bvttvng /bət⁵⁵təŋ⁵³/ n 名 type of bird 一种鸟 | bvttvng geuq be kam le cu. When the bvttvng bird starts calling, the bamboo begins to grow. 报春鸟鸣叫时出竹笋. | Known for announcing the arrival of Spring. 宣布夏天的到来.
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chvnen /tɕə³¹nɛn⁵⁵/ n 名 type of black and yellow bird 一种鸟，黄色黑色 | nvm'leum nvm du, chvnen geuq ra. The warm season is here, the birds are calling. 春天到了，听见春鸟在叫.
cur /tsur⁵⁵/ adv 副 sizzling sound of deep frying 油炸的声音,象声词 | cur wa geuq. It's making that sizzling sound. “嗻”地响. | Onomatapoetic. 象声词.
di₂ /di³¹/ prt 助词 1go (andative deictic marker from any point of reference, often the speaker) 去（动作向外，可能是说话人正处的位置，兼表亲见意义） | vng shing ri le dii di. (I saw that) he went to carry firewood. （我看见）他去背柴了. | nga sheng le ding di wa geuq kleup e. Someone said I went to the county capital, but he was lying. （某人说）我去县城了，是谎话. 2immediate past perfective (visual evidential) 完成体（刚刚完成，兼表亲见意义） | ngang vsu di. The water is boiled. 水（烧）开了. | In both senses, typically not used with a first-person agent, unless reporting someone else's statement about the speaker. Speaker is directly reporting a witnessed event. 一般不用于第一人称做施事，除非表示说话人转述他人的话. 动作的发生是说话人亲眼目睹的. | (First Township) gyi /ɟi³¹/
ekek /ɛk⁵⁵ɛk⁵⁵/ adv 副 sound of cracking 碎裂声 | ekek wa geuq tvng geuq da e? What is making that cracking sound? “哎哎”地叫，什么东西在叫？ | Onomatapoetic. 象声词.
geuq /gɯʔ⁵⁵/ vt 及物动 1say; speak 说 | tvng nvgeuq pvngwa? What are you going to say? 你要说什么？ | geuq mazu speak wrongly 说错 2call over (people) 叫（人） | vngning chuq nvgeuq beu. Go call over them here for a minute. 去叫一下他们. 3call (of animals) 叫（动物） 4make a sound 响
svgeuq vt 及物动 make ring 使响
gyol /ɟɔl⁵³/ vi 不及物动 be easy; simple 容易 | gya wa mvgyol. Doing this isn't easy 这个不容易做. | geuq sa gyol easy to say 容易说 | (First Township) la /lɑ⁵⁵/ | (Fourth Township) yon /jɔn⁵³/
hring'lv'hring /xriŋ⁵⁵lə³¹xriŋ⁵⁵/ adv 副 with a jingling sound (of metal) 金属叮叮当当的声音 | （一乡）vngser guisheu, mvlong gi be "hring'le'hring" geuq. She's wearing metal jewelry, when she walks it makes a jingling sound. 她身带金属饰品，走路时叮叮当当地响. | Onomatapoetic. 象声词. | (First Township) hreung'le'hreung /xrɯŋ⁵⁵lɛ³¹xrɯŋ⁵⁵/
hyi₁ /xʲi⁵⁵/ n 名 neigh (嘴）吹的声 | tvng geuq ra da e, hyi? What's making that neighing sound? 什么叫声，“嘿”?
kraq /krɑʔ⁵⁵/ 1v 动 win 赢 | vng kraq di. He won. 他赢了. 2vi 不及物动 be formidable; awesome 厉害 | vng mvgyvl wa le tvtei kraq. He is good at the work he does. 他做工作做得很厉害. 3vi 不及物动 be severe; fierce 尖；狠 4adv 副 quick 快 | kraq pvgeuq. Say it quick. 快说.
vkraq vi 不及物动 be surprised; be frightened 吃惊；吓
la- /lɑ³¹/, /lɑʔ⁵⁵/ v 动 jussive (indirect directive) 祈使式（说话人建议或希望第三方进行或不进行某种动作） | vng la'ip. (You should) put him to sleep. 让他睡吧（我希望）. | vng ewa laqmvgeuq. (I'd rather) you not let him speak that way. 别让（我不希望）他那样说. | vng laqmamvdeum wa. (Someone said) he shouldn't go back. （某人说）他别返回去了. | Often followed immediately by negative marker. laq- is used before two-syllable and already prefixed verbs. 常常加否定词在后面.laq- 用在双音节动词（包括其他语法前缀）前.
le /lɛ³¹/ post 后置 1allative (to; towards) 夺格 | kyeum le vblaq teum after we went back home 回家以后 2anti-ergative (recipient, patient, benefactive) 反作格 | tvng le nadvgvng? What are you being so stubborn about? 你倔强什么？ | vta jvng geuq e? What do you want to say? 你想说什么？ 3purposive (in order to) 目的格（为了） | prase kei le come to raid the people 来剥削老百姓 | (Fourth Township) jvng /ʑəŋ³¹/
lvchi lvkui /lə³¹tɕi⁵³ lə³¹kʷi⁵³/ all different kinds of; of every description 奇形怪况；各种各样 | lvchi lvkui geuq say all kinds of things 乱说 | lvchi lvkui gyoq all kinds of clothing 各种各样的衣服
lvn₂ /lən⁵⁵/ v 动 1call 叫；称呼 | vng mi nvlan vngbreung. He gave me the name. 他给我起名字. 2assume; believe 以为；认为 | vng ewa geuq be nvmvlvng. I don't think he would say that. 我认为他不会怎么说. | tvpang mvlvn look down on; despise 看不起；看不惯
lvnsheu vi 不及物动 be named 叫（名字）
mvcheu /mə³¹tɕɯ⁵³/ adv 副 however one wishes 随便；随意 | mvcheu mvn'geuq neu. Don't just say whatever you want. 别随便说. | （四乡）nyaq ding. I'll go when I wish. 我随便去. | (Fourth Township) nyaq /ɲɑʔ⁵⁵/
mvlan /mə³¹lɑn⁵³/ v 动 1proceed immediately; continue on (without stopping at an intermediate place) （刚到某处不停留又）去（某处） 2just (finished) 刚（完了） | ka geuq ton mvlan just after finishing what he had to say 话刚说完了
ning₃ /niŋ³¹/ prt 助词 optative (marking requests, desires, intentions) 吧（愿望态） | ngei geuq ning. I am telling you (him, her). 我说给你（他/她）. | nga lang rang ning. I'll look for you. 我会找你. | （四乡）peut vsvng sheu saqdeu taq greung gol, ta vsvng sheu ding ning mitsheu. The person talking should make it so vivid that the person listening will think about going. 要尽量说得生动一些，使听的人想去. | Used by first-person speaker, in sentence-final position = neu +-ng. 在句尾，用于第一人称（说话人）= neu +-ng. | (First Township) yeung /jɯŋ³¹/
ra₁ /rɑ³¹/ prt 助词 1venitive deictic (towards the speaker) 来（动作向心） | pvdi ra. (You) come over here. 你过来. | nga vdoi ding rang ning. I'll come back in a little while. 我过一会儿过来. | u na'vdeup rang. I hit my head. 撞了我的头了. 2mirative (eye-witness discovery by sight, touch etc.) 发现体（亲眼目睹的视觉、触觉） | vng tvng geuq ra? (You heard him) say what? （你听到）他说什么了？ | vng gyoq jvl ra. (I see that) he is washing clothes. (我发现）他正在洗衣服. | tvtei sison ra very interesting 有趣极了 | Used with imperative to sound more polite. 跟命令式同时使用更礼貌.
rvsiq /rə³¹siʔ⁵⁵/ vi 不及物动 be noisy （声音）吵；吵闹 | rvsiq, ka mvn'geuq neu. It's too noisy, don't talk. 太吵了，别说话. | (First Township) rvseuq /rə³¹sɯʔ⁵⁵/
sa₁ /sɑ³¹/ prt 助词 nominalizer 名物化 | Tvrung kvt tei wa geuq sa? How do you say it in Dulong? 独龙语怎么说？ | kei sa ngaq sa food and drink 吃的喝的 | （一乡）vsan nyi vgyvng sa see you tomorrow 明天见
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tvkei /tə³¹kəi⁵⁵/ vi 不及物动 be difficult (to do) 难（做）；麻烦 | gya tvtei tvkei. This is very difficult (to do). 这个很难（做）. | geuq sa tvkei hard to say 难说
v-₁ /ə³¹/, /ɑ³¹/ v 动
