Tuwali Ifugao - English


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C comm. rice variety. [This variety requires irrigation and is ready for harvest in 3-4 months; it is very popular due to multiple harvests, three per year.] (sem. domains: 6.2 - Agriculture.) Language Of Borrowing: English.
C1 this form symbolizes the gemination of the first consonant of the root word; when it co-occurs with the prefix paka-, it intensifies the ability of the agent-subject to perform something very well or completely. Dimmin-ong ta pakaddonglona ya impidwanan bon pimmalak an palak di babai. He was quiet so that he could carefully listen and the groan of a woman was repeated. Sim: pakaC1-.
C2 this form symbolizes the gemination of the medial consonant of the root word; when it co-occurs with the circumfixes paka- -on and paka- -an, it intensifies the ability of the agent-subject to perform something very well or completely. Pakabayyuon dah maphod nan page. They will pound the rice very well. Sim: pakaC2- -on, pakaC2- -an, pakaC1- -on.
C3 this form symbolizes the gemination of the final consonant of the root word; when it co-occurs with the circumfix paka- -on it encodes the intensification of the action. Sim: pakaC3- -on, paka-.
cabecillas comm. those appointed to oversee ranches during American and Spanish times. {hist} Lourdes S. Dulawan: Ifugao Culture and History
Cain prop. name of Biblical character. Nadug-ahan hi Cain. Cain was cursed.
Catalina prop. name of woman. [Many Spanish proper names were introduced during the time when there were Spanish priests who gave baptismal names.]
Christmas prop. Christmas; the time for celebrating the birth of Christ. [Many parties are held during the Christmas season.]
Co adjunct. the closing consonant of any preceding word is duplicated and the vowel ‘o’ is added to pause while talking. Sim: =o.
conbento comm. a Roman Catholic residence and training for nuns. Hiya ya nan madle an deh conbento. As for her, she is a nun there at the convent. (sem. domains: 6.5.1 - Building.)
Cubao prop. the name of a city in the Manila area.
CV intensifier. the reduplication of the first syllable of a verbal root is the form of a morpheme that encodes intensity; very. Mihmihdi nah munhihilong ya nah kakaiw an dakol di hapang nan mahdol di tubuna. It stays in very dark places or in trees with thick, leafy branches. Anakkayang peman hi Bugan tipet eka humahallaman an ume yaden maid ni-an di lugan. Wow (how excited you must be) Bugan, why do you go very early when there are no jeepneys yet. Gadgadam nan bila te dakol di lamut na ya napipitok. Scrape the tubers because they have many roots and they are very muddy.
CV- num. this reduplicant form functions to pluralize a noun referent. Deket kanan nan tagu di humagabi, ipainila na ni-an hi iibana. When a man says that he will perform the hagabi-ceremony, he notifies his relatives beforehand. Mihmihdi nah munhihilong ya nah kakaiw an dakol di hapang nan mahdol di tubuna. It stays in dark places or in trees with thick, leafy branches. (sem. domains: 9.2.9.2 - Noun affixes.)
CV(C)₁ asp. 1the reduplication of the first syllable, either CV or CVC, of a verbal root is the morpheme form that encodes the continuative aspect; this aspect expresses a single, uninterrupted continuing activity; continue. Kabigabigat on nangin-innum da ya nunhahamul da nah muyung. Every day these men continue to feast and drink in the forest. Idihhan ta hin mungngangala da ta adi dita donglon ke dida. We will coincide it with when they are continuously noisy so they will not hear us. Maanlaanak an mundawdaw-en nah bungana on kinkinnan ku. I enjoyed continuing to pick and eat the fruit. Munhaghaggeyak te nikudliyak. I am limping because I slipped. Ot matatpuuk da nah puhung, mundopdoppap dah di. Then, they splashed into the pool, continuing to grapple there. 2expresses a continuative time aspect when co-occuring with roots that have an inherent punctiliar time aspect, but have been derived to have a durative time aspect with the prefix set muN-/nuN-. Mumpaypaytuk ya mungkuli te hidiyey pinghanan ena nakidilagan hi allama. She jumped and screamed because it was the first time she went to catch crabs with a torch. Ek ang-angon, munhidhid-ipak te nahilong ya- maid hi Lammooy I went to see, I was straining my eyes because it was dark, Lammooy was not around Nuntadtaddog kamin mundongdongngol hi kalkalyon nan mittulu. We were continuously standing as we were listening to the speech of the teacher. (sem. domains: 8.4.6.1.3 - End.)
CV(C)₂ mod. when prefixing a form that is not functioning as an active verb, e.g. passive, or quantifying adjective, it intensifies by maximizing. Hay punnomnom ku ya wada nin an dakdakkol di naat mu, mu hituwe. My thinking was that you would have done much more than this. Ta mamangulun ipulitu ta deket nage-geengngan hi ittay ne inid-um di amput ya danggu And fry first until it is brown and add garlic and onions.
CV(C)-₁ mod. this modal reduplicant functions to intensify the meaning of a predication. <Morphophonology: The modal form reduplicates the first syllable of a root. For that reason, the syllable pattern of the root dictates whether the reduplicant form is CV- or CVC-.> Katatakut pay an e bumah-el te dakol di talak an muntutun-ud. It is very dangerous to cross the street since there are many buses lined up one after the other. Miha-ad nan hagabi nah dola ta nangamung mo nan kon hagabi an ahi mangip-iphod. The hagabi-bench is placed in the yard and it is up to the owner to finish it (lit. make it very good) . (sem. domains: 9.2.9.1 - Verb affixes.)
CV(C)-₂ mod. this modal reduplicant functions to make a comparison when it inflects adjectives. Andukdukkey buuk ku mu hay buuk mu. My hair is longer than your hair. Piliyom mapmaphod. Select the better one. (sem. domains: 9.2.9 - Affixes.)
CV(C)CV intensifier. co-occurs with adjective roots. Andukkedukke nan linubid. The rope is very long.
CV(C)CV-₁ mod. this modal reduplicant intensifies the meaning of an adjective; extremely; very. Hay kibalinana ya kaddakaddangyana te dakol di longonah nuwang ya babuy. The meaning of this is that he is very, very rich because he will butcher many carabao and pigs. Ambiambilog ya dakkodakkol di tatagu. It is very wide and there are many, many people. Abunay hukik an nangipakkid nah adol di kaiw, mu ongnga-ongngal ot muntattayunak nah hapang. It was only my legs that held on around the trunk of the tree; but it was very big so I had to hang from a branch. (sem. domains: 9.3.1.3 - To a larger degree.)
CV(C)CV-₂ asp. 1this aspectual reduplicant encodes an habitual or constant aspect. Matukatukal ka an e makitugatugal te mapat-al ya hilong di puntutugalan yu. You are always awake to join in gambling because your gambling goes on day and night. Adina itikod nan mumbaki te wadanwaday takut na an kumpulmin tiempu ya mate. He does not stop doing the rituals because his fear would be constant that he might die anytime. Wadan ustu moy bidbibidbid hi novels I think it’s time to put away the constant reading of novels (sem. domains: 8.4.2 - Take time.) 2to do something continuously over a durative period of time. Tobatbalona diday bagol ya aammod ta dumalay-up da ta hay idatong di hagabi ya maphod dan am-in an hin-am-a ya ta dumakol di babuy da ya manuk da. He continuously calls on the gods and his ancestors to witness the arrival of his hagabi-bench so that with its arrival, it will bring along good health for his family and the increase (become many) of their pigs and chickens. Ume bo kanu nah tap-on di wa-el nah ho- alak ya wadaday ngubungubun mangabat da. He went to the place above the creek in the er...irrigation ditch and there were voices continuously mumbling.
CV1C2 1intensifier. the reduplication of the first syllable, CV(C), and the medial consonant of an adjective noun root is the form of the morpheme that encodes intensity; very. Dakdakol di ngunun di linalaki hantuh ahiga-ud. The men have more work during the plowing season. Hi Luis an ong-ongal ya himpuluy toona ya hi ke Julie ya onom. Luis, the older (lit. bigger), was ten years old and Julie was six. Mu dakdakol di kaapputan ta maahinut ot ya abun am-in. But one loses more times than he wins such that eventually, everything will be lost. 2dim. refers to something smaller than the norm; this reduplication form encoding this meaning co-occurs only with nouns.
CVC- dim. this reduplicant expresses the meaning of small size; it co-occurs with nouns; diminutive. Waday dakol di ka-kaiw hi bale mi. There are many bushes (small trees) by our house. Pina-i na nan taltalak an indat ku. He destroyed the toy truck that I gave him.