pili trans. 1to choose; to select something from a group. Piliyom nan mapmaphod. You select the better one. Piliyom nan pinhod mun e ang-angon ya hidiy nangayam. You select the one you like to see and go there. Hay pinhod kun kalyon ya piliyom di maphod an barkadom. What I want is that you choose good friends. ‑on/‑in‑. 4C Move object toward agent.. (sem. domains: 3.3.1.2 - Choose.) 2the focus is on the one who is choosing something. Mumpili hi ihda na. He is choosing his food. Mamili kayuh pinhod yu. You select what you like. Pumpili da nan mapmaphod an bubulwatit hidiyey ibagi da. They are selecting the good clothes to be theirs. muN‑/nuN‑, maN‑/naN‑, puN‑.
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pangi- -an₁ top. this circumfix cross-references a topicalized place, instrument or beneficiary semantic roles or modal word or phrase; non-past tense. Deket palhu di pangiha-angam, mahapul an uggan mu ikiwa ta mun-iingngoy lutu na. If a skillet is used, it is necessary to stir the rice from time to time so that it will be cooked evenly. Intibon ama nah pottok nan pumpangituludan dan hiya ya inang-ang na. My father looked in the direction where they were pushing him and he saw it. Nagibbu ke nan kapkapyan di hagabi, kalyon day algoh pangihakyatan da. When the hagabi-bench is completed, they set the day that it will be brought home. Dahdiy pangidatan nah pihu? To whom will the money be given? Sim: nangi- -an.
paN- -an₂ TACR. this circumfix encodes non-past tense and cross-references a topicalized time or place; it co-occurs with Class 4 transitive verbs and some members of Class 1 and Class 2 intransitive movement verbs. An daana udot di pangal-am hi em itugatugal? Where do you get the money to be continuously gambling? Pinhod mu ke bon mun-ang-ang hi sini ya dakol di damanah pangayam. If you want to see a movie, there are many places you can go. Takon di hay dangli na ya maid ta daana mo peman di e pangal-an nan inayana? Because they had nothing, he was not even given the customary death ritual for how could his poor wife afford it? Kinali kediyen eda panggopan ke dida ya inila da moy aton da ya hay eda kipustuwan. That’s why on the day of the raid, they knew what to do and where to post themselves. Em hanhanan ten kakon-anay pangayan da ad Manila. Go ask him when they will go to Manila. Sim: naN- -an. (sem. domains: 9.2.9.1 - Verb affixes.)
panday 1nom. blacksmith; ironsmith. An waday mumpanday hi inang-ang yu? Did you ever see an ironsmith? muN‑/nuN‑. Syn: udi₁. (sem. domains: 6.6.2.3 - Working with metal.) 2trans. to make iron tools, e.g. spades, knives, bolos; to forge. Pandayon da nan gumok hi gaud. They will make the metal into a spade. Pumanday kah uwan tun unga. Make a knife for this child. Mumpanday dah otak ad Bolar. They are making bolos in Bolar. ‑on/‑in‑, ‑um‑/‑imm‑, muN‑/nuN‑. 4A Change the structure of object.
palakpak₂ 1comm. the sound made by clapping of the hands. Takon di nidawwi taku ya madngol di palakpak nadan mun-ang-ang-ang. Even though we are far we can hear the clapping of those who are watching. (sem. domains: 2.3.2.3 - Types of sounds.) 2trans. to strike hands together; to clap. Mumpalalpak da nadan mundongol hi kanta da. Those who heard their song are clapping their hands. Palakpakan taku te maphod di impatibo da. Let us clap our hands because thier show is good. muN‑/nuN‑, ‑an/‑in‑ ‑an. (sem. domains: 7.7.1 - Hit.) Language Of Borrowing: Ilocano.
paghing 1comm. the spur of a rooster. Ang-angom nan paghing nan manuk. Look at the spur of the chicken. (sem. domains: 1.6.1.2 - Bird.) 2trans. for a chicken to use its spur. [Although there is a specific word referring to a rooster, the word for chicken is more commonly used. Fighting cocks are trained to use their spurs viciously.] Adika mih-up nah manuk te paghingon daka. Do not go near the chicken because it will hit you with its spur. Pumaghing nan manuk hin mih-up ta. The chicken will hit with its spur if we go near it. Napaghingan mo nan poltan na. His rooster has already grown a spur. ‑on/‑in‑, ‑um‑/‑imm‑, ma‑ ‑an/na‑ ‑an. 4B Tactile - Touch contact. (sem. domains: 7.7.1 - Hit.)
ot₂ 1adv. a limiting modifier; not exactly or entirely, but very nearly. Nalgab ot hi bale. The house almost burned down. Kay na ot kanan di Lata. Ina, kon wada damdamay nangang-angam ketuwen bibiyo? kanak. “It was like she said Lata. Mother, have you also seen this fairy?” I asked. Limiting and maximizing. (sem. domains: 8.1.5.8.1 - Approximate.) 2adjunct. expresses an uncertain contraexpectation. Maule ot di bibiyo te umidat hi kendi, hiya ina? an kanak bo. “Mother, fairies are kind aren’t they because they give us candy,” I said. Attitudinal. 3adv. about to go and do something. {When the e form is combined with the adverb ot, the implication is that someone was about to go and do something but did not do it at that time.} comp. deya ot an comp. ot tuwali
nguppunguppu comm. snake species, striped black and white. Maid inang-ang kun nguppunguppu. I never saw a nguppunguppu-snake. (sem. domains: 1.6.1.3 - Reptile.)
nuppe adjunct. implies confidence in the accuracy or correctness of what is said or the absolute necessity of an action or event; indisputable. Opwatom nuppe nan hinamal, akudom hi ligau ta madibdiban ta maba-bao. Remove the pot from the fire, ladle out the rice into a winnower so the air will help to cool it. Handih matibo na nuppey kawad-ana, ya inang-ang nan dehdin nah pingngit di wa-el ad Bae. When he was finally able to see where he was, he discovered that he was beside the brook in Bae. Attitudinal. (sem. domains: 9.4.4.1 - Certainly, definitely.)
naunna (infl. of unna) advpred. 1refers to the first time something has happened or been done. Kon naunna inang-ang na handih kaunga na? Did she see him for the first time when she was a child? Time. (sem. domains: 8.4.5 - Relative time.) 2may also be used as an idiom for death (lit. someone went ahead first).
natangan sta. first time experience. Kay natangan mangang-ang nadah duddutin muntayyapan. It was as though it was the first time she had seen dragonflies flying around.
nanong₁ 1intrans. to continue unchanged over a period of time; to remain the same. Adika munnanong an muttatyu na. You will not continue to be his servant. Mahapul an munnanong kayun mumbobleh di. It is necessary that you remain living there. Munnanong ka ni-an hitu. Remain here for a while. muN‑/nuN‑. 1C General class. Sim: ta nangamung₂, ta inggana, kanayun, latta. (sem. domains: 7.2.7.2 - Stay, remain.) 2advpred. modifies an event, expressing that it is unchanging over a period of time. Ingganad uwani ya nanongnan mumbaki ama takon di nun-iskul handi. Until now, my father continues to be (is still) a pagan priest even though he has gone to school. Ya nanongnan dehdin ang-ang-angok nan bibiyon deh hinangngab ku. And I could still see the fairy standing in front of me. ‑nan. Time. (sem. domains: 8.4.6 - Aspectual time.) 3advpred. to continue forever unchanged; always. Munnananong hi Apu Dios an wada. God will exist forever and ever. Adi munnananong an waday tiempok. I will not always have time. muN‑ CV‑. infl. nunnanong
nadandani (der. of dani) advpred. refers to indefinite intervals of time related to actions or events. Nadandani on immalih tu. Every now and then, he comes here. Nadandani on ingkiwam ta gagalan mabao. Now and then, stir it (the rice) so that it will cool quickly. Nadandani on in-ohnong na ta ang-angona nadan oggan tumul-un dolog nah liting. From time to time, Bugan would stop walking and look at the fish that came to the surface of the water. ma‑/na‑. Time. (sem. domains: 8.4.6.6.2 - Sometimes.)
nadah (nah) det. the plural form of the determiner nah; marks grammatical objects that are not cross-referenced by the affix on the verb. Kay natangan mangang-ang nadah duddutin muntayyapan. It was the first time that she watched dragonflies flying around. Handih mungkabigat ya imme da nadah kipustuwan. When dawn came, they took their posts in strategic places. hanadah
mu₂ pers. 1you; second person, singular pronoun; member of Set 1 non-cross-referenced subject. <Morphophonology: When a verb ends in a vowel, the initial consonant of the pronoun attaches to the verb, and the vowel ‘u’ is dropped. Morphophonology: When a possessed noun ends in a vowel, the initial consonant of the pronoun attaches to the noun, and the vowel ‘u’ is dropped.
mipa- caus. this affix encodes both passive and causative, non-past tense. Nalgom di pinhod mun gattangon mipalpun nah kaitayan ingganah kaongalan. There is anything that you want to buy, from (beginning with) the smallest item to the largest. Mu gapu te madinol takun ahi taku ang-angon di kipaannungana ya anusan takun munho-ho-od ingganah nipaannung. (Romans 8:25) But the reason is because we trust that we will see its fulfillment, we will patiently continue waiting until it has been fulfilled. Sim: nipa-. (sem. domains: 9.2.9.3 - Derivational affixes.)
maid 1negative predicate. 1.1negpred. a negative predication; the negative opposite of the existential predicate. Maid di inat kuh gaga-iho. I did not do anything bad. Adi mabalin an eta mabiyag hin maid di ustuh ngunuh pangal-an hi pumbiyagan. It isn’t possible to live if we don’t have adequate work to provide our livelihood. (sem. domains: 9.4.6.1 - No, not.) 1.2negpred. negative predication expressing the non-existence of an agent. Maid di mun-ay-ayyam hi banting. Nobody will play with matches. Ek ang-angon, munhidhid-ipak te nahilong ya- maid hi Lammooy I went to see, I was straining my eyes because it was dark, Lammooy was not around. 1.3negpred. negative predication expressing the non-existence of a thing or possession. Maid di pihuk. I have no money. Mungngunu kayu te maid di poppog di tiempo. Work, because time is without end. Maid moy ena igattang. He had nothing more to sell. Maid, tumakut kamin e mangala mu maka-i-imin nangidat ot alan mi mo. “Nothing. We were afraid to take the candy but she was smiling as she gave it so we took it.” 2sta. to become non-existent; mama-id, the reduplication expresses the process of disappearance, i.e. becoming non-existent. Athidi bon gulatnat mama-id am-in di mumbaki ta hiya ya abuy matdaan. Like that also, if there are no longer pagan priests except for him. (sem. domains: 9.1.1.1 - Exist.) der. ma-idon der. ma-ma-idan der. mama-id id. Ma-ma-idan di nitaguwak. ph. v. maid di poppog na
mabukal (der. of , infl. of bukal) 1pass. to be dispersed; to be spread out. Ugge da ni-an nabukal di tatagu. The crowd is not yet dispersed. Nabukal nadan mun-ang-ang-ang hi ay-ayyam te waday munlalaban. The people watching the game were dispersed because they were fighting. Handih nabukal da ya nunhahannu da. When they dispersed, they argued. ma‑/na‑. 2intrans. straw of rice is exposed. Mumbukal nan buhbu. The blooming rice plant’s straw is exposed. (lit. spreading out.) muN‑.
liyang 1comm. cave. Adika maohhan humgop hi liyang. Do not enter a cave alone. Waday inang-ang kun liyang ad Kalao, Tuguegarao. I’ve seen a cave in Kalao, Tuguegarao. Hanadan bibiyo ya miha-ad da kanuh liyang, nah buddalan di ob-ob. These bibiyo, it is said, stay or live in caves, near springs. 2sta. to have a cave formed. Naliyangan nan nagden nah payo. A cave was formed in the landslide in the field. na‑ ‑an.
liggu trans. to turn head to the side; to turn away; to face sideways. Iliggum hitut ang-angngon da di tamel mu. Turn your face this way so that they will see your face. Oggan mu ligguwon nan inhap-ek an page. Once in a while turn your head to see the rice I set out to dry. Munliggu kah tu. Turn your head this way. i‑/iN‑, ‑on/‑in‑, muN‑/nuN‑. 3G Move body or body parts directionally. Sim: ligu; Sim: wingi, atuwingwing, balungango. (sem. domains: 7.2.2.6 - Turn, 7.1.9 - Move a part of the body.)
kumkumti 1comm. firefly. Umbun hi dola ta ang-ang-angona didan dakol an kumkumti. He wants to sit outside to watch the fireflies. Inamung na nadan kumkumti ta kanana ot di panilag na. He gathered the fireflies thinking of making them into a lamp. (sem. domains: 1.6.1.7 - Insect.) 2sta. to be dazed; to see stars when dazed, knocked out or about to faint. [An extended meaning that simply means he saw lights like fireflies. ] Nitipog di uluna ya nakumkumtiyan di panibona te mundappengan. He hit his head on something and saw stars because he reeled when he walked. na‑ ‑an.
kuleng sta. to be withered, referring to plants. Makuleng di intanom ku te namahig di potang. What I planted will wither because it’s too sunny. Nakuleng nan buttatan inalan nan ungah payo. The chinese cabbage that the child got from the field is withered. Uggem dinanuman nan flower te inang-ang ku ya mungkakuleng. You did not water the flower because I saw it and it was withering. Nanginkukuleng nan intanom kuh tu kaiw. The tree that I planted here withered easily. ma‑/na‑. 6C Process or state of inanimate objects. Sim: malyo. (sem. domains: 1.5.6 - Growth of plants.) infl. mungkakleng
