟɑ⁵⁵/ nprop 专有名 Han Chinese ethnic group 汉族

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Gya mvli /ɟɑ⁵⁵ mə³¹li⁵³/ n 名 1interior (land) 内地 2Han Chinese territory 汉人住的地方

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Gya vcvng /ɟɑ⁵⁵ ə³¹tsəŋ⁵³/ nprop 专有名 Han Chinese people 汉人；汉族人

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Gyakvt /ɟɑ³¹kət⁵⁵/ nprop 专有名 Chinese language 汉语

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gyang /ɟɑŋ⁵⁵/ n 名 prosperity; wealth 幸运 | Similar to Tibetan "yang". 像藏语"yang".

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gyangblan /ɟɑŋ³¹blɑn⁵⁵/ n 名 ritual to embed prosperity in a house, performed on many different occasions (construction, funerals, the New Year), which includes tossing a bit of flour on the exterior and interior walls, and in the hearth area 繁荣仪式（建房，丧礼，新年的时候，把面粉撒在炉床里，内外墙上） | gyangblan wa

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gyangmu /ɟɑŋ³¹mu⁵⁵/ vi 不及物动 be prosperous (honorific) 幸福 | Feminine ending -mu is used with certain items in ritual language. 女性后缀用于仪式语言某些词.

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Gyangmu Kvwakarpu /ɟɑŋ³¹mu⁵⁵ kə³¹wɑ⁵³kɑr³¹pu⁵⁵/ top 地名 Great Kawagebo mountain (in the Gaoligong mountains near Gongshan) 卡瓦格博（贡山境内高黎贡山最高峰） Holy mountain where a brother and sister took refuge from an ancient flood, and from which mankind then spread out and the nations of the world emerged. 圣山，传说远古时洪水淹没大地以后，只有两兄妹在山顶幸免于难，后来婚配繁衍人类，形成世界上的各个民族. > Kvwakarpu

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Gyangmuglung /ɟɑŋ³¹mu⁵⁵gluŋ⁵³/ top 地名 Gyangmuglung 仰目谷陇 | Another name for Gyangmu Kvwakarpu. Gyangmu Kvwakarpu 的另一个名称.

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gyangten /ɟɑk⁵⁵tɛn⁵⁵/ n 名 chant and dance for conserving prosperity, performed during funerals 福舞（丧礼时） | Literally "holding the prosperity". 直译“拿福”.

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gyoqpel /ɟɔ³¹pɛl⁵⁵/ n 名 blanket; sheet 毯子 | Thinner than, and used below a gyoqbeuq. 比 gyoqbeuq 还薄，使用在下面. | (First Township) yopel /jɔ³¹pɛl⁵⁵/ | (Fourth Township) yopen /jɔ³¹pɛn⁵⁵/

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hrang /xrɑŋ⁵³/ v 动 1lift 举 | ngo le pvhraang. Lift it up. 往上举. 2raise (level) 提高 | (Fourth Township) hang /xɑŋ⁵³/

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hrap₁ /xrɑp⁵⁵/ vt 及物动 hang (objects) 搭 | gyoq tvngchon do pvhrapsheu. You two hang the clothing on the porch. （你俩）把衣服搭在走廊上.

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hreichiq /xrəi³¹tɕiʔ⁵⁵/ n 名 ankle (joint) 脚关节；脚踝 | (First Township) hreicheuq /xrɛi³¹tɕɯʔ⁵⁵/ | (Fourth Township) hichiq /xi³¹tɕiʔ⁵⁵/

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hreigan /xrəi³¹gɑn⁵⁵/ n 名 footstep 脚步

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hreimeq /xrəi³¹mɛʔ⁵⁵/ n 名 ankle (bony part) 脚踝（跗骨部位） | Literally "eye of the foot". 直译“脚眼.

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hreuq /xrɯʔ⁵⁵/ vi 不及物动 be thin; be lean 瘦 | na nvhreuq ra. You got thin. 你瘦了. | (Fourth Township) cheui /tɕɯi⁵⁵/

svhreuq vt 及物动 make emaciated 使瘦

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hrvng /xrəŋ⁵⁵/ nclf 名量 piece (of swidden land) （一）块（火山地，刀耕火种） | tabong mra ti hrvng one (swidden) corn field 一块玉米地理

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huap'lv'huap /xʷɑp⁵⁵lə³¹xʷɑp⁵⁵/ adv 副 pacing back and forth (stirring up the air) 人走来走去（产生的风尘） | （一乡）huap'le'huap mvwa vl, vngza vpeur. Don't keep moving back and forth, dust is falling in the food and getting it dirty. 不要动来动去，灰尘掉进饭里不干净.

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huapsheu /xʷɑp⁵⁵ɕɯ³¹/ vi 不及物动 fan oneself 扇动

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huaq /xʷɑʔ⁵⁵/ 1n 名 small section of land 块（地） | gya pe huaq uzu tvkoq gol. Let's dig this section of land first. 让我们先挖这一边吧. | 2nclf 名量 row (field) 行（地）

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ishing /i³¹ɕiŋ⁵⁵/ n 名 hemp plant 麻树 | (First Township) isheung /i³¹ɕɯŋ⁵⁵/

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jai /ʑɑi⁵³/ vi 不及物动 wash (clean) （洗）干净 | gyoq mvjai ra. The clothing has not been cleaned. 衣服没（洗）干净.

svjai vt 及物动 make clean (by washing) 洗净

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jaman /ʑɑ³¹mɑn⁵⁵/ n 名 bracelet 手镯 | (First Township) yaman /jɑ³¹mɑn⁵⁵/

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jan pvgya /ʑɑn⁵³ pə³¹ɟɑ⁵⁵/ n 名 spider web 蜘蛛网

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jan₁ /ʑɑn⁵³/ n 名 spider 蜘蛛

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jan₂ /ʑɑn⁵⁵/ v 动 be bearable 忍受得了 | pa zang mi mvjan. My stomach hurts so much I can't take it. 肚子疼得受不了拉.

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jang /ʑɑŋ⁵³/ nclf 名量 song, story, dance （一）首（歌、故事、跳舞） | mvnju ti jang one folksong 一首民歌

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jikyeum /ʑi³¹cɯm⁵³/ n 名 airplane 飞机

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jili mvjvl /ʑi³¹li⁵³ mə³¹ʑəl⁵³/ n 名 savage female clan 野人氏族

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joq /ʑɔʔ⁵⁵/ 1vi 不及物动 be inauspicious (due to some type of phenomenon or omen appearing) （通过某种现象显示的）不吉利 | ewa kya jooq e. This kind of thing happening is unlucky. 发生这样的事不吉利. 2n 名 strange phenomenon 怪事

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jvli /ʑə³¹li⁵⁵/ n 名 type of plant, edible, with a bitter flavor 一种味苦，可食用的植物

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jvmom /ʑə³¹mɔm⁵⁵/ n 名 type of plant 一种植物

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ka₁ /kɑ⁵⁵/ n 名 1) word 词 mondi ka curse; bad words 诅咒 ka meq vocabulary word 单词 2) language 话；语言 First Township. 一乡话. > kvt₂

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kaci /kɑ³¹tsi⁵⁵/ n 名 bran 米糠；麦麸 | tabong kaci corn bran 玉米面

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kamkuang /kɑm³¹kʷɑŋ⁵³/ n 名 bamboo harvesting area 收割竹子的地方

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kan /kɑn⁵⁵/ v 动 call; summon (especially domestic animals) 唤（家畜） | dvgeui pvkaan rvt. Call the dog over. 把狗唤过来.

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kang'reu /kɑŋ³¹rɯ⁵⁵/ n 名 tiger bone 虎骨

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kang₁ /kɑŋ⁵⁵/ v 动 open up 翻开；揭开；掀开 | gyaq jvgye nvkang. Open the book 把书打开

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kang₂ /kɑŋ⁵³/ n 名 big cat (leopard, tiger) 老虎（豹子、老虎）

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kangdeung /kɑŋ³¹dɯŋ⁵³/ n 名 big tiger 大虎

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kangji /kɑŋ³¹ʑi⁵³/ n 名 golden leopard 金钱豹 | (Fourth Township) gong /gɔŋ⁵⁵/

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kangkang /kɑŋ⁵⁵kɑŋ⁵³/ n 名 grandpa 爷爷 | Child language. 儿语. > *kang

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kangseum /kɑk⁵⁵sɯm⁵³/ n 名 tiger skin 虎皮

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kaqkyer /kɑ³¹cɛr⁵⁵/ n 名 1chicken wing 鸡翅 2fletching (feathers for an arrow) 箭羽

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karan /kɑ³¹rɑn⁵⁵/ v 动 slather; smear 乱涂

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Keunding /kɯn³¹diŋ⁵³/ 1top 地名 Keunding (Third Township village) 肯顶（三乡村名） 2nprop 专有名 Keunding clan 肯顶家族 | (First Township) Keundeung /kɯn³¹dɯŋ⁵³/

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klanklan /klɑn⁵⁵klɑn⁵⁵/ vi 不及物动 be smooth 平滑的 | （一乡）vyaq sheungkoq neu klanklan e. That log is very smooth. 那根木头很光滑.

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klei /kləi⁵⁵/ v 动 exchange; change; substitute 交换；换;替代 | gya mi klei ning. I'm going to exchange it for this one. 我用这个换. | （一乡）gya te klei yeung. I'm going to exchange it for this one. 我用这个换. | (Fourth Township) gvlei /gə³¹lɛi⁵³/

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kleut /klɯt⁵⁵/ v 动 remove (hairs from an animal) 褪（毛） | vngning waq kleut. They're removing the hairs (in the process of killing a pig). 他们在（杀猪）褪猪毛.

kleutsheu vi 不及物动 shed （蛇）蜕皮

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klung₁ /kluŋ⁵³/ n 名 plantain 芭蕉

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Koksang /kɔk⁵⁵sɑŋ⁵⁵/ top 地名 Gongshan (county capital, in the Nu River valley) 贡山县城（怒江） | Cf. Tangdvm.

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kolang /kɔ³¹lɑŋ⁵³/ n 名 grasshopper 蚂蚱

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kolaq /kɔ³¹lɑʔ⁵⁵/ n 名 1bandit 土匪 | kolaq vblaq. The bandits are coming to pillage. 土匪强盗来了. 2raids of pillaging, especially those of the Lisu in former times 袭击；强盗 | (Fourth Township) dvbu /də³¹bu⁵⁵/

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kongdang /kɔŋ³¹dɑŋ⁵⁵/ n 名 steep slope 坡地；陡坡

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kongsheu /kɔk⁵⁵ɕɯ³¹/ vi 不及物动 1wake up 起（床） | vng tvntaq mvkoksheu. He still hasn't gotten out of bed. 他还没起床. 2stand up 起来 > kong₁

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konkvn /kɔk⁵⁵kən⁵⁵/ n 名 orphan (fatherless child) 孤儿 | tvcheu konkvn destitute orphan 孤苦伶仃的孤儿 | Literary language. 文学语言.

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kor₁ /kɔr⁵⁵/ 1v 动 turn around 转弯 | gya ong korshin. Let's (the two of us) take an indirect route from here. 我俩从这里迂回吧. 2v 动 go around (by a circuitous route) 迂回 3vclf 动量 time （一）次 (First Township. 一乡话。)

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Kralchang /krɑl³¹tɕɑŋ⁵⁵/ nprop 专有名 traditional New Year celebration 卡雀哇节（新年仪式） | Tibetan loanword (Kraltshang). 藏语借词.

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krangkrang /krɑŋ⁵⁵krɑŋ⁵⁵/ vi 不及物动 be crystal clear 清清楚楚

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krapura /krɑ³¹pu⁵⁵rɑ⁵³/ n 名 strongman 强人

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kreun /krɯn⁵⁵/ v 动 withstand; bear (someone's temper) 忍受得了（怪脾气） | vng mvkreun. I can't stand him. 我受不了他了.

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Krongmu /krɔŋ³¹mu⁵³/ 1top 地名 Krongmu (Third Township village) 孔木当（三乡村名） 2nprop 专有名 Krongmu clan 孔木家族

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kua vkang /kʷɑ⁵⁵ ə³¹kɑŋ⁵³/ n 名 queen bee 蜂王 | Literally "master bee". 直译“蜂师傅”.

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kuan /kʷɑn⁵⁵/ vi 不及物动 1chase; run after 追求 | sha kuan hunting 打猎 2expel; drive out 赶出

svkuan vt 及物动 give chase 使追

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kurkyang'ra /kur³¹cɑŋ⁵³rɑ⁵⁵/ n 名 lad; young, unmarried man 小伙子

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Kvbeung /kə³¹bɯŋ⁵⁵/ nprop 专有名 Kabeung clan 家族名

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kvchvt wa /kə³¹tɕət⁵⁵/ v 动 make an arrangement 约定 | kvchvt wa

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kvdan /kə³¹dɑn⁵⁵/ n 名 swing (a seat for swinging) 秋千

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kvlang₁ /kə³¹lɑŋ⁵³/ vi 不及物动 be drunk 醉 | vng kvlang di. He's drunk 他醉了. | meq kvlang very drunk (literally "eyes drunk") 很醉

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kvlang₂ /kə³¹lɑŋ⁵⁵/ n 名 plant stalk 秆 | tabong kvlang corn stalk 玉米秆

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Kvloqlong /kə³¹lɔ⁵⁵lɔŋ⁵⁵/ top 地名 1Kelaolong river valley 克劳洛河谷 2Kelaolong clan 克劳洛家族

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kvnbeq /kən⁵⁵bɛʔ⁵⁵/ n 名 type of plant 一种植物

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kvpoq /kə³¹pɔʔ⁵⁵/ v 动 1change; cause to change 改变；使变化 | nga mi vya lvgyit keuq kvpoq sang. I can edit this story. 我能编这个故事. 2invent 发明

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kvra /kə³¹rɑ⁵⁵/ 1quant 数量 all 所有 | vya, kvra e svra everything we had 我们所有的东西 2prt 助词 accomplish (an action) 完成 | kamsheu kvra chi they made it across (the river) 他们过江了(Follows another verb. 加在另一个动词的后面.)

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kvran /kə³¹rɑn⁵⁵/ v 动 scribble messily (of characters written carelessly) 乱涂（字写得潦草） | gya do tvng nakvransheu? What are you two scribbling? 你俩在这儿涂的事什么？

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kvrang /kə³¹rɑŋ⁵³/ n 名 firefly 萤火虫

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kvrisheu /kə³¹ri⁵⁵ɕɯ³¹/ vi 不及物动 1wander; take a stroll 转悠；游荡 | vra le nakvrisheu meu? Where are you wandering off to today? 你今天到那儿转悠了？ 2take a turn 转动 3be dizzy 头晕 | meq kvrisheu > kvri

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kvrtop /kər³¹tɔp⁵⁵/ adv 副 arrogantly 狂妄 | kvrtop wa jin kri ask arrogantly 傲慢地问

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kvrwa /kər³¹wɑ⁵⁵/ n 名 pancake usually made from sweet buckwheat, often less chunky than pvleq 粑粑（甜荞麦）

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kvt₁ /kət⁵⁵/ vclf 动量 time; trip (occasion) （一）次；回；趟 | shing vni kvt ri make two trips carrying firewood 背两次柴 | ti kvtkvt chuq ngaq sometimes drink 有时候喝 | vngkvtkvt often (many times) 许多次

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kvt₂ /kət⁵⁵/ n 名 1word 词 | kvt ta be obedient 听话 2language 话；语言 | Gyakvt Chinese language 汉语 | (First Township) ka /kɑ⁵⁵/

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kvt₃ /kət⁵⁵/ v 动 plant 种植；种 | vngne tvnni tabong kvt. The two of them are planting corn today. 他俩今天种玉米.

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kvtal /kə³¹tɑl⁵³/ v 动 hang; suspend 挂；吊

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kyeu'mi /cɯ³¹mi⁵³/ n 名 type of dried tofu strips produced from bamboo shoots 一种竹笋加工成的腐竹食品

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kyeumpru /cɯp⁵⁵pru⁵⁵/ n 名 house dance 家舞

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kyeumput /cɯp⁵⁵put⁵⁵/ n 名 geomancy (siting of a house according to principles of geomancy) 风水

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kyong /cɔŋ⁵³/ 1v 动 hang 挂 | sha kyong hang strips of meat 挂肉 2nclf 名量 long strip （一）串（肉） | sha ti kyong one (long rectangular) strip of meat 一串肉

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Kyvngbvyeuqlong /cəŋ⁵⁵bə³¹jɯʔ⁵⁵lɔŋ⁵⁵/ top 地名 Kyangbayeu river valley in Dulongjiang, mentioned in mythology 神话传说中的独龙江河谷名

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lacu /lɑ³¹tsu⁵³/ n 名 candle 蜡烛 | Chinese loanword. 汉语借词

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ladu /lɑ³¹du⁵⁵/ n 名 servant; slave; serf 奴仆；奴隶；仆人

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lambe zvng /lɑm³¹bɛ⁵³ zəŋ⁵⁵/ n 名 axe handle 斧把 | Literally "axe trunk". 直译“斧干”.

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lan₁ /lɑn⁵⁵/ vi 不及物动 be bare; naked (lower part of the body) （下身）赤裸；躶体 | vng lan rong. He's naked. 他赤裸着. | hrei vng'lan barefoot 光着脚 | hreilan di walk barefoot 赤脚走

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lan₂ /lɑn⁵⁵/ n 名 section; part; internode 间；部分 | hreilan / hrei vng'lan section of leg (between knee and ankle) 小腿（膝盖和脚关节之间的部分） | urlan section of forearm (between elbow and wrist) 前臂（手关节和肘关节之间的部分） | kam vng'lan bamboo internode 竹子两端茎节之间的部分（能包括节）

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landa /lɑn³¹dɑ⁵⁵/ n 名 shoulder bag 包包 | Lisu loanword. 傈僳语借词.

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lang₁ /lɑŋ⁵³/ vt 及物动 release; let out (e.g. enclosed animals) 放出（关着的家畜）；放开；放下 | kaq pvlang beu. You go let out the chickens. 你去八鸡放出来.

svlang vt 及物动 dispatch 派

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lang₂ /lɑŋ⁵³/ v 动 swim 游泳 | chvmmramaq ngang lang ra. The children are swimming. 孩子们在游泳.

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lang₃ /lɑŋ⁵³/ v 动 stop 停止；停住（话） | na ka pvlaang. You shut up. 你住嘴.

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lang₄ /lɑŋ⁵³/ vclf 动量 instance of hitting or kicking （打）一顿；（踢）一脚 | （一乡）vng te vng kyelang tvklaq. He kicked him once. 她踢了他一脚.

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lang₅ /lɑŋ⁵⁵/ nclf 名量 mile (traditional Trung unit of distance) （一）里

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lang6 /lɑŋ⁵⁵/ n 名 aluminum 铝

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langban /lɑŋ³¹bɑn⁵⁵/ n 名 (aluminum) basin 铝盆；盆子

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langdon /lɑŋ³¹dɔn⁵⁵/ n 名 ladder, usually a notched tree trunk 梯子 | Also refers to the mythological ladder which once connected heaven and earth. 也是传说里面连接天地的梯子. | (Fourth Township) langdor /lɑŋ³¹dɔr⁵⁵/

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langga /lɑŋ³¹gɑ⁵⁵/ n 名 target 靶子 | Can be any kind of improvised target: a potato, a piece of wood etc. 可以是任何一种临时的目标：土豆、一块木材等.

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langgeui /lɑŋ³¹gɯi⁵³/ n 名 nape; back of the neck 脖子（后部） | (First Township) langgi /lɑŋ³¹gi⁵³/

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langgvr /lɑŋ³¹gər⁵³/ n 名 wild dog; yellow weasel; fox (member of the Canidae family) 野狗；野猫；狐狸的另外一种

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langhreu /lɑk⁵⁵xrɯ⁵⁵/ n 名 fishing spear 鱼叉

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langmeq /lɑŋ³¹mɛʔ⁵⁵/ n 名 window 窗户 | (Fourth Township) sungga /suŋ³¹gɑ⁵⁵/

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langtaq /lɑk⁵⁵tɑʔ⁵⁵/ n 名 aluminum pot 铝锅

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Langwang /lɑŋ³¹wɑŋ⁵³/ nprop 专有名 Langwang clan 郎王家族

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Langwangdong /lɑŋ³¹wɑŋ⁵³dɔŋ⁵³/ top 地名 1Langwangdong (Fourth Township Village) 郎王夺（四乡村名） 2Langwangdong river (Trung river tributary) 郎王夺河（独龙江支流）

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lateu /lɑ³¹tɯ⁵⁵/ n 名 turban 包头巾 | Lisu loanword. 傈僳借词.

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lei₁ /ləi⁵³/ v 动 plant (sprouts, seedlings) 栽（苗） | seum lei beung ning. I am going to plant peach tree sprouts. 我去栽桃树吧. | liza lai we are planting seedlings 我们栽秧苗

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lit /lit⁵⁵/ n 名 fertilizer; manure 肥；肥料

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lop'lv'lop /lɔp⁵⁵lə³¹lɔp⁵⁵/ adv 副 opening and closing (like a mouth) 一开一合地 | vng neui lop'lv'lop wa. His mouth keeps opening and closing. 他的嘴一张一合的.

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loq₁ /lɔʔ⁵⁵/ vi 不及物动 1return 返回 | vng loq di. He went back there. 他回去了. | vng loq ra. He came back (here). 他回来了. 2marry (a man) 嫁（给） | （四乡）na vng jvng nvloq. You go marry him. 你嫁给他.

svloq₁ vt 及物动 make return 使回

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losvr pru /lɔ³¹sər⁵⁵ pru⁵⁵/ n 名 New Year's dance 新年跳舞

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lu₁ /lu⁵³/ vt 及物动 1take; pull out 拿 | shong nvlu. Take the chopsticks. 拿过来筷子 | ko pvlu rvt sheu. You two take that out. （你俩）把那个拿过来. 2marry (a woman); take a wife 娶 | pvma lu

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Lung'raq /luŋ³¹rɑʔ⁵⁵/ 1top 地名 Lungra (Third Township village) 龙拉（三乡村名） 2nprop 专有名 Lungra clan 龙拉家族

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lungboq /luŋ³¹bɔʔ⁵⁵/ n 名 type of small organism, the size of a rice grain, yellow in color, that lives and groups together on rocks 一种成群的在岩石上生活的黄色的小生物（约米粒大小）

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Lungcong /luŋ³¹tsɔŋ⁵³/ 1top 地名 Lungcong (Second Township village) 龙所（二乡村名） 2nprop 专有名 Lungcong clan 龙所家族

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lunggang /luŋ³¹gɑŋ⁵³/ n 名 stone slab 石板 | Flat enough for drying clothing. 比较平坦的大石头，可以在上面洗晒衣服.

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lunggang shin /luŋ³¹gɑŋ⁵³ ɕin⁵⁵/ n 名 type of grass (used as pig feed) 田草（猪食、喂猪）

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Lungkop /luk⁵⁵kɔp⁵⁵/ top 地名 1Lungkop village 村名 2Lungkop clan 家族名

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lungplang /luk⁵⁵plɑŋ⁵³/ n 名 large flat rock 大片岩石（平坦，大面积，裸露）

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Lungsaiwang /luk⁵⁵sɑi⁵⁵wɑŋ⁵³/ top 地名 Lungsai river (tributary of the Dulong river) 河流名（独龙江支流） | Tributary of the Dulong river. 独龙江支流.

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lvban /lə³¹bɑn⁵⁵/ v 动 week 礼拜 | lvban wa do weekly prayers 做礼拜（念经） | Chinese loanword, used mainly by Christians. 中文借词（基督教）.

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lvban kyeum /lə³¹bɑn⁵⁵ cɯm⁵³/ n 名 church 教堂

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lvban ni /lə³¹bɑn⁵⁵ ni⁵³/ n 名 Sunday 星期天 | Used among Christians. 基督教.

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lvdar /lə³¹dɑr⁵⁵/ n 名 white ritual banner, used when making prayers 幡（白色的祈祷时用的)

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lvm₁ /ləm⁵³/ vi 不及物动 dance 跳舞 | vngning ti gyaq lvm ra. They danced all night. 他们跳了一夜（舞）.

svlvm vt 及物动 make dance; teach flying 使舞

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lvm₂ /ləm⁵³/ nclf 名量 fathom; armspan (traditional measure of length with outstretched arms) （一）寻（测量单位）

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lvng'la /ləŋ³¹lɑ⁵³/ n 名 1man 男人 2husband 丈夫

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lvng'lachvl /ləŋ³¹lɑ⁵³tɕəl⁵³/ n 名 lad; young man 小伙子

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lvng'lv'lvng /ləŋ⁵⁵lə³¹ləŋ⁵⁵/ adv 副 swaying back and forth (due to a wound) （因受伤）左右摇摆 | vng lvng'lv'lvng loq di. He is swaying back and forth as he walks back. 他摇摇晃晃地走了.

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lvwang /lə³¹wɑŋ⁵⁵/ n 名 outdoor area (facing house) （相对屋里的）户外

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ma₁ /mɑ⁵⁵/ v 动 1hide (with advance warning) 藏（提前准备） | gya nvnggvm pvma sheu. Hide this well, you two. （你俩）把这个藏好. 2hibernate 蛰 3keep a secret 保密

masheu vi 不及物动 hide oneself 躲藏

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macheqcheq /mɑ³¹tɕɛʔ⁵⁵tɕɛʔ⁵⁵/ adv 副 identical; exactly the same (in appearance) （长相）一模一样的

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maje /mɑ³¹ʑɛ⁵³/ n 名 sugar cane 甘蔗

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mapa /mɑ³¹pɑ⁵³/ n 名 Christian pastor 牧师（基督教）

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marong /mɑ³¹rɔŋ⁵⁵/ n 名 type of medicinal plant (possibly coltsfoot) 一种药材（可能是冬花)

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masheu /mɑ⁵⁵ɕɯ³¹/ vi 不及物动 hide oneself (with advance warning) 躲藏 > ma₁

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meichvl /məi³¹tɕəl⁵³/ n 名 mother and child 母子；母女

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meqgyvng /mɛ³¹ɟəŋ⁵³/ n 名 mind's eye (ability of certain people, especially shamans, to see invisible spirits); shamanic vision 灵魂之眼（能看到无形神灵的能力）；巫师视力 | Literally "eye-seeing". 直译“眼睛看到”.

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meqgyvng'ra /mɛ³¹ɟəŋ⁵⁵rɑ⁵⁵/ n 名 shaman 巫师 | Literally "person whose eyes can see". 直译“眼睛看到的人”.

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meqma /mɛ³¹mɑ⁵⁵/ n 名 taboo of seeing a woman's blood, especially during tattooing or giving birth 血液液禁（看到女人的血忌血液禁忌） | Literally "violation of sight" 直译“违反视线”.

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meu₂ /mɯ⁵⁵/ 1n 名 money 钱 | vtvng meu e? How much money is it? 多少钱？ 2nclf 名量 yuan; unit of money （一）元；块 | ngul ti meu one unit of money 一元钱 3num 数 ten thousand (10,000) 万 | ti meu ten thousand 一万

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Mincung /min³¹tsuŋ⁵³/ nprop 专有名 Mincung clan 家族名

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minnung /min³¹nuŋ⁵³/ 1vi 不及物动 be good-tempered 脾气好 2n 名 kind and generous person 温和宽厚的人

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Mon /mɔn⁵⁵/ nprop 专有名 Mon clan 孟家族

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mong /mɔŋ⁵⁵/ vi 不及物动 1be white (color) 白；干净 | mongmong very white 白白的 2be clean 干净

svmong vt 及物动 whiten 使白

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mrvngmrvng /mrəŋ⁵⁵mrəŋ⁵⁵/ vi 不及物动 be far away (beyond the village) 远远的

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Mvchvlwang /mə³¹tɕəl⁵³wɑŋ⁵³/ top 地名 Machalwang (river, village) 木切旺（三乡河流名，村名）

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mvdvm /mə³¹dəm⁵³/ 1adv 副 above; on top 上面 | sara mvdvm on the table 桌子上 | mvdvm le ngang climb up (ladder, mountain) 爬上去 2conn 连 than 比 | ti ni mvdvm ti ni gvm each day is better than the last 一天比一天好 | nga na mvdvm tei. I am bigger than you. 我比你大.

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Mvgaqwang /mə³¹gɑʔ⁵⁵wɑŋ⁵³/ top 地名 Maga river 木嘎河流

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mvgrang /mə³¹grɑŋ⁵⁵/ n 名 mosquito 蚊子

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mvgrangsheu /mə³¹grɑk⁵⁵ɕɯ³¹/ vi 不及物动 stand on end (of animal hair, when an animal gets angry) （动物因发怒）竖立（毛发）

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Mvgvmbong /mə³¹gəm⁵³bɔŋ⁵³/ 1top 地名 Magambong 木嘎坡 2nprop 专有名 Magambong clan 木嘎坡家族

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mvjeu /mə³¹ʑɯ⁵⁵/ adv 副 1many 多 | mvjeu svlvpsheu pvngwang. I really want to study. 我多想学习. 2than 比 3most; -est 最 4more 更 | gya mvjeu gvm. This is better. 这个更好.

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Mvkpei /mək⁵⁵pəi⁵³/ nprop 专有名 Tibetan people 藏族（人）

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Mvkpei mvli /mək⁵⁵pəi⁵³ mə³¹li⁵³/ top 地名 Tibetan territory 藏区

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mvkya mvna /mə³¹cɑ⁵⁵ mə³¹nɑ⁵⁵/ adv 副 by every possible means 千方百计 | ngei mi mvkya mvna mameut wa jvl. I am forcing him by every possible means to become a soldier. 我强迫他当兵.

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mvlan /mə³¹lɑn⁵³/ v 动 1proceed immediately; continue on (without stopping at an intermediate place) （刚到某处不停留又）去（某处） 2just (finished) 刚（完了） | ka geuq ton mvlan just after finishing what he had to say 话刚说完了

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Mvlan /mə³¹lɑn⁵⁵/ top 地名 Malan 木兰

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mvli sha /mə³¹li⁵³ ɕɑ⁵³/ n 名 wild animals; game 猎物

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Mvliwang /mə³¹li⁵³wɑŋ⁵³/ top 地名 Maliwang 木立王

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mvneun /mə³¹nɯn⁵⁵/ v 动 tangle (thread) 弄乱（线）

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mvng /məŋ⁵⁵/ n 名 plant with starchy tubers (kind of kudzu root) 块根植物，葛根类 | Famine food. 饥荒食物.

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Mvngbli /məŋ³¹bli⁵³/ nprop 专有名 Mangbli clan 麻必家族

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Mvngblidvm /məŋ³¹bli⁵³dəm⁵⁵/ top 地名 Mangblidam (Fourth Township Village) 麻必力；麻必当（四乡村名）

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Mvngblilong /məŋ³¹bli⁵³lɔŋ⁵⁵/ top 地名 Mangbli river and river valley 麻必河谷；麻必河 | Upper tributary of the Dulong river. 独龙江上游支流之一.

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Mvngzeuq /məŋ³¹zɯʔ⁵⁵/ top 地名 Mangzeu 芒自 | Located in the Nu river valley. 在怒江流域.

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mvnningwang /mən³¹niŋ⁵⁵wɑŋ⁵³/ n 名 next year 明年 | (First Township) mvnneungwang /mən³¹nɯŋ⁵⁵wɑŋ⁵³/

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mvnuq /mə³¹nuʔ⁵⁵/ n 名 1tip (of a tree branch) 树枝的末端 2tip (of plant or grass) （植物、草）尖端

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Mvrvngdvm /mə³¹rəŋ⁵⁵dəm⁵⁵/ top 地名 Marangdam (Fourth Township Village) 木拉当（四乡村名）

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Myentyeng /mʲɛn³¹tʲɛŋ⁵⁵/ top 地名 Burma; Myanmar 缅甸

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nagoq /nɑ³¹gɔʔ⁵⁵/ n 名 baby; infant 婴儿；娃娃 | (Fourth Township) vnggu /əŋ³¹gu⁵⁵/

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naka /nɑ³¹kɑ⁵³/ n 名 fish organs boiled and used as a condiment on rice 鱼的内脏熬成的，用于下饭的调料

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nam /nɑm⁵⁵/ v 动 hang up 搭

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namsheu /nɑp⁵⁵ɕɯ³¹/ v 动 recline 靠（坐、躺） | gya do pvnamsheu. You recline over here. 你靠这儿.

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nan /nɑn⁵³/ vi 不及物动 be anxious; impatient (to leave) 急于（走） | tvng le nvnan? What are you anxious about? 你急什么？ | mit tei nan feel all anxious 心里很着急

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nana /nɑ³¹nɑ⁵⁵/ n 名 rice 米饭 | Child language. 儿语.

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Nangtai /nɑk⁵⁵tɑi⁵³/ top 地名 Nangtai village (Kelaolong River valley) 南代（克劳洛河谷村名）

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naqcang /nɑ³¹tsɑŋ⁵⁵/ n 名 type of skirt 一种裙子 | Fabric strip worn around the waist by women. 女子穿的一条织布.

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nawa /nɑ³¹wɑ⁵³/ n 名 airplane 飞机 | Burmese loanword. 缅甸语借词.

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ngam /ŋɑm⁵⁵/ vt 及物动 1stick out (especially from a hole or window) （从洞口、窗户）伸；伸出 | gya oong pv'ngaam rvt. Stick it out from here. 从这里伸过来. | ur ngam stick out a hand 伸出手 2crane one's neck; extend one's head 探头

ngamsheu vi 不及物动 extend oneself 探头

sv'ngam vt 及物动 extend out 使（从洞里）伸出

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ngan /ŋɑn⁵⁵/ vi 不及物动 deflate; make air leak out 使（气）泄露

sv'ngan vt 及物动 deflate (air) 使漏（气）

v'ngan vi 不及物动 let out (air) 漏（气）

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ngang bvngboq /ŋɑŋ⁵⁵ bək⁵⁵bɔʔ⁵⁵/ n 名 foam 泡沫

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ngang mameu /ŋɑŋ⁵⁵ mɑ³¹mɯ⁵⁵/ n 名 1sailor (in the navy) 水军 2navy 海军

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ngang mvlong₁ /ŋɑŋ⁵⁵ mə³¹lɔŋ⁵⁵/ n 名 midstream; middle (of a river) （江河的）中流

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ngang mvlong₂ /ŋɑŋ⁵⁵ mə³¹lɔŋ⁵³/ n 名 1water channel (created naturally) 水渠（自然的） 2water route (between two places) 水路 | Literally "water road". 直译“水路”.

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ngang pvchiq /ŋɑŋ⁵⁵ pə³¹tɕiʔ⁵⁵/ n 名 type of waterfowl 一种水鸟 | (First Township) ngang pvcheuq /ŋɑŋ⁵⁵ pə³¹tɕɯʔ⁵⁵/

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ngang urbet /ŋɑŋ⁵⁵ ur⁵⁵bɛt⁵⁵/ n 名 goose 鹅

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ngang'leum /ŋɑŋ³¹lɯm⁵⁵/ n 名 hot water 热水

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ngang₁ /ŋɑŋ⁵⁵/ n 名 water 水 | (Fourth Township) wang /wɑŋ⁵⁵/

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ngang₂ /ŋɑŋ⁵⁵/ vt 及物动 go up; climb 爬 | vng lvka le ngang di. He's going up the mountain. 他上山了.

sv'ngang vt 及物动 make climb up 使爬上

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ngangbeu /ŋɑŋ³¹bɯ⁵³/ n 名 water snake 水蛇

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ngangchem /ŋɑk⁵⁵tɕɛm⁵⁵/ n 名 waterside 水边

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ngangdung /ŋɑŋ³¹duŋ⁵³/ n 名 1pool; waterhole 池塘 2mouth of a spinrg 泉眼

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ngangglvng /ŋɑŋ⁵⁵gləŋ⁵⁵/ n 名 cold water 冷水

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nganggyit /ŋɑŋ⁵⁵ɟit⁵⁵/ n 名 boiled water 烫水

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ngangmon /ŋɑŋ³¹mɔn⁵⁵/ n 名 water divination 水卜

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ngangsaq /ŋɑk⁵⁵sɑʔ⁵⁵/ n 名 sound of water (booming sound of river water or waterfall) 水声（江水或瀑布的轰鸣声）

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ngangsheul /ŋɑk⁵⁵ɕɯl⁵⁵/ n 名 cold boiled water 凉水（开过的）

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ngangsu /ŋɑk⁵⁵su⁵⁵/ n 名 boiled water 开水

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ngon /ŋɔn⁵⁵/ n 名 go hunting and fishing 捕鱼活动 | vng ngon wa di. He went hunting and fishing. 他去捕鱼了.

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ngong₁ /ŋɔŋ⁵⁵/ v 动 1push 推 2make slanted 使倾斜

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ngu /ŋu⁵⁵/ n 名 appearance 相貌

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ngvkang /ŋə³¹kɑŋ⁵³/ n 名 big fish 大鱼

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ning₁ /niŋ⁵⁵/ prt 助词 and; with 和；与 | kaq ning waq chicken and pig 鸡和猪 | vng Pung ning mvnvng dii di. He and Pung went. 他跟阿普他们去了. | (First Township) nyi /ɲi⁵⁵/

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nong /nɔŋ⁵⁵/ v 动 discard; abandon 抛弃；丢弃 | vya ngei nong e. That's what I discarded. 那是我丢弃的.

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nvci /nə³¹tsi⁵³/ n 名 1(your) grandmother （你/你们的）奶奶；外婆 2(your) great-aunt （你/你们的）姨祖母；姑祖母 > *ci

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nvgu /nə³¹gu⁵³/ n 名 Christian evening prayer （基督教）晚上念经 | nvgu wa | Usually on Wednesdays. 通常是星期三.

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nvkang /nə³¹kɑŋ⁵³/ n 名 1(your) grandfather （你/你们的）爷爷；外公 2(your) great-uncle （你/你们的）舅祖父；从祖父 > *kang

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nvkcheung kvlang /nək⁵⁵tɕɯŋ⁵⁵ kə³¹lɑŋ⁵⁵/ n 名 type of small bird 一种鸟（体型很小）

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nvkeu /nə³¹kɯ⁵³/ n 名 1(your) maternal uncle （你/你们的）舅舅 2(your) uncle (husband of paternal aunt) 姑丈 3(your) father-in-law （你/你们的）岳父 > *keu

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nvkop /nə³¹kɔp⁵⁵/ n 名 1(your) great-grandparent （你/你们的）曾祖父母 2(your) great-grand-uncle or aunt （你/你们的）曾祖父母的兄弟姐妹 > *kop

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nvm mvgyang /nəm⁵³ mə³¹ɟɑŋ⁵⁵/ n 名 1daytime 白天 2noon 中午 | (First Township) nvmgyang /nəm³¹ɟɑŋ ⁵³/

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nvmbu /nəm³¹bu⁵⁵/ n 名 pants; trousers 裤子

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nvmcher /nəp⁵⁵tɕɛr⁵⁵/ n 名 shaman with substantial powers, but who does not harm people 法术高而不害人的巫师

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nvmgang /nəm³¹gɑŋ⁵⁵/ n 名 1sunshine; sunlight 阳光 2clear day 晴天

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nvmji /nəm³¹ʑi⁵³/ n 名 mung bean 绿豆

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nvmneup dar /nəm³¹nɯp⁵⁵ dɑr⁵³/ n 名 west bank (of a river) （江、河）西岸

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nvmngan /nəm³¹ŋɑn⁵⁵/ n 名 sudden downpour 突然而来的暴雨

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nvmpon /nəp⁵⁵pɔn⁵⁵/ n 名 powerful shaman 法力高强的巫师

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nvmpu /nəp⁵⁵pu⁵³/ n 名 shaman who harms people, has poor skills, or whose predictions are inaccurate 法术低，预言不灵验或经常作祟害人的巫师

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nvmsa /nəp⁵⁵sɑ⁵³/ n 名 shaman 巫师 | Aided by auxiliary spirits (nvm), the shaman can combat or negotiate with the spirits, rescue fugitive souls, and proceed directly into celestial or subterranean zones. 在神灵的帮助下，巫师可以打击或跟神灵商量，救援逃犯灵魂，直接驶进天体或地下区域.

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Nvngnungting /nəŋ⁵⁵nuk⁵⁵tiŋ⁵⁵/ top 地名 Nangnungting village 村名 | (First Township) Nvngnungteung /Nəŋ⁵⁵nuk⁵⁵tɯŋ⁵⁵/

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nvngpang /nək⁵⁵pɑŋ⁵³/ n 名 surface 表面

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nvpching kan /nəp⁵⁵tɕiŋ⁵⁵ kɑn⁵³/ n 名 entrance; doorway; gate 门口 | (First Township) nvpcheung kan /nəp⁵⁵tɕɯŋ⁵⁵ kɑn⁵³/

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nvpi₁ /nə³¹pi⁵³/ n 名 1(your) grandmother （你/你们的）奶奶 2(your) great-aunt 姨祖母；姑祖母 > *pi

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nvraq /nə³¹rɑʔ⁵⁵/ n 名 1sexual organs 性器官；排泄口 2excretory orifices 排泄口 | Slang. 俚语.

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nvwvng /nə³¹wəŋ⁵³/ n 名 1(your) paternal uncle （你/你们的）伯伯；叔叔 2(your) uncle (husband of maternal aunt) （你/你们的）姨丈 > *wvng

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nyaq /ɲɑʔ⁵⁵/ 1v 动 demand 索要 2adv 副 however one wishes 随便 (Fourth Township. 四乡话。)

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nyemvr /ɲɛ³¹mər⁵⁵/ n 名 glans penis 龟头

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nyigra /ɲi³¹grɑ⁵³/ v 动 1worry; be concerned 担心；担忧 | vpei vmei nyigra so mother and father will be worried 爸爸妈妈会担心 2feel estranged from others (in one's heart) （心里对别人）有隔阂

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nyishi /ɲi³¹ɕi⁵³/ v 动 love romantically (someone of the opposite sex) 爱（异性） | nga vng le nyishing. I love her (him). 我爱她（他）.

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nyvreuq /ɲə³¹reuq⁵⁵/ n 名 1clan 氏族；家族 | nyvreuq nyv'wa relatives 亲戚 2ethnicity 民族 3kind; type 种类 | vngnyvreuqreuq gyoq many types of clothing 各种各样的衣服

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pa'nga /pɑ³¹ŋɑ⁵³/ n 名 Cirsium setosum (buds bitter but edible) 刺菜（尖头花苞可食，苦味）

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pa'nvl /pɑ³¹nəl⁵³/ n 名 blanket 毯子 | Fourth Township. Made differently from jopel used elsewhere, thinner than and used below gyoqbeuq. 四乡话. 根 jopel 不一样，更细，用在 gyoqbeuq 下.

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pai'v'pai /pɑi⁵⁵ə³¹pɑi⁵⁵/ vi 不及物动 be slanted 歪斜

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paikoq /pɑi⁵⁵kɔʔ⁵⁵/ n 名 tall rattan basket 藤萝

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pang /pɑŋ⁵⁵/ post 后置 from (initial point) 从（起点） | ko pang pvdi go from there 从那边去 | （一乡）mvkpei mvli pe loq he returned from Tibetan territory 他从藏区回来了 | (First Township) pe /pɛ³¹/ | (Fourth Township) wei /wəi³¹/